astern

　 　 　

WordNet

1. stern foremost or backward; "the steamer went astern at half speed"
2. (of a ship or an airplane) behind; "we dropped her astern on the end of a seven-inch manilla, and she laid comfortably on the ebb tide"
3. of a region of the United States generally including Alabama; Georgia; Florida; Tennessee; South Carolina; North Carolina
4. common forest tree of the eastern United States and Canada; used especially for pulpwood (同)Canadian hemlock, spruce_pine, Tsuga canadensis
5. small striped semiterrestrial eastern American squirrel with cheek pouches (同)hackee, striped squirrel, ground_squirrel, Tamias striatus
6. a kind of gorilla (同)Gorilla gorilla grauri
7. any of various chiefly fall-blooming herbs of the genus Aster with showy daisylike flowers
8. star-shaped structure formed in the cytoplasm of a cell having fibers like rays that surround the centrosome during mitosis

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (海事用語で)船尾に(へ);後方へ
2. 南東の,南東へ向かう / (風が)南東からの / 南東部特有の
3. アスター,エゾギク(庭に植えるキク科の一年草)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/05/08 23:33:51」(JST)

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"Aloft" redirects here. For hotel brand, see Aloft Hotels.

This list of ship directions explains dozens of related terms such as fore, aft, astern, aboard, or topside. For background, see below: Origins.

• abaft: at or toward the stern of a ship, or further back from a location.
• aboard: onto or within a ship, or in a group.
• above: a higher deck of the ship.
• aft: toward the stern of a ship.
• adrift: floating in the water without propulsion.
• aground: resting on the shore or wedged against the sea floor.
• ahull: with sails furled and helm lashed alee.
• alee: on or toward the lee (the downwind side).
• aloft: the stacks, masts, rigging, or other area above the highest solid structure.
• amidships: near the middle part of a ship.
• aport: toward the port side of a ship (opposite of "astarboard").
• ashore: on or towards the shore or land.
• astarboard: toward the starboard side of a ship (opposite of "aport").
• astern: toward the rear of a ship (opposite of "forward").
• athwartships: toward the sides of a ship.
• aweather: toward the weather or windward side of a ship.
• aweigh: just clear of the sea floor, as with an anchor.
• below: a lower deck of the ship.
• belowdecks: inside or into a ship, or down to a lower deck.
• bilge: the underwater part of a ship between the flat of the bottom and the vertical topsides
• bottom: the lowest part of the ship's hull.
• bow (or stem): front of a ship (opposite of "stern")
• centerline: an imaginary, central line drawn from the bow to the stern.
• fore or forward: at or toward the front of a ship or further ahead of a location (opposite of "aft")
• inboard: attached inside the ship.
• keel: the bottom structure of a ship's hull.
• leeward: side or direction away from the wind (opposite of "windward").
• on deck: to an outside or muster deck (as "all hands on deck").
• on board: somewhere on board the ship.
• outboard: attached outside the ship.
• port: the left side of the ship, facing forward (opposite of "starboard").
• starboard: the right side of the ship, when facing forward (opposite of "port").
• stern: the rear of a ship (opposite of "bow").
• topside: on the ship's main weather deck.
• underdeck: a lower deck of a ship.
• yardarm: an end of a yard spar below a sail.
• waterline: where the water surface meets the ship's hull.
• weather: side or direction from which wind blows (same as "windward").
• windward: side or direction from which wind blows (opposite of "leeward").

Origins

Many terms used in shipping and boating are nearly 400 years old or older, while others originated in the 19th century. Some origins have been traced to the exact year:

• First use of "astern": c.1571
• First use of "aport": 1627
• First use of "astarboard": 1630
• First use of "abaft": 15th century
• First use of "aboard": 14th century
• First use of "aft": 1816
• First use of "outboard": 1823
• First use of "inboard": 1830
• First use of "belowdecks": 1897.

