n.

(生)小室、小隙、細目隙。(生)小孔。(医)(皮疹の)強紅輪。(解)輪、(特に)乳輪

関: areolation

WordNet

small circular area such as that around the human nipple or an inflamed area around a pimple or insect bite (同)ring of color
small space in a tissue or body part such as the area between veins on a leaf or an insects wing
relating to or like or divided into areolae; "areolar tissue" (同)areolate
type genus of the Glareolidae: the pratincoles (同)genus Glareola
fibrous connective tissue with the fibers arranged in a mesh or net

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/12/21 09:19:16」(JST)

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[Wiki en表示]

This article is about the breast tissue. For the entomology term, see the glossary of Lepidopteran terms. For an artistic cloud motif, see aureola. For the cactus feature, see Areole. For the boxer, see Chris Arreola.

In anatomy, an areola (/əˈriːələ/^[1]^[2] or /ɛriːˈoʊlə/^[2]) is any small circular area on the body coloured differently from the surrounding tissue. The term is most commonly used to describe the pigmented area on the human breast around the nipple (areola mammae) but it can also be used to describe other small circular areas such as the inflamed region surrounding a pimple.

The plural of "areola", is "areolæ"/"areolae", which is pronounced /əˈriːəliː/ or /əˈriːəlaɪ/. "Areola" is the diminutive of Latin area, "open place".

Human mammary areola[edit]

Careful inspection of a mature human female nipple will reveal several small openings arranged radially around the tip of the nipple (lactiferous ducts) from which milk is released during lactation. Other small openings in the areola are sebaceous glands, known as Montgomery's glands (or glands of Montgomery),^[3] These can be quite obvious and raised above the surface of the areola, giving the appearance of "goose-flesh".

Color[edit]

The areola can range from pink to red to dark brown or nearly black, but generally tend to be paler among people with lighter skin tones and darker among people with darker skin tones.

Additionally, it has been claimed that a reason for the differing color is to make the nipple area more visible to the infant.^[4]

Size and shape[edit]

The size and shape of areolae are also highly variable, with those of sexually mature women usually being larger than those of men and prepubescent girls. Human areolae are mostly circular in shape, but many women and some men have areolae that are noticeably elliptical.

The average diameter of male areolae is around 25 mm (1 in). Sexually mature women have an average of 38.1 mm (1.5 in), but sizes range up to 100 mm (4 in) or greater.^[5] Lactating women, or women with particularly large breasts, may have even larger areolæ.

Rated according to the Tanner scale of physical development, in stage four, the areolæ are raised.^[6] In stage five, they are no longer raised.^[6]

Diseases[edit]

Paget's disease of the breast is a malignant condition that outwardly may have the appearance of eczema, with skin changes involving the areola and nipple.

References[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Areola.

Look up areola in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

^ OED 2nd edition, 1989.
^ ^a ^b Entry "areola" in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
^ PLOS ONE: The Secretion of Areolar (Montgomery's) Glands from Lactating Women Elicits Selective, Unconditional Responses in Neonates
^ What the Color of Your Areola Tells About You | Yahoo! Health
^ Hussain, M.; Rynn, L.; Riordan, C.; Regan, P. J. (2003). "Nipple-areola reconstruction: outcome assessment". European Journal of Plastic Surgery 26 (7): 356–358. doi:10.1007/s00238-003-0566-x.
^ ^a ^b Le, Tao; Bhushan, Vikas; Tolles, Juliana (2011). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2011. McGraw-Hill Medical.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 乳房腫瘤および他の一般的な乳房の問題 breast masses and other common breast problems
2. 乳房パジェット病 paget disease of the breast
3. 黒色表皮腫 acanthosis nigricans
4. Mastitis and other skin disorders of the breast
5. 乳房の発達および形態 breast development and morphology

English Journal

Synthesis and cytotoxicity study of magnesium ferrite-gold core-shell nanoparticles.

