関: bermudagrass

WordNet

spread out clothes on the grass to let it dry and bleach
narrow-leaved green herbage: grown as lawns; used as pasture for grazing animals; cut and dried as hay
cover with grass (同)grass over
cover with grass; "The owners decided to grass their property"
feed with grass
shoot down, of birds
a group of islands in the Atlantic off the Carolina coast; British colony; a popular resort (同)Bermudas
trailing grass native to Europe now cosmopolitan in warm regions; used for lawns and pastures especially in southern United States and India (同)devil grass, Bahama grass, kweek, doob, scutch grass, star_grass, Cynodon dactylon
German writer of novels and poetry and plays (born 1927) (同)Gunter Grass, Gunter Wilhelm Grass

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉《集合的に》『草』;牧草;イネ科の植物 / 〈U〉『草地』;牧草地,芝生 / 〈U〉《俗》マリファナ(marijuana) / 〈C〉《英俗》密告者 / 〈人が〉仕事を離れて休養する / 〈人〉を休ませる,に暇を出す
バミューダ諸島(米国東方大西洋上にある英国植民地の群島;保養菅)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/06/27 18:06:14」(JST)

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Cynodon dactylon, also known as dūrvā grass, Dhoob, Bermuda grass, dubo, dog's tooth grass, Bahama grass, devil's grass, couch grass, Indian doab, arugampul, grama, and scutch grass, is a grass that originated in the Middle East.^[2] Although it is not native to Bermuda, it is an abundant invasive species there. It is presumed to have arrived in North America from Bermuda, resulting in its common name.^{[citation needed]}

Description

The blades are a grey-green colour and are short, usually 2–15 cm (0.79–5.91 in) long with rough edges.^[3] The erect stems can grow 1–30 cm (0.39–11.81 in) tall. The stems are slightly flattened, often tinged purple in colour.

The seed heads are produced in a cluster of two to six spikes together at the top of the stem, each spike 2–5 cm (0.79–1.97 in) long.^[3]

It has a deep root system; in drought situations with penetrable soil, the root system can grow to over 2 metres (6.6 ft) deep, though most of the root mass is less than 60 centimetres (24 in) under the surface. The grass creeps along the ground and roots wherever a node touches the ground, forming a dense mat. C. dactylon reproduces through seeds, runners, and rhizomes. Growth begins at temperatures above 15 °C (59 °F) with optimum growth between 24 and 37 °C (75 and 99 °F); in winter, the grass becomes dormant and turns brown. Growth is promoted by full sun and retarded by full shade, e.g., close to tree trunks.

Cultivation and uses

Cynodon dactylon is widely cultivated in warm climates all over the world between about 30° S and 30° N latitude, and that get between 625 and 1,750 mm (24.6 and 68.9 in) of rainfall a year (or less, if irrigation is available). It is also found in the U.S., mostly in the southern half of the country and in warm climates.

It is fast-growing and tough, making it popular and useful for sports fields, as when damaged it will recover quickly. It is a highly desirable turf grass in warm temperate climates, particularly for those regions where its heat and drought tolerance enable it to survive where few other grasses do. This combination makes it a frequent choice for golf courses in the southern and southeastern U.S. It has a relatively coarse-bladed form with numerous cultivars selected for different turf requirements. It is also highly aggressive, crowding out most other grasses and invading other habitats, and has become a hard-to-eradicate weed in some areas (it can be controlled somewhat with Triclopyr, Mesotrione, Fluazifop-p-butyl, and Glyphosate).^[4]^[5] This weedy nature leads some gardeners to give it the name of "devil grass".

Bermuda grass has been cultivated on saline soils in California's Central Valley which are too salt-damaged to support agricultural crops; it was successfully irrigated with saline water and used to graze cattle.^[6]^[7]

The hybrid variety 'Tifton 85', like some other grasses (e.g. sorghum), produces cyanide under certain conditions,^[8] and has been implicated in several livestock deaths (note that in several places this variety has been incorrectly reported as a genetically modified strain;^[9] actually it is a conventionally bred F₁ hybrid^[10]).

