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any compound containing a chlorine atom
any salt of hydrochloric acid (containing the chloride ion)

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塩化物

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/10/18 02:25:34」(JST)

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Benzethonium chloride, also known as hyamine is a synthetic quaternary ammonium salt. This compound is an odorless white solid, soluble in water. It has surfactant, antiseptic, and anti-infective properties, and it is used as a topical antimicrobial agent in first aid antiseptics. It is also found in cosmetics and toiletries such as mouthwashes, anti-itch ointments, and antibacterial moist towelettes. Benzethonium chloride is also used in the food industry as a hard surface disinfectant.^[1]

Uses

Antimicrobial

Benzethonium chloride exhibits a broad spectrum of microbiocidal activity against bacteria, fungi, mold and viruses. Independent testing shows that benzethonium chloride is highly effective against such pathogens as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Clostridium difficile, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, herpes simplex virus (HSV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and norovirus.^{[citation needed]}

The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) specifies that the safe and effective concentrations for benzethonium chloride are 0.1-0.2% in first aid products.^[2] Aqueous solutions of benzethonium chloride are not absorbed through the skin. It is not approved in the US and Europe for use as a food additive. Being a quaternary ammonium salt, it is more toxic than negatively charged surfactants.^[3] However, in a two-year study on rats, there was no evidence of carcinogenic activity.^[4]

It is available under trade names Salanine, BZT, Diapp, Quatrachlor, Polymine D, Phemithyn, Antiseptol, Disilyn, Phermerol, and others.^[5] It is also found in several grapefruit seed extract preparations^[6] and can be used as a preservative, such as in the anaesthetic Ketamine.^[7]

Other uses

In addition to its highly effective antimicrobial activity, benzethonium chloride contains a positively charged nitrogen atom covalently bonded to four carbon atoms. This positive charge attracts it to the skin and hair. This contributes to a soft, powdery afterfeel on the skin and hair, as well as long-lasting persistent activity against micro-organisms. Also, this positively charged hydrophilic part of the molecule makes it a cationic detergent.^[8]

Benzethonium chloride is also used to titrate the quantity of sodium dodecyl sulfate in a mixture of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, using dimidium bromide-sulphan blue as an indicator.^[9]

It precipitates as turbidity with anionic polymers in aqueous solution, allowing it to be used to estimate the amount of such polymers present in a sample. This test is used in commercial and industrial water treatment, where polyacrylates, polymaleates, and sulfonated polymers are commonly employed as dispersants.

Regulation

Some data has suggested that long-term exposure to antibacterial ingredients could contribute to bacterial resistance or hormonal effects. Furthermore, there is little evidence that the use of such ingredients in consumer soaps is actually more effective than plain soap and water. In September 2016, the Food and Drug Administration issued a ban on nineteen consumer antiseptic wash ingredients. A ruling on benzethonium chloride, along with two other similar ingredients, was deferred for a year to allow for more data collection.^[10]

References

^ Record in the Household Products Database of NLM
^ Tentative final monograph (21CFR 333) Archived May 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
^ Data Sheets
^ National Toxicology, Program (1995). "NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzethonium Chloride (CAS No. 121-54-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Dermal Studies)". National Toxicology Program technical report series. 438: 1–220. PMID 12595925.
^ Sciencelab.com, Benzethonium chloride MSDS
^ Takeoka, G.; Dao, L.; Wong, R. Y.; Lundin, R.; Mahoney, N. (2001). "Identification of Benzethonium Chloride in Commercial Grapefruit Seed Extracts". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 49 (7): 3316–20. PMID 11453769. doi:10.1021/jf010222w.
^ Coates, K. M.; Flood, P. (2001). "Ketamine and its preservative, benzethonium chloride, both inhibit human recombinant α7 and α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Xenopusoocytes". British Journal of Pharmacology. 134 (4): 871–9. PMC 1573008 . PMID 11606328. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704315.
^ TOXNET
^ European Pharmacopoeia 5.0 Monographs (PDF). European Pharmacopoeia Commission. p. 2440.
^ "FDA issues final rule on safety and effectiveness of antibacterial soaps". Food & Drug Administration. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved February 7, 2017.

UpToDate Contents

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4. 代謝性アルカローシスの病因 pathogenesis of metabolic alkalosis
5. 赤血球水分量の制御 control of red blood cell hydration

English Journal

Ototoxicity of aluminum acetate/benzethonium chloride otic solution in the chinchilla animal model.

