bled

　

WordNet

1. draw blood; "In the old days, doctors routinely bled patients as part of the treatment" (同)leech, phlebotomize, phlebotomise
2. get or extort (money or other possessions) from someone; "They bled me dry--I have nothing left!"
3. drain of liquid or steam; "bleed the radiators"; "the mechanic bled the engine"
4. a suburb of London and the headquarters of the club where annual international tennis championships are played on grass courts
5. eggs beaten and cooked to a soft firm consistency while stirring

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. bleedの過去・過去分詞
2. 『出血する』,血を流す;血を流して死ぬ / (切り口などから)〈植物が〉樹液を出す / (…に)血の出るような思いをする《+『for』+『名』》 / 〈絵具・染料などが〉にじむ / (病気の治療として)〈患者〉‘から'血をとる,放血させる / (切口・開口部から)〈血・樹液など〉'を'出す / …‘から'液体(ガス)を抜きとる;(液体・ガスなどを)…‘から'抜きとる《+『名』+『of』+『名』》 / 《話》…‘から'金をしぼり取る
3. 小石打ちつけ塗り(小石を混ぜたモルタル外壁の仕上げ)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/12/01 01:41:00」(JST)

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Not to be confused with The Bled.

For the film, see Bled (film).

Bled
Lakeside, October 2006 view from the castle
Bled Location in Slovenia
Coordinates: 46°22′7.69″N 14°6′50.31″E
Country	Slovenia
Traditional Region	Upper Carniola
Statistical region	Upper Carniola
Municipality	Bled
Elevation	507.7 m (1,665.7 ft)
Population (2002)
• Total	6,322

Bled (pronounced [ˈbleːt]; German: Veldes, in older sources also Feldes) is a town on Lake Bled in the Upper Carniolan region of northwestern Slovenia. It is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Bled. It is most notable as a popular tourist destination in the Upper Carniola region and in Slovenia as whole, attracting visitors from abroad too.

Name

The town was first attested in written sources as Ueldes in 1004 (and as Veldes in 1011). The etymology of the name is unknown and it is believed to be of pre-Slavic origin. The German name of the town, Veldes, was either borrowed from Old Slovene *Beldъ before AD 800 or is derived from the same pre-Slavic source as the Slovene name.

Geography

View over Lake Bled

Bled is located on the southern foot of the Karawanks mountain range near the border with Austria, about 50 km (31 mi) northwest of the state capital Ljubljana. South of Lake Bled are the densely forested Pokljuka and Jelovica plateaus, the easternmost parts of the Julian Alps. Here the Sava Bohinjka and the parallel Bohinj Railway lead up to the Bohinj basin, Lake Bohinj, and the Triglav massif.

A number of rises (Grad 599 m, Straža 646 m, Kozarca 558 m, Osojnica 756 m, and Ravnica 729 m) separate the localities of Bled around the lake, the former villages of Grad, Mlino, Rečica, Zagorice, and Želeče.

The lake is 2.12 kilometres (1.32 mi) long and 0.5 to 1 kilometre (0.31 to 0.62 mi) wide. In summer, the surface water reaches 25 °C (77 °F) and retains a temperature up to 18 °C (64 °F) until autumn. As such, it is suitable for swimming. In colder winters it freezes and is used for ice skating.

There is a thermal spring (23 °C or 73 °F) near the lake, next to the Bled Fault. Its water is used in indoor pools in two hotels.

History

Early Mediaeval history

Lake Bled and Bled Castle by Valvasor, 17th century

Panorama of Bled, 18th century

Panorama of Bled, late 19th century

A settlement area since Mesolithic times, the present-day locality probably arose about 600 during the Slavic settlement of the Eastern Alps. After the Slavic principality of Carantania was conquered by Frankish forces in 788, the area came under Bavarian influence.

