beta wave

WordNet

to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
recurring at regular intervals (同)regular recurrence
the basic rhythmic unit in a piece of music; "the piece has a fast rhythm"; "the conductor set the beat" (同)beat, musical rhythm
the arrangement of spoken words alternating stressed and unstressed elements; "the rhythm of Frosts poetry" (同)speech rhythm
second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
beets (同)genus Beta

PrepTutorEJDIC

《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
『かけ』・(…との)かけ《+『with』+『名』》 / かけた物(金) / かけの対象 / 〈金・物〉'を'『かける』 / (かけ事・ゲームなどで)〈人〉‘と'『かけをする』《+『名』〈人〉+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)『かける』《+『on』(『against』)+『名』(one's do『ing』)》
〈U〉『律動,リズム』;韻律 / 〈C〉(特定の)リズム
ベータ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第2文字;B,β;英語のB,b に遭当)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/24 22:50:35」(JST)

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Beta waves

Beta wave, or beta rhythm, is the term used to designate the frequency range of human brain activity between 12.5 and 30 Hz (12.5 to 30 transitions or cycles per second). Beta waves are split into three sections: Low Beta Waves (12.5–16 Hz, "Beta 1 power"); Beta Waves (16.5–20 Hz, "Beta 2 power"); and High Beta Waves (20.5–28 Hz, "Beta 3 power").^[1] Beta states are the states associated with normal waking consciousness. Beta waves can be quantified using Quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) using freely available toolboxes, such as, EEGLAB or the Neurophysiological Biomarker Toolbox.

Function

Low amplitude beta waves with multiple and varying frequencies are often associated with active, busy, or anxious thinking and active concentration.^[2]

Over the motor cortex beta waves are associated with the muscle contractions that happen in isotonic movements and are suppressed prior to and during movement changes.^[3] Bursts of beta activity are associated with a strengthening of sensory feedback in static motor control and reduced when there is movement change.^[4] Beta activity is increased when movement has to be resisted or voluntarily suppressed.^[5] The artificial induction of increased beta waves over the motor cortex by a form of electrical stimulation called Transcranial alternating-current stimulation consistent with its link to isotonic contraction produces a slowing of motor movements.^[6]

References

^ Rangaswamy M, Porjesz B, Chorlian DB, Wang K, Jones KA, Bauer LO, Rohrbaugh J, O'Connor SJ, Kuperman S, Reich T, Begleiter (2002). "Beta power in the EEG of alcoholics". BIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 52 (8): 831–842. PMID 12372655.
^ Baumeister J, Barthel T, Geiss KR, Weiss M (2008). "Influence of phosphatidylserine on cognitive performance and cortical activity after induced stress". NUTRITIONAL NEUROSCIENCE 11 (3): 103–110. doi:10.1179/147683008X301478. PMID 18616866.
^ Baker, SN (2007). "Oscillatory interactions between sensorimotor cortex and the periphery". Current Opinion in Neurobiology 17 (6): 649–55. doi:10.1016/j.conb.2008.01.007. PMC 2428102. PMID 18339546.
^ Lalo, E; Gilbertson, T; Doyle, L; Di Lazzaro, V; Cioni, B; Brown, P (2007). "Phasic increases in cortical beta activity are associated with alterations in sensory processing in the human". Experimental brain research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation cerebrale 177 (1): 137–45. doi:10.1007/s00221-006-0655-8. PMID 16972074.
^ Zhang, Y; Chen, Y; Bressler, SL; Ding, M (2008). "Response preparation and inhibition: the role of the cortical sensorimotor beta rhythm". Neuroscience 156 (1): 238–46. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.061. PMC 2684699. PMID 18674598.
^ Pogosyan, A; Gaynor, LD; Eusebio, A; Brown, P (2009). "Boosting cortical activity at Beta-band frequencies slows movement in humans". Current biology : CB 19 (19): 1637–41. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.07.074. PMC 2791174. PMID 19800236.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Chronic atrial fibrillation up-regulates β1-Adrenoceptors affecting repolarizing currents and action potential duration.

