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In pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter.^[1]^[2] When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications. However, chemical compounds may show some adverse and toxic effects which may prevent their use in medical practice.

Activity is generally dosage-dependent. Further, it is common to have effects ranging from beneficial to adverse for one substance when going from low to high doses. Activity depends critically on fulfillment of the ADME criteria. To be an effective drug, a compound not only must be active against a target, but also possess the appropriate ADME (Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion) properties necessary to make it suitable for use as a drug.^[3]

Whereas a material is considered bioactive if it has interaction with or effect on any cell tissue in the human body, pharmacological activity is usually taken to describe beneficial effects, i.e. the effects of drug candidates as well as a substance's toxicity.

In the study of biomineralisation, bioactivity is often meant as the formation of calcium phosphate deposits on the surface of objects placed in simulated body fluid, a buffer solution with ion content similar to blood.

References

^ Etymology: Gk, bios, life; L, activus, with energy, Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. © 2009, Elsevier.
^ Miller-Keane Encyclopedia & Dictionary of Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Health, Seventh Edition. © 2003 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Inc.
^ A.Jagan Mohan Reddy, Manas Ranjan Barik,Gajendra L. Muli and Parthasarathy.T (2012). "Computational Approach for Designing and Development of Potent Inhibitor for Hepatitis - B Virus X- Associated Protein through Molecular Docking Studies". Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research 4 (1): 265–271.

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English Journal

Fungal strain matters: colony growth and bioactivity of the European medicinal polypores Fomes fomentarius, Fomitopsis pinicola and Piptoporus betulinus.

Dresch P1, D Aguanno MN2, Rosam K1, Grienke U3, Rollinger JM3, Peintner U1.
AMB Express.AMB Express.2015 Jan 24;5(1):4. eCollection 2015.
Polypores have been applied in traditional Chinese medicine up to the present day, and are becoming more and more popular worldwide. They show a wide range of bioactivities including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and immuno-enhancing effects. Their secondary metabolites have been the foc
PMID 25642401

Hydrogenolytic depolymerization of procyanidin polymers from hi-tannin sorghum bran.

Li Z1, Zeng J2, Tong Z2, Qi Y3, Gu L4.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Dec 1;188:337-42. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.05.021. Epub 2015 May 6.
Depolymerization of procyanidin polymers into oligomers enhances their bioavailability and bioactivity because oligomers are bioavailable. Hydrogenolysis was applied in this study to depolymerize hi-tannin sorghum bran procyanidin polymers into oligomers. The yield and composition of oligomers under
PMID 26041201

Effect-directed analysis of cold-pressed hemp, flax and canola seed oils by planar chromatography linked with (bio)assays and mass spectrometry.

Teh SS1, Morlock GE2.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2015 Nov 15;187:460-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.04.043. Epub 2015 Apr 21.
Cold-pressed hemp, flax and canola seed oils are healthy oils for human consumption as these are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids and bioactive phytochemicals. However, bioactive information on the food intake side is mainly focused on target analysis. For more comprehensive information with rega
PMID 25977051

Japanese Journal

Ethyl Cinnamate Derivatives as Promising High-Efficient Acaricides against Psoroptes cuniculi : Synthesis, Bioactivity and Structure–Activity Relationship