WordNet

kill by smashing someones skull
mental ability; "hes got plenty of brains but no common sense" (同)brainpower, learning_ability, mental capacity, mentality, wit
that part of the central nervous system that includes all the higher nervous centers; enclosed within the skull; continuous with the spinal cord (同)encephalon
the brain of certain animals used as meat
hit on the head
examination of tissues or liquids from the living body to determine the existence or cause of a disease

PrepTutorEJDIC

『脳』,脳髄 / 《しばしば複数形で》『頭脳』,『知力』 / 《話》秀才,知的指導者 / …‘の'頭を打ち砕く
=brassiere,　brassiere

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/06/21 18:52:28」(JST)

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Brain biopsy is the removal of a small piece of brain tissue for the diagnosis of abnormalities of the brain. It is used to diagnose Alzheimer's disease, tumors, infection, inflammation, and other brain disorders. By examining the tissue sample under a microscope, the biopsy sample provides doctors with the information necessary to guide diagnosis and treatment.

Procedure

When an abnormality of the brain is suspected, Stereotactic (probing in three dimensions) brain needle biopsy is performed and guided precisely by a computer system to avoid serious complications. A small hole is drilled into the skull, and a needle is inserted into the brain tissue guided by computer-assisted imaging techniques (CT or MRI scans). Historically, the patient's head was held in a rigid frame to direct the probe into the brain; however, since the early 1990s, it has been possible to perform these biopsies without the frame. Since the frame was attached to the skull with screws, this advancement is less invasive and better tolerated by the patient. The doctor (pathologist) prepares the sample for analysis and studies it further under a microscope.

Preparation

A CT or MRI brain scan is done to find the position where the biopsy will be performed. Prior to the biopsy, the patient is placed under general anesthesia.

Aftercare

The patient is monitored in the recovery room for several hours and is usually required to spend a few days in the hospital since general anesthesia is required.

Risks

The procedure is invasive and includes risks associated with anesthesia and surgery. Brain injury may occur due to removal of brain tissue. The resulting scar left on the brain has the potential to trigger seizures.

Interpretation

Various brain abnormalities can be diagnosed by microscopic analysis of the tissue sample. The pathologist (a physician trained in how disease affects the body's tissues) looks for abnormal growth, changes in cell membranes, and/or abnormal collections of cells. In Alzheimer's disease, the cortex of the brain contains abnormal collections of plaques. If infection is suspected, the infectious organism can be cultured from the tissue and identified. Classification of tumors is also possible after biopsy.

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English Journal

Epidemiology of primary brain tumors in childhood and adolescence in Kuwait.

Katchy KC, Alexander S, Al-Nashmi NM, Al-Ramadan A.SourceDepartment of Pathology, Al-Sabah Hospital, Safat, Kuwait ; FRCPath, FRCPC, Department of Pathology, Al-Sabah Hospital, P.O.Box 4078, 13041 Safat, Kuwait.
SpringerPlus.Springerplus.2013 Dec;2(1):58. Epub 2013 Feb 18.
The relatively high frequency of primary brain tumors (PBT) observed in childhood and adolescence in Kuwait has necessitated this epidemiological study. It is based on the records of the Department of Pathology, Al-Sabah Hospital, which examined all brain tumor biopsies done in this age group in Kuw
PMID 23519270

Mitochondrial DNA damage in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease decreases amyloid beta plaque formation.

Pinto M, Pickrell AM, Fukui H, Moraes CT.SourceDepartment of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2013 Oct;34(10):2399-407. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.04.014. Epub 2013 May 21.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and the generation of reactive oxygen species have been associated with and implicated in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease. To study how mtDNA damage affects reactive oxygen species and amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology in vivo, we generated an Alzh
PMID 23702344

Japanese Journal

神経核内封入体病/エオジン好性核内封入体病

藤ヶ崎純子
Brain
NAID 40020351684

敗血症性肺塞栓症を合併した黄色肉芽腫性腎盂腎炎の1例

堀俊太,豊島優多,高田聡,藤本健,森澤洋介,大山信雄,百瀬均
泌尿器科紀要 = Acta urologica Japonica 61(1), 13-18, 2015-01
… The whole body CT disclosed a space-occupying lesion in the left frontal lobe of his brain, an irregular mass in the left kidney, and swelling of paraaortic lymph nodes. … A pathological diagnosis could not be made from the results of the bronchoscopic examination and percutaneous needle biopsy for the renal mass. … The brain nodule also decreased in size significantly and is currently under careful surveillance. …
NAID 120005539311

Related Pictures

Imaging needle: Researchers have shown that it is useful to reduce the risk during Stereotactic brain biopsy • Oncolex - YouTube Pre-brain surgery test protects language in some tumors | EurekAlert! Science News Neurosurgeon performing brain biopsy - Stock Image - M566/0195 - Science Photo Library Needle In Position For Stereotaxic Brain Biopsy Photograph by Cc Studio/science Photo Laser probe lets brain surgeons identify cancer cells with sound | New Scientist Brain Biopsy Needle Equipped with Video Camera to Spot Vessels In The Way | Medgadget Brain biopsy - Stock Image - M566/0229 - Science Photo Library