González de la Fuente M, Barana A, Gómez R, Amorós I, Dolz-Gaitón P, Sacristán S, Atienza F, Pita A, Pinto A, Fernández-Avilés F, Caballero R, Tamargo J, Delpón E.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.
Cardiovascular research.Cardiovasc Res.2013 Feb 1;97(2):379-88. doi: 10.1093/cvr/cvs313. Epub 2012 Oct 11.
AIMS: β-adrenergic stimulation has profound influence in the genesis and maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the effects of β-Adrenoceptor stimulation on repolarizing currents and action potential (AP) characteristics in human atrial myocytes from left (LAA) and right atrial appendag
PMID 23060133

Cortical rhythm of No-go processing in humans: An MEG study.

Nakata H, Sakamoto K, Otsuka A, Yumoto M, Kakigi R.SourceDepartment of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, Japan; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Tokorozawa, Japan. Electronic address: nakata@aoni.waseda.jp.
Clinical neurophysiology : official journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology.Clin Neurophysiol.2013 Feb;124(2):273-82. doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.06.019. Epub 2012 Aug 3.
OBJECTIVE: We investigated the characteristics of cortical rhythmic activity in No-go processing during somatosensory Go/No-go paradigms, by using magnetoencephalography (MEG).METHODS: Twelve normal subjects performed a warning stimulus (S1) - imperative stimulus (S2) task with Go/No-go paradigms. T
PMID 22863416

Evidence for a glucocorticoid receptor beta splice variant in the rat and its physiological regulation in liver.

Dubois DC, Sukumaran S, Jusko WJ, Almon RR.SourceDepartment of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA. Electronic address: dubois@buffalo.edu.
Steroids.Steroids.2013 Feb;78(2):312-20. doi: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.11.014. Epub 2012 Dec 19.
Glucocorticoids are important regulators of metabolism and immune function. Synthetic glucocorticoids are extensively used for immunosuppression/anti-inflammatory therapy. Since the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) is central to most hormone effects; its in vivo regulation will influence hormone/drug ac
PMID 23257260

Japanese Journal

松果体波長識別の分子基盤に関する分子生理学的解析と進化学的考察

山下（川野）絵美
比較生理生化学 32(1), 2-9, 2015
動物は，光を物の形や色を認識する「視覚」で利用するのに加え，生体リズムの制御などの様々な「視覚以外（非視覚）」の生理機能の調節に用いている。哺乳類を除く多くの脊椎動物において，非視覚の光受容には，松果体や脳深部などの，眼以外の光受容器官の関与が広く知られている。下等脊椎動物の松果体やその関連器官は、環境光の明暗だけでなく、波長成分（色）を検出できる（波長識別応答）。著者らは、ヤツメウナギ松果体にお …
NAID 130005062336

カルバコール誘導β振動によるてんかん波抑制(ニューロコンピューティングの実装及び人間科学のための解析・モデル化,一般)

澤田豊宏,夏目季代久
電子情報通信学会技術研究報告. NC, ニューロコンピューティング 113(382), 105-110, 2014-01-13
脳の神経細胞異常同期が原因と言われているてんかんには様々な治療法があるが未だ10%は難治性である。この時てんかん波が脳内では見られる。また記憶学習に関わるβ波も脳内で見られる脳波の一種である。本研究では記憶学習に関するβ波とてんかん発作時に見られるてんかん波を海馬スライスにおいて再現しβ波のてんかん波発生に対する作用を調べた。今回海馬スライスにコリン作動薬の一種であるカルバコールを投与しβ波のモデ …
NAID 110009825570

ニューロフィードバック法の適用に関する基礎的検討 : 言語報告における自己制御感の変容を中心に

篠田晴男,石井正博,鈴木浩太,丸田留美,田村英恵
立正大学心理学研究年報 (4), 13-20, 2013-03-30
… This study examines the effect of NFB training in subjective modification using qualitative analysis and in functional change using neurophysiological indexes Eight training sessions were conducted on a sample of 16 adult subjects, randomly divided into two groups （beta training and sensory motor rhythm （SMR） training）. … The beta/theta ratio increased because of repetition in training. …
NAID 120005422491