C. dactylon growing in Kaloko-Honokohau National Historical Park on the Island of Hawaiʻi

Varieties

Tifgreen (Most drought resistant)^[11]
Tifway
LaPaloma
Riviera
SR9554
Laprima
Veracruz
Wrangler
Yukon

References

^ "The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species".
^ Farsani TM, Etemadi N, Sayed-tabatabaei BE, Talebi M. Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) Using ISSR Markers. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(1):383-92.
^ ^a ^b Walker, Karen; Burrows, Geoff; McMahon, Lynne (2001). Bidgee bush : an identification guide to common native plant species of the south western slopes of New South Wales. Yarralumla, Australian Capital Territory: Greening Australia. p. 82. ISBN 1-875345-61-2. Retrieved 21 March 2010.
^ "Tenacity and Bermuda Control - LawnSite.com™ - Lawn Care & Landscaping Business Forum". Lawnsite.com. 2011. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
^ Teuton T.C., J.B. Unruh, B.J. Brecke, and G.L. Miller (2005). "Hybrid Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L) Pers. x C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy) Control with Glyphosate and Fluazifop-p-butyl". Applied Turfgrass Science. doi:10.1094/ATS-2005-0119-01-RS.
^ Kaffka, Stephen. "Can feedstock production for biofuels be sustainable in California?" (PDF). California Agriculture 63 (4): 202–207. doi:10.3733/ca.v063n04p202.
^ Stephen Kaffka, Stephen Grattan, Dennis Corwi, Maximo Alonso, and George E. Brown Jr. "Bermuda Grass Yield and Quality in Response to Different Salinity and N, Se, Mo, and B Rates in West San Joaquin Valley" (PDF). UC Center for Water Resources.
^ Provin, T. L.; Pitt, J. L. "Nitrates and Prussic Acid in Forages" (PDF). Texas A&M University System. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ CBS News (June 23, 2012). "GM grass linked to Texas cattle deaths". CBS News. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ Glenn W. Burton, Roger N. Gates, and Gary M. Hill. "TIFTON 85 BERMUDAGRASS". University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences. Retrieved June 24, 2012.
^ Shi H, Wang Y, Cheng Z, Ye T, Chan Z. Analysis of natural variation in bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) reveals physiological responses underlying drought tolerance. PLoS ONE. 2012;7(12):e53422.

External links

FAO.org Factsheet: Cynodon dactylon
Integrated Taxonomic Information System — Bermuda Grass (Cynodon dactylon)
Online Field guide to Common Saltmarsh Plants of Queensland

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

An ethnobotanical study of indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants used by the village peoples of Thoppampatti, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu, India.

Sivasankari B1, Anandharaj M2, Gunasekaran P3.Author information 1Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram 624302, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: birundhashankari@gmail.com.2Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram 624302, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India. Electronic address: anandharaj49@gmail.com.3Department of Biology, Gandhigram Rural Institute-Deemed University, Gandhigram 624302, Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India.AbstractETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medicinal plants in the Thoppampatti village, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu, India. There is urgency in recording such data to conserve the traditional medicinal plants. This is the first ethnobotanical study which records the traditional important medicinal plants of Thoppampatti village. To collect, analyze and evaluate the ethnopharmacologic knowledge in Thoppampatti village in order to protect it. This study reports the results of an ethnopharmacological survey on the uses of medicinal plants by inhabitants of the Thoppampatti.
Journal of ethnopharmacology.J Ethnopharmacol.2014 Apr 28;153(2):408-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.02.040. Epub 2014 Feb 27.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: This study provides significant ethnopharmacological information, both qualitative and quantitative on medicinal plants in the Thoppampatti village, Dindigul district, Tamilnadu, India. There is urgency in recording such data to conserve the traditional medicinal plan
PMID 24583241

Effect of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease on growth performance of Korean native goat (Capra hircus coreanae).