The word "ahoy" is not a direction, but rather an interjection used to hail a person or ship, or to attract attention. See the linked sources, below, for more details.

See also

• Port and starboard - explanation, with signal lights, and history
• Deck (ship) - defines the various decks on ships
• Glossary of nautical terms - list of over 2,400 nautical words or phrases

References

English Journal

• The Pluto system: Initial results from its exploration by New Horizons.

• Stern SA, Bagenal F, Ennico K, Gladstone GR, Grundy WM, McKinnon WB, Moore JM, Olkin CB, Spencer JR, Weaver HA, Young LA, Andert T, Andrews J, Banks M, Bauer B, Bauman J, Barnouin OS, Bedini P, Beisser K, Beyer RA, Bhaskaran S, Binzel RP, Birath E, Bird M, Bogan DJ, Bowman A, Bray VJ, Brozovic M, Bryan C, Buckley MR, Buie MW, Buratti BJ, Bushman SS, Calloway A, Carcich B, Cheng AF, Conard S, Conrad CA, Cook JC, Cruikshank DP, Custodio OS, Dalle Ore CM, Deboy C, Dischner ZJ, Dumont P, Earle AM, Elliott HA, Ercol J, Ernst CM, Finley T, Flanigan SH, Fountain G, Freeze MJ, Greathouse T, Green JL, Guo Y, Hahn M, Hamilton DP, Hamilton SA, Hanley J, Harch A, Hart HM, Hersman CB, Hill A, Hill ME, Hinson DP, Holdridge ME, Horanyi M, Howard AD, Howett CJ, Jackman C, Jacobson RA, Jennings DE, Kammer JA, Kang HK, Kaufmann DE, Kollmann P, Krimigis SM, Kusnierkiewicz D, Lauer TR, Lee JE, Lindstrom KL, Linscott IR, Lisse CM, Lunsford AW, Mallder VA, Martin N, McComas DJ, McNutt RL Jr, Mehoke D, Mehoke T, Melin ED, Mutchler M, Nelson D, Nimmo F, Nunez JI, Ocampo A, Owen WM, Paetzold M, Page B, Parker AH, Parker JW, Pelletier F, Peterson J, Pinkine N, Piquette M, Porter SB, Protopapa S, Redfern J, Reitsema HJ, Reuter DC, Roberts JH, Robbins SJ, Rogers G, Rose D, Runyon K, Retherford KD, Ryschkewitsch MG, Schenk P, Schindhelm E, Sepan B, Showalter MR, Singer KN, Soluri M, Stanbridge D, Steffl AJ, Strobel DF, Stryk T, Summers ME, Szalay JR, Tapley M, Taylor A, Taylor H, Throop HB, Tsang CC, Tyler GL, Umurhan OM, Verbiscer AJ, Versteeg MH, Vincent M, Webbert R, Weidner S, Weigle GE 2nd, White OL, Whittenburg K, Williams BG, Williams K, Williams S, Woods WW, Zangari AM, Zirnstein E.
• Science (New York, N.Y.).Science.2015 Oct 16;350(6258):aad1815. doi: 10.1126/science.aad1815.
• The Pluto system was recently explored by NASA's New Horizons spacecraft, making closest approach on 14 July 2015. Pluto's surface displays diverse landforms, terrain ages, albedos, colors, and composition gradients. Evidence is found for a water-ice crust, geologically young surface units, surface
• PMID 26472913

• Medical school hotline: the research mission of the cell and molecular biology department and program at the john a. Burns school of medicine.

• Berry MJ1, Astern J1, Bellinger F1, Brampton C1, Cann R1, Gerschenson M1, Haymer D1, James NG1, Jameson DM1, LeSaux O1, Hoffmann PR1, Nichols R1, Pitts M1, Seale L1, Seifried S1, Stokes AJ1, Todorovic C1.
• Hawai'i journal of medicine & public health : a journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health.Hawaii J Med Public Health.2015 Apr;74(4):150-3.
• PMID 25954603

• Validation of murine and human placental explant cultures for use in sex steroid and phase II conjugation toxicology studies.