Pitaro J, Mood ZA, Daniel SJ.SourceMcGill Auditory Sciences Laboratory, Division of Pediatric Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Montreal Children's Hospital, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2013 Aug 5. doi: 10.1002/lary.23904. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: To determine the ototoxic potential of aluminum acetate (0.5%)/benzethonium chloride (0.03%) otic solution in the chinchilla animal model.STUDY DESIGN: A randomized, prospective, controlled study was conducted in the chinchilla animal model.METHODS: Fourteen female chinchillas
PMID 23918745

Synthesis, self-aggregation and biological properties of alkylphosphocholine and alkylphosphohomocholine derivatives of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetylpyridinium bromide, benzalkonium bromide (C16) and benzethonium chloride.

Lukáč M, Mrva M, Garajová M, Mojžišová G, Varinská L, Mojžiš J, Sabol M, Kubincová J, Haragová H, Ondriska F, Devínsky F.SourceDepartment of Chemical Theory of Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, Comenius University, Kalinčiakova 8, 832 32 Bratislava, Slovakia. Electronic address: lukac@fpharm.uniba.sk.
European journal of medicinal chemistry.Eur J Med Chem.2013 Aug;66:46-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2013.05.033. Epub 2013 Jun 3.
A series of alkylphosphocholine and alkylphosphohomocholine derivatives of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide, cetylpyridinium bromide, benzalkonium bromide (C16) and benzethonium chloride have been synthesized. Their physicochemical properties were also investigated. The critical micelle concentration
PMID 23792315

Key role for efflux in the preservative susceptibility and adaptive resistance of Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria.

Rushton L, Sass A, Baldwin A, Dowson CG, Donoghue D, Mahenthiralingam E.SourceCardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom.
Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy.Antimicrob Agents Chemother.2013 Jul;57(7):2972-80. doi: 10.1128/AAC.00140-13. Epub 2013 Apr 15.
Bacteria from the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) are encountered as industrial contaminants, and little is known about the species involved or their mechanisms of preservative resistance. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) revealed that multiple Bcc species may cause contamination, with B. lata (
PMID 23587949

Japanese Journal

ベンゼトニウム塩化物、グルコン酸クロルヘキシジン、アクリノール水和物の舌処理による鼓索神経応答変化の比較

谷口敬祐,安松啓子,安尾敏明,式守道夫,硲哲崇
日本味と匂学会誌 = The Japanese journal of taste and smell research 19(3), 329-332, 2012-12-01
NAID 10031172417

P-027 ベンゼトニウム塩化物、グルコン酸クロルヘキシジン、アクリノール水和物の舌処理による鼓索神経応答変化の比較(ポスターセッション,2012年度日本味と匂学会第46回大会)

谷口敬祐,安松啓子,安尾敏明 [他],式守道夫,硲哲崇
日本味と匂学会誌 19(3), 329-332, 2012-12
NAID 110009578267

アドミセルクロマトグラフィーにおける薬剤成分の分離挙動

奥村量征,伊藤暁哉,齋藤徹 [他],平出正孝
分析化学 = Japan analyst 61(8), 719-722, 2012-08-05
… Admicellar columns were prepared by passing acetonitrile solutions containing dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride (DTAC) through a silica gel column (Mightysil Si 60). … For example, benzalkonium chloride was separated from benzethonium chloride with the use of 1.0% DTAC in 20% acetonitrile at pH 6. …
NAID 10030495368

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ベンゼトニウム」
関連記事	「benzethonium」「chloride」

「ベンゼトニウム」

Benzethonium chloride
Names
	Preferred IUPAC name N-Benzyl-N,N-dimethyl-2-{2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy}ethanaminium chloride
	Systematic IUPAC name Benzyldimethyl(2-{2-[4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenoxy]ethoxy}ethyl)azanium chloride
Identifiers
CAS Number	121-54-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image; Interactive image;
Beilstein Reference	3898548
ChEBI	CHEBI:31264 ;
ChemSpider	8165 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.004.073
EC Number	204-479-9
KEGG	D01140 ;
MeSH	Benzethonium
PubChem CID	8478;
RTECS number	BO7175000
UNII	PH41D05744 ;
UN number	2923
	InChI InChI=1S/C27H42NO2.ClH/c1-26(2,3)22-27(4,5)24-13-15-25(16-14-24)30-20-19-29-18-17-28(6,7)21-23-11-9-8-10-12-23;/h8-16H,17-22H2,1-7H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 Key: UREZNYTWGJKWBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M ; InChI=1/C27H42NO2.ClH/c1-26(2,3)22-27(4,5)24-13-15-25(16-14-24)30-20-19-29-18-17-28(6,7)21-23-11-9-8-10-12-23;/h8-16H,17-22H2,1-7H3;1H/q+1;/p-1 Key: UREZNYTWGJKWBI-REWHXWOFAF ;
	SMILES [Cl-].CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)c1ccc(OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)Cc2ccccc2)cc1 ; [Cl-].CC(C)(C)CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(OCCOCC[N+](C)(C)CC2=CC=CC=C2)C=C1 ;
Properties
Chemical formula	C27H42ClNO2
Molar mass	448.09 g·mol−1
Melting point	163 °C (325 °F; 436 K)
Solubility in water	40 g dm−3 (at 20 °C)
Pharmacology
ATC code	D08AJ08 (WHO) R02AA09 (WHO)
Routes of; administration	topical
Legal status	US: OTC;
Hazards
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	Danger
GHS hazard statements	H301, H314, H400
GHS precautionary statements	P273, P280, P305+351+338, P310
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
	verify (what is ?)
	Infobox references