Feudal estate

Bled itself, then part of the March of Carniola, was first mentioned as Ueldes (Veldes) in a document from 1004, in which German King Henry II ceded ownership of the area to Albuin, Bishop of Brixen as a sign of gratitude for the assistance the Church was giving to the king in his attempt to strengthen imperial rule in that part of northern Italy. In 1011, Henry II signed another deed of donation that added the castle and an area of land the size of thirty king’s farms. That area, between the Sava Bohinjka and the Sava Dolinka, became known as the Lordship of Veldes (German: Herrschaft Veldes). These donations marked a turning point in the history of Bled and, for the following 800 years, the area remained under the sovereignty of the prince-bishops of Brixen.

The bishops very seldom visited their remote possession 300 km away. Initially, the lordship was administered by ministeriales (bonded knights), castellans, and castle staff in accordance with feudal practices, but in the middle of the 14th century the prince-bishops decided instead to lease the estate. Under one of the 16th-century lessees, Bled Castle became a Protestant stronghold for a time. When the leasehold era came to an end, the prince-bishops began to appoint governors to manage their distant lordship. Until the middle of the 18th century, those administrators were exclusively aristocratic, but later they included non-nobles.

In 1803, Brixen’s rule came to an end when the prince-bishopric was secularized in the course of the German Mediatization. Bled then came under Austrian sovereignty but in 1808, along with Carniola, it was included in the Napoleonic Illyrian Provinces. It returned under Austrian sovereignty in 1813, and in 1838 the Austrian Emperor returned Bled to the bishops of Brixen as a private estate. With the abolition of the feudal system in 1848, Bled ceased to have the characteristics of a feudal economy and from then on it experienced several changes in ownership, including industrialists and a bank.

After the dissolution of Austria-Hungary in 1918, Bled and the rest of Carniola came under the rule of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and became a summer domicile of the ruling House of Karađorđević, a tradition that Yugoslav leader Josip Broz Tito continued when he built his residence here in 1947.

Modern settlement

Today's town began to form in the mid-19th century from the villages of Grad, Mlino, Rečica, Zagorice, and Želeče, which were encircling the lake. At that time, farmers started to sell the land along the eastern lakeshore to wealthy individuals for their villas, and the villages of Grad, Zagorice, and Želeče began to merge. Bled was officially recognised as a town in 1960.

Tourism

Bled hotels in 1910.

Bled is known for the glacial Lake Bled, which makes it a major tourist attraction. Perched on a rock overlooking the lake is the iconic Bled Castle. The town is also known in Slovenia for its vanilla and cream pastry (Slovene: kremšnita, kremna rezina).

Naturopath Arnold Rikli (1823–1906) from Switzerland contributed significantly to the development of Bled as a health resort in the second half of the 19th century. Due to its mild climate, Bled has been visited by aristocratic guests from all across the world. Today it is an important convention centre and tourist resort, offering a wide range of sports activities (golf, fishing, and horseback-riding). It is a starting point for mountain treks and hikes, especially within nearby Triglav National Park.

A small island in the middle of the lake is home to Assumption of Mary Pilgrimage Church; visitors frequently ring its bell for good luck. Human traces from prehistory have been found on the island. Before the church was built, there was a temple consecrated to Živa, the Slavic goddess of love and fertility. One can get to the island on a traditional flat-bottomed wooden boat (Slovene: pletna). The island on Lake Bled has 99 steps. A local tradition at weddings is for the husband to carry his new bride up these steps, during which the bride must remain silent.

Transport

The town is served by Lesce-Bled Airport.

Events

Bled hosted the World Rowing Championships for the fourth time in history in 2011. It previously hosted the championships in 1966, 1979, and 1989.

In 1961 the Grand Hotel Toplice in Bled was the site of one of the most important international tournaments in chess history. In 2002, the 35th Chess Olympiad was held in the city.