Jo NC1, Jung J, Kim JN, Lee J, Jeong SY, Kim W, Sung HG, Seo S.Author information 1Department of Animal Biosystem Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea.AbstractThe objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effects of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, hematological parameters and behavior in a ruminant animal, and 2) to investigate a possible strategy for reducing its adverse effect. A total of 12 Korean native goats (Capra hircus coreanae, 19.8 ± 2.9 kg) were used in a crossover design with 3 experimental periods and 3 treatments, randomized and balanced for counteracting possible carry-over effects. The treatments were 1) control, 2) co-injection with a commercially available dipyrone (CADI) and 3) supplementation with gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) at 10 g/kg in concentrate mix. Each period lasted 4 weeks, and the vaccination against FMD was carried out at 2 weeks after the start of each period. The goats were individually housed in a metabolic cage and fed ad libitum with a diet consisting of bermuda grass and commercial concentrate mix (6:4 [wt/wt]). Dry matter intake, ADG, nutrients digestibility, hematological parameters and behavioral activities of the goats were measured before and after vaccination. Although DMI was not decreased (P > 0.05), ADG was decreased by the vaccination to the goats (P < 0.01). The total number of leukocytes was increased while that of erythrocytes was decreased by the FMD vaccination (P < 0.01). The vaccination shortened standing time while extended lying time and the time spent in drinking (P < 0.05). The treatment by CADI reduced the adverse effect of vaccination on ADG and goat behavior compared with control and GABA treatment (P < 0.05). We concluded that the FMD vaccination decreased ADG of the goats without depression of diet intake, and CADI may attenuate the adverse effect of the FMD vaccination.
Journal of animal science.J Anim Sci.2014 Apr 8. [Epub ahead of print]
The objectives of this study were 1) to evaluate the effects of vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, hematological parameters and behavior in a ruminant animal, and 2) to investigate a possible strategy for reducing its adverse effect. A tot
PMID 24713163

Comparative digestibility by cattle versus sheep: Effect of forage quality.

Soto-Navarro SA1, Lopez R, Sankey C, Capitan BM, Holland BP, Balstad LA, Krehbiel CR.Author information 1Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces 88003.AbstractThe objective was to determine the effect of forage quality on apparent total tract digestibility and ruminal fermentation in cattle versus sheep. Five yearling English crossbred (Hereford × Angus) steers (440.4 ± 35.6 kg of initial BW) and 5 yearling whiteface (Rambouillet × Columbia × Debouillet) wethers (44.4 ± 4.6 kg of initial BW), each fitted with a ruminal cannula, were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 forage sources within ruminant specie, and the study was conducted over 3 periods. For forage source, both animal and period served as the blocking factor with all forage sources represented once within each animal and all forage sources represented at least once within each period. The treatment structure was arranged in a 2 × 3 factorial with ruminant species (2) and forage source (3) as the factors. Forage sources were 1) alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa; 17.5% CP and 34.1% NDF, DM basis), 2) warm-season grass hay mix (Bothriochloa ischaemum and Cynodon dactylon; 7.3% CP and 74.7% NDF, DM basis), and 3) lovegrass hay (Eragrostis curvula; 2.5% CP and 81.9% NDF, DM basis). As a percent of BW, steers and wethers consumed similar (P ≤ 0.06) amounts of forage, and intake was more influenced by forage quality (P < 0.001) than ruminant species (P = 0.35). When expressed per unit of metabolic BW, cattle consumed more (P < 0.001) DM, NDF, and N than sheep. Apparent total tract digestibility was similar among steers and wethers when alfalfa or grass hay was fed, but decreased to a greater extent in wethers when low-quality lovegrass hay was fed (ruminant species × diet interaction, P ≤ 0.01). Rate (%/h) of ruminal NDF disappearance was greater (P = 0.02) for alfalfa and grass hay than lovegrass, but was not influenced (P = 0.12) by ruminant species. In addition, ruminal DM fill was influenced more (P < 0.01) by forage than by ruminant species (P = 0.07). Steers and wethers had greater (P < 0.01) DM fill from grass hay and lovegrass hay than alfalfa before and 5 h after feeding. Ruminal VFA were generally not influenced (P ≥ 0.06) by ruminant specie. Results suggest that apparent total tract digestibilities are more similar among ruminant species when moderate- to high-quality forages are evaluated. However, sheep are not an adequate model for cattle when low-quality forages are compared because cattle digest low-quality forages to a greater extent than sheep. Expressing digestibility as digestible intake per unit of BW allows for a wider range of forage qualities to be compared when substituting sheep for cattle.
Journal of animal science.J Anim Sci.2014 Apr;92(4):1621-9. doi: 10.2527/jas.2013-6740. Epub 2014 Mar 18.
The objective was to determine the effect of forage quality on apparent total tract digestibility and ruminal fermentation in cattle versus sheep. Five yearling English crossbred (Hereford × Angus) steers (440.4 ± 35.6 kg of initial BW) and 5 yearling whiteface (Rambouillet × Columbia × Debouill
PMID 24663196