• Sato BL1, Ward MA2, Astern JM3, Kendal-Wright CE4, Collier AC5.
• Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA.Toxicol In Vitro.2015 Feb;29(1):103-12. doi: 10.1016/j.tiv.2014.09.008. Epub 2014 Oct 2.
• Human primary placental explant culture is well established for cytokine signaling and toxicity, but has not been validated for steroidogenic or metabolic toxicology. The technique has never been investigated in the mouse. We characterized human and mouse placental explants for up to 96 h in culture
• PMID 25283089

• Right anterior thoracotomy aortic valve replacement is associated with less cost than sternotomy-based approaches: a multi-institution analysis of 'real world' data.

• Rodriguez E1, Malaisrie SC, Mehall JR, Moore M, Salemi A, Ailawadi G, Gunnarsson C, Ward AF, Grossi EA; Economic Workgroup on Valvular Surgery.
• Journal of medical economics.J Med Econ.2014 Dec;17(12):846-52. doi: 10.3111/13696998.2014.953681. Epub 2014 Sep 19.
• BACKGROUND: Large institutional analyses demonstrating outcomes of right anterior mini-thoracotomy (RAT) for isolated aortic valve replacement (isoAVR) do not exist. In this study, a group of cardiac surgeons who routinely perform minimally invasive isoAVR analyzed a cross-section of US hospital rec
• PMID 25111633

Japanese Journal

• カーフェリーの大角度横揺れと追波中復原力喪失現象に対するIMO新復原性基準案の関係について

• 櫻田 顕子,梅田 直哉
• 日本クルーズ&フェリー学会論文集 (4), 23-30, 2014-03
• NAID 40020110111

• ウォータージェット推進船の曳航能力

• 黒田 貴子,大橋 訓英,原口 富博
• 日本船舶海洋工学会論文集 18(0), 39-44, 2013
• … Bollard pull test and 2 ways towing tests which are towing ahead and astern were carried out by using the patrol vessels with waterjet of Japan Coast Guard. …
• NAID 130003393947

• 逆転時における舶用ハイスキュープロペラの非定常挙動

• 毛利 隆之,木本 理抄,長沼 健治
• 防衛省技術研究本部技報 (7091-7126), 1-16, 2012
• NAID 40019780602

• 2P1-M08 体幹部を活用した生物規範移動ロボットの研究 : トカゲ型ロボットの前進後退・方向転換(バイオミメティクス・バイオメカトロニクス)

• 二井見 博文,村井 健介
• ロボティクス・メカトロニクス講演会講演概要集 2011, "2P1-M08(1)"-"2P1-M08(3)", 2011-05-26
• We studied locomotion using trunk of the body by lizard type robot. First, we analyzed the load applied to the legs. Second, we made a lizard type robot and measured the load applied to the legs. Thir …
• NAID 110009711549

Related Links

• Astern | Define Astern at Dictionary.com - Dictionary.com ...

The modern boat carries the great part of her armament amidships and astern on swivels, and her bow is like a dagger. Last Words Stephen Crane Many of them strove to swim off to us, but we left them astern. Early Australian ...

• asternの意味 - 英和辞書 - 英語辞書 - goo辞書

asternとは。意味や和訳。[副]《海事》《航空》後方に[へ]；（船・航空機の）後方の位置にfall [drop] astern追い越されるtow a boat asternボートを船尾に曳(ひ)くGo astern!ゴースタン，後進（⇔Go ahead!）.[a（に）＋STERN2 ...

• Astern - definition of astern by The Free Dictionary

a·stern (ə-stûrn′) adv. & adj. Nautical 1. Behind a vessel. 2. At or to the stern of a vessel. 3. With or having the stern foremost; backward. astern (əˈstɜːn) adv, adj (postpositive) 1. (Nautical Terms) at or towards the stern 2. ...

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asteroid body、astral、astral body