City hosts one of the big lindy hop events, swing bled

Notable people

Notable people that were born or lived in the Bled include:

• Iztok Čop (born 1972), rower, multiple Olympic medalist
• Peter Florjančič (born 1919), inventor and Olympic athlete
• Špela Pretnar (born 1973), skier, Olympic athlete

International relations

Twin towns/Sister cities

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Slovenia

Bled is twinned with:

• Brixen (Bressanone), Italy
• Velden am Wörther See, Austria

See also

• St. Martin's Parish Church, Bled

References

External links

• Bled on Geopedia
• Official website

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 高齢者における抗凝固療法 anticoagulation in older adults
• 2. 下肢深部静脈血栓症：抗凝固療法の開始（～開始後10日） lower extremity deep venous thrombosis initiation of anticoagulation first 10 days
• 3. 下肢深部静脈血栓症：抗凝固療法の開始（開始後10日～3ヶ月） lower extremity deep venous thrombosis long term anticoagulation 10 days to three months
• 4. 静脈血栓塞栓症の患者における理論的根拠と無期限の抗凝固の適応 rationale and indications for indefinite anticoagulation in patients with venous thromboembolism
• 5. 下肢深部静脈血栓症の治療の概要 overview of the treatment of lower extremity deep vein thrombosis dvt

English Journal

• Pattern of atrial fibrillation and risk of outcomes: The Loire Valley Atrial Fibrillation Project.

• Banerjee A, Taillandier S, Olesen JB, Lane DA, Lallemand B, Lip GY, Fauchier L.SourceUniversity of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham B18 7QH, UK. Electronic address: a.banerjee.1@bham.ac.uk.
• International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2013 Sep 10;167(6):2682-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2012.06.118. Epub 2012 Jul 15.
• BACKGROUND: Risk of stroke and thromboembolism (TE) in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is categorised in stroke risk stratification scores. The role of pattern of NVAF in risk prediction is unclear in contemporary 'real world' cohorts.METHODS AND RESULTS: Patients with NVAF in
• PMID 22795403

• Development of a novel composite stroke and bleeding risk score in patients with atrial fibrillation: The AMADEUS study.

• Lip GY, Lane DA, Buller H, Apostolakis S.AbstractABSTRACT BACKGROUND The aim of the present analysis was to identify independent predictors of the overall clinical outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), including both stroke/thromboembolism and/or major bleeding. Given the overlap between stroke and bleeding risk factors, a composite risk stratification score for stroke/thromboembolism or bleeding could potentially be developed. METHODS We used data from the vitamin K antagonist (VKA) arm (n=2293; 65% men, mean age 70±9) of the AMADEUS trial, which was a multicentre, randomised, open-label non-inferiority study that compared fixed-dose idraparinux with VKA in AF patients. We defined two composite endpoints: Endpoint 1 was the sum of stroke/thromboembolism or major bleeding. Endpoint 2 was defined as the sum of stroke, systemic or venous embolism, myocardial infarction, cardiovascular death or major bleeding. RESULTS The independent predictors for composite endpoint 1 were age (p=0.014), previous stroke/TIA (p=0.049), aspirin use (p=0.002) and time in therapeutic range (TTR) (p=0.007). For composite endpoint 2, similar predictors were evident, plus LV dysfunction (p=0.011). Based on the regression models, two novel composite risk prediction scores were developed and externally validated in a 'real world' cohort of 441 anticoagulated outpatients with AF. Both composite scores 1 and 2 demonstrated numerically highest discriminatory performance (area under the curve[AUC] 0.728; 95%CI: 0.659-0.798 and AUC 0.707; 95%CI: 0.655-0.758, for endpoints 1 and 2 respectively), and positive net reclassification when compared to currently used risk models (CHADS2, CHA2DS2VASc, HAS-BLED), but the differences were not statistically significant. CONCLUSION We have developed and validated 2 novel composite scores for stroke/thromboembolism/ bleeding that offer good discriminatory and predictive performance. However, these composite risk scores did not perform better than the easier and more practical 'traditional' stroke and bleeding risk scores that are currently in use, which allow greater practically and more personalised balancing of risks.
• Chest.Chest.2013 Sep 5. doi: 10.1378/chest.13-1635. [Epub ahead of print]
• ABSTRACT BACKGROUND The aim of the present analysis was to identify independent predictors of the overall clinical outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF), including both stroke/thromboembolism and/or major bleeding. Given the overlap between stroke and bleeding risk factors, a composite r
• PMID 24009027

• Plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin d concentrations and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women.