Japanese Journal

Molecular Characterization of White Leaf Phytoplasma Associated with the Graminae in Myanmar

Journal of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University 58(2), 225-229, 2013-09
NAID 120005326646

Evaluation of Molecular Basis of Cross Reactivity between Rye and Bermuda Grass Pollen Allergens

Allergology international : official journal of the Japanese Society of Allergology 58(4), 557-564, 2009-12-01
NAID 10027165670

和牛肥育における稲わら代替粗飼料としてのストロー系粗飼料給与について

愛知県農業総合試験場研究報告 (41), 105-110, 2009-12
NAID 40017054153

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「bermudagrass」「ギョウギシバ」
関連記事	「grass」

「bermudagrass」

Cynodon dactylon
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Genus:	Cynodon
Species:	C. dactylon
Binomial name
	Cynodon dactylon; (L.) Pers.
Synonyms
	List Agrostis bermudiana Tussac. ex Kunth nom. inval.; Agrostis filiformis J.Koenig ex Kunth nom. inval.; Agrostis linearis Retz.; Agrostis stellata Willd.; Capriola dactylon (L.) Kuntze; Capriola dactylon (L.) Hitchc.; Chloris cynodon Trin. nom. illeg.; Chloris maritima Trin.; Chloris paytensis Steud.; Cynodon affinis Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon aristiglumis Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon aristulatus Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon barberi f. longifolia Join; Cynodon decipiens Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon distichloides Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon erectus J.Presl; Cynodon glabratus Steud.; Cynodon grandispiculus Caro & E.A.Sánchez nom. inval.; Cynodon hirsutissimus (Litard. & Maire) Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon iraquensis Caro; Cynodon laeviglumis Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon linearis Willd.; Cynodon maritimus Kunth; Cynodon mucronatus Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon nitidus Caro & E.A.Sánchez; Cynodon occidentalis Willd. ex Steud. nom. inval.; Cynodon pascuus Nees; Cynodon pedicellatus Caro; Cynodon polevansii Stent; Cynodon portoricensis Willd. ex Steud. nom. inval.; Cynodon repens Dulac nom. illeg.; Cynodon sarmentosus Gray nom. illeg.; Cynodon scabrifolius Caro; Cynodon stellatus Willd.; Cynodon tenuis Trin.; Cynodon umbellatus (Lam.) Caro; Cynosurus dactylon (L.) Pers.; Cynosurus uniflorus Walter; Dactilon officinale Vill. nom. illeg.; Dactylus officinalis Asch. nom. inval.; Digitaria ambigua (Lapeyr. ex DC.) MÃ©rat; Digitaria dactylon (L.) Scop.; Digitaria glumaepatula (Steud.) Miq.; Digitaria glumipatula (Steud.) Miq.; Digitaria linearis (L.) Pers.; Digitaria linearis (Retz.) Spreng.; Digitaria littoralis Salisb. nom. illeg.; Digitaria maritima (Kunth) Spreng.; Digitaria stolonifera Schrad. nom. illeg.; Fibichia dactylon (L.) Beck; Fibichia umbellata Koeler nom. illeg.; Milium dactylon (L.) Moench; Panicum ambiguum (DC.) Le Turq.; Panicum dactylon L.; Panicum glumipatulum Steud.; Panicum lineare L.; Paspalum ambiguum DC.; Paspalum dactylon (L.) Lam.; Paspalum umbellatum Lam.; Phleum dactylon (L.) Georgi; Syntherisma linearis (L.) Nash; Vilfa linearis (Retz.) P.Beauv.; Vilfa stellata (Willd.) P.Beauv.; ;