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関: atlantoaxial

WordNet

situated on or along or in the direction of an axis
of or relating to or resembling an axis of rotation

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/04/15 08:33:05」(JST)

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The atlantoaxial joint is a joint in the upper part of the neck between the first and second cervical vertebrae; the atlas and axis.

The atlantoaxial joint is of a complicated nature. It consists of no fewer than four distinct joints.^{[citation needed]}

There is a pivot articulation between the odontoid process of the axis and the ring formed by the anterior arch and the transverse ligament of the atlas.

Lateral and median joints

There are two atlantoaxial joints: median and lateral:^[1]

The median atlantoaxial joint is sometimes considered a double joint:^[2]
- one between the posterior surface of the anterior arch of atlas and the front of the odontoid process
- one between the anterior surface of the ligament and the back of the odontoid process

The lateral atlantoaxial joint involves the lateral mass of atlas and axis.^[3] Between the articular processes of the two bones there is on either side an arthrodial or gliding joint.

Ligaments

The ligaments connecting these bones are:

Articular capsules
Anterior atlantoaxial ligament
Posterior atlantoaxial ligament
Transverse ligament of the atlas

The atlantoaxial joint in common terminology is actually a composition of three: two lateral and one median atlantoaxial joints. Because of its proximity to the brain stem and importance in stabilization, fracture or injury at this level can be catastrophic. Common trauma and pathologies include (but are not limited to):

The Dens: significant depression on the skull can push the dens into the brainstem, causing death. The dens itself is vulnerable to fracture due to trauma or ossification.

Transverse ligament: Should the transverse ligament of the atlas fail due to trauma or disease, the dens is no longer anchored and can travel up the cervical spine, causing paralysis. If it reaches the medulla death can result. Alar ligaments: stress or trauma can stretch the weaker alar ligaments, causing an increase in range of motion of approximately 30%.

Posterior atlanto-occipital membrane: genetic traits can sometimes result in ossification, turning the groove into an foramen.

Capsule

The atlantoaxial articular capsules are thick and loose, and connect the margins of the lateral masses of the atlas with those of the posterior articular surfaces of the axis.

Each is strengthened at its posterior and medial part by an accessory ligament, which is attached below to the body of the axis near the base of the odontoid process, and above to the lateral mass of the atlas near the transverse ligament.

References

^ Federative Committee on Anatomical Terminology (1998). Terminologia anatomica: international anatomical terminology. Thieme. pp. 27–. ISBN 978-3-13-114361-7. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
^ Carmine D. Clemente (2010). Clemente's Anatomy Dissector. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. pp. 361–. ISBN 978-1-60831-384-6. Retrieved 17 June 2010.
^ "Lateral atlantoaxial joint". Medcyclopaedia. GE. Archived from the original on 2012-02-05.

Bibliography

Dalley, Arthur F; Moore, Keith L. Clinically Oriented Anatomy Fourth Edition. Baltimore. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1992.
Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy &Physiology: the Unity of Form and Function. New York. McGraw Hill, 2007.

External links

Anatomy diagram: 25420.000-1 at Roche Lexicon - illustrated navigator, Elsevier

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English Journal

Outcomes Following Arthrodesis for Atlanto-Axial Osteoarthritis.

Kang DG1, Lehman RA Jr, Wagner SC, Peters C, Riew KD.
Spine.Spine (Phila Pa 1976).2017 Mar;42(5):E294-E303. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000001783.
PMID 28244970

Ocular manifestation of a cervical spine injury; an adult case of traumatic atlanto-axial rotatory subluxation presenting with Nystagmus.

Eghbal K, Derakhshan N, Haghighat A; Orthospine fellowship.
World neurosurgery.World Neurosurg.2017 Feb 22. pii: S1878-8750(17)30237-1. doi: 10.1016/j.wneu.2017.02.064. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 28254538

Bicortical facet screws as a new option for posterior C2 fixation: anatomical study and clinical experience.

Rusconi A1, Freitas-Olim E2, Coloma P2, Messerer R2, Barrey C2.
European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society.Eur Spine J.2017 Feb 15. doi: 10.1007/s00586-017-4997-7. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 28204927

Japanese Journal

Prevalence of and Risk Factors for the Progression of Upper Cervical Lesions in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Horita Masahiro,Nishida Keiichiro,Hashizume Kenzo,Sugimoto Yoshihisa,Nasu Yoshihisa,Nakahara Ryuichi,Harada Ryozo,Ozaki Toshifumi
Acta Medica Okayama 73(3), 235-240, 2019-06
… The UCLs included atlanto-axial subluxation and vertical subluxation. …
NAID 120006648002

Late Subaxial Lesion after Overcorrected Occipitocervical Reconstruction in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis

Iwata Akira,Abumi Kuniyoshi,Takahata Masahiko,Sudo Hideki,Yamada Katsuhisa,Endo Tsutomu,Iwasaki Norimasa
Asian spine journal 13(2), 181-188, 2019-04
… Occipito-atlanto-axial (O-C2) reconstruction was performed for 89 patients, and occipito-subaxial cervical (O-under C2) reconstruction was performed for 24 patients. …
NAID 120006628711

Endovascular One-stage Bilateral Vertebral Artery Occlusion for a Patient with Atlanto-axial Fracture Associated with Bilateral Vertebral Artery Injury

Hashiguchi Mitsuru,Fujita Atsushi,Shiomi Ryoji,Ikeda Mitsuru,Morikawa Masashi,Kohmura Eiji
JNET : journal of neuroendovascular therapy : official journal of the Japanese Society for Neuroendovascular Therapy 11(4), 209-213, 2017-04
NAID 40021167667

Related Pictures

What is the name of this joint? Median atlanto-axial joint at 31 mm Atlantoaxial instability Subluxation Dislocation at atlanto-axial joint Atlanto Axial joint anatomy Articulação Atlanto-Axial

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「環軸」「環軸椎」「atlantoaxial」
拡張検索	「atlanto-axial subluxation」
関連記事	「axial」

「環軸」

Atlantoaxial joint
	Anterior atlantooccipital membrane and atlantoaxial ligament
	Posterior atlantooccipital membrane and atlantoaxial ligament
Details
Latin	Articulatio atlantoaxialis mediana, articulatio atlantoaxialis lateralis
Identifiers
Gray's	p.292
MeSH	A02.835.583.097
Dorlands; /Elsevier	12160952
TA	A03.2.04.001; A03.2.05.001
FMA	25524
	Anatomical terminology