　　[★]

英: benzethonium
化: 塩化ベンゼトニウム, benzethonium chloride
商: ネオステリン、ビーゾカイン、エンゼトニン、ハイアミン、ベゼトン
関: 逆性石鹸、消毒液。その他の歯科口腔用薬

「benzethonium」

　　[★]

ベンゼトニウム

関: benzethonium chloride

「chloride」

　　[★] 塩素イオン　　　

[1] Record in the Household Products Database of NLM

[2] Tentative final monograph (21CFR 333) Archived May 22, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.

[3] Data Sheets

[4] National Toxicology, Program (1995). "NTP Toxicology and Carcinogenesis Studies of Benzethonium Chloride (CAS No. 121-54-0) in F344/N Rats and B6C3F1 Mice (Dermal Studies)". National Toxicology Program technical report series. 438: 1–220. PMID 12595925.

[5] Sciencelab.com, Benzethonium chloride MSDS

[6] Takeoka, G.; Dao, L.; Wong, R. Y.; Lundin, R.; Mahoney, N. (2001). "Identification of Benzethonium Chloride in Commercial Grapefruit Seed Extracts". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 49 (7): 3316–20. PMID 11453769. doi:10.1021/jf010222w.

[7] Coates, K. M.; Flood, P. (2001). "Ketamine and its preservative, benzethonium chloride, both inhibit human recombinant α7 and α4β2 neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in Xenopusoocytes". British Journal of Pharmacology. 134 (4): 871–9. PMC 1573008 . PMID 11606328. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0704315.

[8] TOXNET

[euro_pharmacopoeia-9] European Pharmacopoeia 5.0 Monographs (PDF). European Pharmacopoeia Commission. p. 2440.

[10] "FDA issues final rule on safety and effectiveness of antibacterial soaps". Food & Drug Administration. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved February 7, 2017.

v t e Antiseptics and disinfectants (D08)
Acridine derivatives	Ethacridine lactate 9-Aminoacridine Euflavine
Biguanides and amidines	Dibrompropamidine Chlorhexidine^# Propamidine Hexamidine Polihexanide
Phenol and derivatives	Hexachlorophene Policresulen Phenol Triclosan Triclocarban Chloroxylenol^# Biphenylol Fenticlor
Nitrofuran derivatives	Nitrofurazone
Iodine products	Iodine/octylphenoxypolyglycolether Povidone-iodine^# Diiodohydroxypropane
Quinoline derivatives	Dequalinium Chlorquinaldol Oxyquinoline Clioquinol
Quaternary ammonium compounds	Benzalkonium Benzethonium chloride Cetrimonium (bromide/chloride) Cetylpyridinium Cetrimide Benzoxonium chloride Didecyldimethylammonium chloride
Mercurial products	Mercuric amidochloride Phenylmercuric borate Mercuric chloride Merbromin Thiomersal Mercuric iodide
Silver compounds	Silver nitrate
Alcohols	Propanol (propyl alcohol) Isopropanol (isopropyl alcohol) Ethanol (ethyl alcohol)^#
Other	Potassium permanganate Sodium hypochlorite Hydrogen peroxide Eosin Tosylchloramide Octenidine dihydrochloride
^#WHO-EM ^‡Withdrawn from market Clinical trials: ^†Phase III ^§Never to phase III

v t e Throat preparations (R02)
Antiseptics	Acriflavinium chloride Ambazone Amylmetacresol Benzalkonium Benzethonium Cetrimonium (bromide/chloride) Cetylpyridinium Chlorhexidine Chlorquinaldol Dequalinium Dichlorobenzyl alcohol Hexamidine Hexylresorcinol Myristyl-benzalkonium Oxyquinoline Phenol Povidone-iodine
Antibiotics	Bacitracin Fusafungine Gramicidin Neomycin Tyrothricin
Local anesthetics	Benzocaine Cocaine Dyclonine Lidocaine
Other	Flurbiprofen

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案内

benzethonium chloride