扁桃体基底外側部
WordNet
- an almond-shaped neural structure in the anterior part of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum; intimately connected with the hypothalamus and the hippocampus and the cingulate gyrus; as part of the limbic system it plays an important role in motivation and (同)amygdaloid_nucleus, corpus amygdaloideum
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/05/20 06:45:37」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Coronal section of brain through intermediate mass of third ventricle. Amygdala is shown in purple.
The basolateral complex consists of the lateral, basal and accessory-basal nuclei of the amygdala. The lateral nuclei receives that majority of sensory information, which arrives directly from the temporal lobe structures, including the hippocampus and primary auditory cortex. The information is then processed by the basolateral complex and is sent as output to the centromedial nucleus of the amygdala. This is how most emotional arousal is formed in mammals.[1]
The primary function of the basolateral complex is stimulating fear response. The fear system is intended to avoid pain or injury. For this reason the responses must be quick, and reflex-like. To achieve this, the “low-road” or a bottom-up process is used to generate a response to stimuli that are potentially hazardous. The stimulus reaches the thalamus, and information is passed to the lateral nucleus, then the basolateral system, and immediately to the central nucleus where a response is then formed. There is no conscious cognition involved in these responses. Other non-threatening stimuli are processed via the “high road” or a top-down form of processing.[2] In this case, the stimulus input reaches the sensory cortex first, leading to more conscious involvement in the response. This is why in immediately threatening situations, such as your little brother jumping out at you, responses are reflexive, and conscious thought processing doesn’t occur until later.[3]
An important process that occurs in basolateral amygdala is consolidation of cued fear memory. One proposed molecular mechanism for this process is collaboration of M1-Muscarinic receptors, D5 receptors and beta-2 adrenergic receptors to redundantly activate phospholipase C, which inhibits the activity of KCNQ channels[4] that conduct inhibitory M current.[5] The neuron then become more excitable and the consolidation of memory is enhanced.[4]
The amygdala has several different nuclei and internal pathways; the basolateral complex (or basolateral amygdala), the centromedial nucleus, and the cortical nucleus are the most well-known. Each of these has a unique function and purpose within the amygdala.
References
- ^ Baars, B. J, Gage, N. M. (2010). Cognition, Brain, and Consciousness: introduction to cognitive neuroscience second edition. Academic Press. Burlington MA
- ^ Breedlove, S., Watson, N. (2013). Biological Psychology: an introduction to behavioral cognitive, and clinical neuroscience Seventh edition. Sinauer Associates, inc. Sunderland: MA.
- ^ Smith, C., & Kirby, L., (2001). Toward delivering on the promise of appraisal theory. In K. R. Scherer, a. Schorr, & T. Johnstone (Eds.), Apraisal processes in emotion : Theory, methods, research. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- ^ a b Young, M. B.; Thomas, S. A. (2014). "M1-muscarinic receptors promote fear memory consolidation via phospholipase C and the M-current". Journal of Neuroscience 34 (5): 1570–8. doi:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1040-13.2014. PMC 3905134. PMID 24478341.
- ^ Schroeder, B. C.; Hechenberger, M; Weinreich, F; Kubisch, C; Jentsch, T. J. (2000). "KCNQ5, a novel potassium channel broadly expressed in brain, mediates M-type currents". Journal of Biological Chemistry 275 (31): 24089–95. doi:10.1074/jbc.M003245200. PMID 10816588.
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Modulation of the effects of the cannabinoid agonist, ACPA, on spatial and non-spatial novelty detection in mice by dopamine D1 receptor drugs infused into the basolateral amygdala.
- Mohammadi M1, Nasehi M2, Zarrindast MR3.
- Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2015 Mar 1;280:36-44. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.11.003. Epub 2014 Dec 2.
- AIM: The amygdala is a major target of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and is implicated in learning and memory processes. This study investigates the effect of basolateral amygdale (BLA) dopamine receptors on spatial and non-spatial novelty detection deficit, induced by a selective CB1 cannabinoid re
- PMID 25476564
- Activation of 5-HT2a receptors in the basolateral amygdala promotes defeat-induced anxiety and the acquisition of conditioned defeat in Syrian hamsters.
- Clinard CT1, Bader LR2, Sullivan MA2, Cooper MA2.
- Neuropharmacology.Neuropharmacology.2015 Mar;90:102-12. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.11.016. Epub 2014 Nov 29.
- Conditioned defeat is a model in Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus) in which normal territorial aggression is replaced by increased submissive and defensive behavior following acute social defeat. The conditioned defeat response involves both a fear-related memory for a specific opponent as well
- PMID 25458113
- Amygdala NRG1-ErbB4 Is Critical for the Modulation of Anxiety-Like Behaviors.
- Bi LL1, Sun XD2, Zhang J3, Lu YS4, Chen YH3, Wang J3, Geng F3, Liu F4, Zhang M3, Liu JH3, Li XW3, Mei L2, Gao TM3.
- Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology.Neuropsychopharmacology.2015 Mar;40(4):974-86. doi: 10.1038/npp.2014.274. Epub 2014 Oct 13.
- Anxiety disorder is related to the pathophysiology of psychiatric diseases, including major depression, substance abuse, and schizophrenia. The amygdala is important for manifestation and modulation of anxiety. However, relatively little is known regarding the mechanisms that control the amygdala in
- PMID 25308353
Japanese Journal
- Early deprivation induces competitive subordinance in C57BL/6 male mice
- Benner Seico,Endo Toshihiro,Endo Nozomi,Kakeyama Masaki,Tohyama Chiharu
- Physiology & Behavior 137, 42-52, 2014-10
- … Analyzing gene expression changes in brain regions controlling emotion, stress, spatial memory, and executive function revealed reduced BDNF and c-Fos in hippocampal CA1, enhanced c-Fos in the basolateral amygdala, reduced Map2 while enhanced HSD11β2 in prefrontal cortex of ED males. …
- NAID 120005496569
- 恐怖の古典的条件づけと扁桃体 : LeDouxモデルの再考と今後の展望
- 田積 徹
- 人間科学研究 34, 73-84, 2013-03-01
- … According to LeDoux's conceptual model of classical fear conditioning, the lateral nucleus of the amygdala (LA) is the input site of the auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) and somatosensory unconditioned stimulus (US). … This associative information is then relayed to the central nucleus (CE) either directly or indirectly via the basolateral and basomedial nuclei. …
- NAID 110009602880
- Synaptic Modulation via Basolateral Amygdala on the Rat Hippocampus–Medial Prefrontal Cortex Pathway in Fear Extinction
- , , [他], , , , ,
- Journal of Pharmacological Sciences 123(3), 267-278, 2013
- … The present study elucidated the functional role of modulatory effects of basolateral amygdala (BLA) on synaptic transmission in the rat hippocampus–medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway, compared with the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG). …
- NAID 130003382607
Related Links
- Recent rodent research has shown that the basolateral amygdala (BLA) inhibits unconditioned, or innate, fear. It is, however, unknown whether the BLA acts in similar ways in humans. In a group of five subjects with a ...
- 2.1. The basolateral Amygdala Principal glutamatergic neurons in the BLA are the amygdaloid equivalent of hippocampal and cortical pyramidal neurons. They constitute the majority (80–85%) of the BLA neuronal population and ...
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- basolateral amygdala, BLA
- 関
- 扁桃体
[★]
- 関
- basal surface