WordNet

to remain unmolested, undisturbed, or uninterrupted -- used only in infinitive form; "let her be"
work in a specific place, with a specific subject, or in a specific function; "He is a herpetologist"; "She is our resident philosopher" (同)follow
have life, be alive; "Our great leader is no more"; "My grandfather lived until the end of war" (同)live
be identical to; be someone or something; "The president of the company is John Smith"; "This is my house"
happen, occur, take place; "I lost my wallet; this was during the visit to my parents house"; "There were two hundred people at his funeral"; "There was a lot of noise in the kitchen"
have the quality of being; (copula, used with an adjective or a predicate noun); "John is rich"; "This is not a good answer"
occupy a certain position or area; be somewhere; "Where is my umbrella?" "The toolshed is in the back"; "What is behind this behavior?"
spend or use time; "I may be an hour"
stake on the outcome of an issue; "I bet $100 on that new horse"; "She played all her money on the dark horse" (同)wager, play
the act of gambling; "he did it on a bet" (同)wager
maintain with or as if with a bet; "I bet she will be there!" (同)wager
second in order of importance; "the candidate, considered a beta male, was perceived to be unable to lead his party to victory"
the 2nd letter of the Greek alphabet
preliminary or testing stage of a software or hardware product; "a beta version"; "beta software"
beets (同)genus Beta

PrepTutorEJDIC

《連結語として補語を伴なって…『である』,…だ,…です / 《位置・場所を表す語句を伴って》(…に)『ある』,いる(occupy a place or situation) / 〈物事が〉『存在する』,ある(exist);〈生物が〉生存する,生きている(live) / 行われる,起こる,発生する(take place, occur) / 存続する,そのままでいる(remain as before) / 《『be to』 do》 / …する予定である,…することになっている / …すべきだ / 《受動態の不定詞を伴って》…できる / 《命令》…するのだ / 《条件節に》…する意図がある / 《『if…were to』 do》…するとしたなら / 《『be』 do『ing』》《進行形》 / 《進行中の動作》…している,しつつある / 《近い未来》…しようとしている,するつもり / 《動作の反復》(いつも)…している / 《『be』+『他動詞の過去分詞』》《受動態》…される,されている / 《『be』+『自動詞の過去分詞』》《完了形》…した[状態にある]
『かけ』・(…との)かけ《+『with』+『名』》 / かけた物(金) / かけの対象 / 〈金・物〉'を'『かける』 / (かけ事・ゲームなどで)〈人〉‘と'『かけをする』《+『名』〈人〉+『on』+『名』》 / (…に)『かける』《+『on』(『against』)+『名』(one's do『ing』)》
ベータ(ギリシア語アルファベットの第2文字;B,β;英語のB,b に遭当)

UpToDate Contents

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1. β-ラクタマーゼ阻害剤、カルバペネム系、およびモノバクタム系抗菌薬の併用 combination beta lactamase inhibitors carbapenems and monobactams
2. 基質特異性拡張型β-ラクタマーゼ extended spectrum beta lactamases
3. β遮断剤中毒 beta blocker poisoning
4. 急性冠症候群のマネージメントにおけるβ遮断剤 beta blockers in the management of acute coronary syndrome
5. β遮断剤の主な副作用 major side effects of beta blockers

English Journal

The cataract-associated V41M mutant of human γS-crystallin shows specific structural changes that directly enhance local surface hydrophobicity.

Bharat SV1, Shekhtman A1, Pande J2.Author information 1Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States.2Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222, United States. Electronic address: jpande@albany.edu.AbstractThe major crystallins expressed in the human lens are γS-, γC- and γD-crystallins. Several mutations in γS-crystallin are associated with hereditary cataracts, one of which involves the substitution of a highly conserved Valine at position 41 to Methionine. According to a recent report, the mutant protein, V41M, shows lower stability and increased surface hydrophobicity compared to the wild-type, and a propensity for self-aggregation. Here we address the structural differences between the two proteins, with residue-level specificity using NMR spectroscopy. Based on the structural model of the mutant protein, our results clearly show that the mutation creates a major local perturbation almost at the junction of the first and second "Greek-key" motifs in the N-terminal domain. A larger section of the second motif (residues 44-86) appears to be mainly affected. Based on the sizeable chemical shift of the imino proton of the indole side-chain of Trp46 in V41M, we suggest that the sulphur atom of Met41 is involved in an S-π interaction with Trp46. This interaction would bring the last β-strand of the first "Greek-key" motif closer to the first β-strand of the second motif. This appears to lead to a domino effect, towards both the N- and C-terminal ends, even as it decays off substantially beyond the domain interface. During this process discreet hydrophobic surface patches are created, as revealed by ANS-binding. Such changes would not affect the secondary structure or cause a major change in the tertiary structure, but can lead to self-aggregation or aberrant binding interactions of the mutant protein in vivo, and lead to lens opacity or cataract.
Biochemical and biophysical research communications.Biochem Biophys Res Commun.2014 Jan 3;443(1):110-4. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.073. Epub 2013 Nov 25.
The major crystallins expressed in the human lens are γS-, γC- and γD-crystallins. Several mutations in γS-crystallin are associated with hereditary cataracts, one of which involves the substitution of a highly conserved Valine at position 41 to Methionine. According to a recent report, the muta
PMID 24287181

Time course label-free quantitative analysis of cardiac muscles of rats after myocardial infarction.