Nonkumwong J1, Pakawanit P2, Wipatanawin A3, Jantaratana P4, Ananta S2, Srisombat L5.
Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications.Mater Sci Eng C Mater Biol Appl.2016 Apr 1;61:123-32. doi: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.12.021. Epub 2015 Dec 11.
In this work, the core-magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal technique. Completed gold (Au) shell coating on the surfaces of MgFe2O4 nanoparticles was obtained by varying core/shell ratios via a reduction method. Phase identification, morphological evolution, optica
PMID 26838832

The Unique Dermoscopic Structure 'Large black web' in basal cell carcinoma on the areola.

Kitamura S1, Hata H1, Yamaguchi Y1, Imafuku K1, Yanagi T1, Shimizu H1.
Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV.J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol.2016 Feb 3. doi: 10.1111/jdv.13552. [Epub ahead of print]
PMID 26840795

Asymmetry of Inframammary Folds in Patients Undergoing Augmentation Mammaplasty.

Yeslev M1, Braun SA1, Patrick Maxwell G1.
Aesthetic surgery journal / the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic surgery.Aesthet Surg J.2016 Feb;36(2):156-66. doi: 10.1093/asj/sjv174. Epub 2015 Sep 9.
BACKGROUND: Variation in the anatomical position of the inframammary fold (IMF) in women remains poorly studied.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of asymmetry between IMF locations on the chest wall of women undergoing breast augmentation and to determine breast mea
PMID 26353799

Nipple sparing mastectomy: Surgical and oncological outcomes from a national multicentric registry with 913 patients (1006 cases) over a six year period.

Orzalesi L1, Casella D2, Santi C3, Cecconi L4, Murgo R5, Rinaldi S6, Regolo L7, Amanti C8, Roncella M9, Serra M10, Meneghini G11, Bortolini M12, Altomare V13, Cabula C14, Catalano F15, Cirilli A16, Caruso F17, Lazzaretti MG18, Cataliotti L19, Bernini M20.
Breast (Edinburgh, Scotland).Breast.2016 Feb;25:75-81. doi: 10.1016/j.breast.2015.10.010. Epub 2015 Nov 21.
BACKGROUND: Nipple sparing mastectomy is deemed surgically and oncologically safe based on a long lasting literature data from reviews of single institution series. This study aims at evaluating surgical and oncological outcomes of NSM on a large multi-institutional scale, by means of the Italian Na
PMID 26612083

Japanese Journal

Nonintubated Transareolar Endoscopic Thoracic Sympathectomy with a Flexible Endoscope: Experience of 58 Cases

Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 22(1), 12-19, 2016
NAID 130005126764

症例報告 Nevoid hyperkeratosis of the nipple and areolaの1例

臨床皮膚科 = Japanese journal of clinical dermatology 69(13), 1049-1052, 2015-12
NAID 40020660411

乳輪乳頭部へのアートメイクのMRI検査における安全性(第1報)retrospectiveな検討

形成外科 58(5), 549-554, 2015-05
NAID 40020470596

Basal cell carcinoma of the nipple-areola complexの1例と内外報告57例の検討

日本皮膚科学会雑誌 125(12), 2283-2288, 2015
NAID 130005111654

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「乳輪」「areolar」
拡張検索	「areolar glands」「glandulae areolares」「subareolar」

「乳輪」

Areola
	Close-up of a human female breast showing the areola.
	Breast schematic diagram; (adult female human cross section); Legend: 1. Chest wall 2. Pectoralis muscles; 3. Lobules 4. Nipple 5. Areola 6. Duct; 7. Fatty tissue 8. Skin
Latin	areola mammae
Gray's	subject #271 1267

　　[★]

areola
英: nipple areola
ラ: areola mammae, areola papillaris
同: 乳暈
関: 乳房

乳頭の周囲の円形に広がる褐色の色素沈着を伴う部分。
妊娠により色素沈着する。

「areolar」

　　[★]

乳輪の

関: areola

「areolar glands」

　　[★] モントゴメリー腺、乳輪腺

「glandulae areolares」