• Millen AE, Hovey KM, Lamonte MJ, Swanson M, Andrews CA, Kluczynski MA, Genco RJ, Wactawski-Wende J.SourceDepartments of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY.
• Journal of periodontology.J Periodontol.2013 Sep;84(9):1243-56. doi: 10.1902/jop.2012.120445. Epub 2012 Dec 21.
• Background: Vitamin D has anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties that, together with its influence on bone health, may confer periodontal benefit. Methods: Cross-sectional associations (years 1997-2000) between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentration [25(OH)D] and periodontal measure were i
• PMID 23259413

Japanese Journal

• HAS-BLEDスコア(用語解説)

• 小谷 英太郎,新 博次
• 循環器専門医 : 日本循環器学会専門医誌 21(1), 70, 2013-03-25
• NAID 110009594972

• 絶食が高齢マウスの骨格筋肥大に及ぼす影響

• 山田 茂,大橋 文,尾関 彩 [他]
• 実践女子大学生活科学部紀要 50, 157-161, 2013-03-10
• … After theseventh day, groups of mice that ate a diet were fed for 6 days were bled under anesthesia, andwere sacrificed. …
• NAID 110009587677

• 先天性眼窩海綿静脈洞巨大血管腫の1例:外科的治療方法と時期, 待機中の内科的治療

• 藤森 健司,中戸川 裕一,鈴木 智,釼持 博昭,藤本 礼尚,稲永 親憲,山本 貴道,嘉鳥 信忠,杉浦 康仁,平松 久弥,木村 直弘,松林 正,田中 篤太郎
• Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 22(8), 632-636, 2013
•  6カ月女児. 胎児期に眼球とともに右眼窩外に脱出する血管腫を指摘され帝王切開で分娩. 生下時体重は2,400g. 画像的には右海綿静脈洞から連続する3×3.4×5.1cmの血管腫が眼窩外に突出. 日齢7より腫瘍の増大抑制の目的でpropranololを投与. 4カ月で体重が2.7倍時の腫瘍体積は2.1倍であった. 発達に伴う運動で出血の危険が高くなり6カ月, 体重7,430g時に外科的根治術. …
• NAID 130003379653

Related Links

• Bled

Bled Portal - a comprehensive overview of tourism Bled and its surroundings in one place. ... Bled Castle entry fee Perched atop a steep cliff rising 130 metres above the glacial Lake Bled is a symbol of Bled and Slovenia – Bled ...

• bleedの意味・用例｜英辞郎 on the WEB：アルク

変化形: bleeds, bleeding, bled bleed 【自動】 血が出る、出血 ｛しゅっけつ｝ する 〔液体などが〕流れ出る 〔染料などが〕にじむ 【文例】 〔戦闘 ｛せんとう｝ などで〕血を流す、重傷 ｛じゅうしょう｝ を負う 心を痛める、心痛 ｛しん ...

Related Pictures

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「bleed」
拡張検索	「disabled person」「self-assembled」「self-assembled monolayer」

「bleed」

　　[★]

• v.

• (過去-過去分詞bled)出血する

関

bleeding、haemorrhage、hemorrhage

　 　 　 　

「disabled person」

　　[★]

• 身体障害者

関

handicapped、physical disability、physically handicapped person

「self-assembled」

　　[★]

• 自己組織化した

関

self-assembly

「self-assembled monolayer」

　　[★]

自己組織化膜、自己集合膜