Li C, Qiu Q, Wang Y, Li P, Xiao C, Wang H, Lin Y, Wang W.Author information Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.AbstractHeart failure is a worldwide cause of mortality and morbidity and is the ultimate ending of a variety of complex diseases. This reflects our incomplete understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms and furthermore increases the complexity of the disease. To better understand the molecular mechanisms of heart failure, we investigated dynamic proteomic differences between the heart tissue of myocardial infarction rats and the rats in the sham group at days 4, 14, 28, 45 after operation. Using a label-free quantitative proteomic approach based on nanoscale ultra-performance liquid chromatography-ESI-MSE, 133 proteins were identified at the four time points in 8 groups. 13 non-redundant proteins changed dynamically after acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in rat left ventricular (LV) tissue, including cytoskeletal proteins, metabolic enzymes, oxidative stress related proteins and ion channel proteins. The network analysis showed that the differential protein might play an important role in lipid metabolism and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. The dynamic changes in the expression of beta-actin, alpha B-crystallin (CryAB), heat shock protein 8(HSP8), desmin and l-lactate dehydrogenase B (LDHB) were tested by the western-blot assay, and the results were consistent with the label-free quantitative proteomic results. Correlative analysis indicates that the CryAB and desmin have a better linear relation with heart function (ejection fraction) than cardiac troponin T (cTNT). Our results provide the first experimental evidence of the proteins that are differentially expressed following myocardial infarction, using time-course label-free quantitative proteomics in vivo without ischemia-reperfusion injury or myocardial ischemia. These differential functional proteins (especially CryAB and desmin) have different patterns during the myocardial infarction, which may partially account for the underlying mechanisms involved in cardiac rehabilitation.
Molecular bioSystems.Mol Biosyst.2014 Jan 2. [Epub ahead of print]
Heart failure is a worldwide cause of mortality and morbidity and is the ultimate ending of a variety of complex diseases. This reflects our incomplete understanding of its underlying molecular mechanisms and furthermore increases the complexity of the disease. To better understand the molecular mec
PMID 24382414

The importance of the last strand at the C-terminus in βB2-crystallin stability and assembly.

Zhang K, Zhao WJ, Leng XY, Wang S, Yao K, Yan YB.Author information Eye Center of the 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Medical College of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, China.AbstractCongenital cataract is the leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Investigations of the effects of inherited mutations on protein structure and function not only help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying congenital hereditary cataract, but also facilitate the study of complicated cataract and non-lens abnormities caused by lens-specific genes. In this research, we studied the effects of the V187M, V187E and R188H mutations on βB2-crystallin structure and stability using a combination of biophysical, cellular and molecular dynamic simulation analysis. Both V187 and R188 are located at the last strand of βB2-crystallin Greek-key motif 4. All of the three mutations promoted βB2-crystallin aggregation in vitro and at the cellular level. These three mutations affected βB2-crystallin quite differentially: V187M influenced the hydrophobic core of the C-terminal domain, V187E was a Greek-key motif breaker with the disruption of the backbone H-bonding network, while R188H perturbed the dynamic oligomeric equilibrium by dissociating the dimer and stabilizing the tetramer. Our results highlighted the importance of the last strand in the structural integrity, folding, assembly and stability of β-crystallins. More importantly, we proposed that the perturbation of the dynamic equilibrium between β-crystallin oligomers was an important mechanism of congenital hereditary cataract. The selective stabilization of one specific high-order oligomer by mutations might also be deleterious to the stability and folding of the β-crystalllin homomers and heteromers. The long-term structural stability and functional maintenance of β-crystallins are achieved by the precisely regulated oligomeric equilibrium.
Biochimica et biophysica acta.Biochim Biophys Acta.2014 Jan;1842(1):44-55. doi: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2013.10.001. Epub 2013 Oct 9.
Congenital cataract is the leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Investigations of the effects of inherited mutations on protein structure and function not only help us to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying congenital hereditary cataract, but also facilitate the study of compli
PMID 24120835

Japanese Journal

Antibodies to myelin basic protein, myelin oligodendrocytes peptides, alpha-beta-crystallin, lymphocyte activation and cytokine production in patients with multiple sclerosis