WordNet

a feeling of craving something; "an appetite for life"; "the object of life is to satisfy as many appetencies as possible"- Granville Hicks (同)appetency, appetence
a drug that suppresses appetite (同)appetite_suppressant

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『食欲』 / (…に対する)『欲求』,切望(desire)《+『for』+『名』》
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/01/17 23:52:52」(JST)

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An anorectic or anorexic (from the Greek an- = "without" and orexis = "appetite"), also known as anorexigenic or appetite suppressant, is a dietary supplement and/or drug which reduces appetite, food consumption, and as a result, causes weight loss to occur.

List of anorectics

Numerous pharmaceutical compounds are marketed as appetite suppressants.

The following drugs listed as "centrally-acting antiobesity preparations" in the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System:^[1]

Phentermine (Fastin, Adipex, Ionamin, etc.)
Diethylpropion (Tenuate)
Rimonabant (Acomplia)
Sibutramine (Meridia, Reductil)
Oxymetazoline (Over the Counter "Afrin" nasal decongestant)

The following are listed as appetite depressants by MeSH.^[2]

Benfluorex
Butenolide
Cathine
Diethylpropion
FG-7142
Phenmetrazine
Phentermine
Phenylpropanolamine
Pyroglutamyl-histidyl-glycine
Sibutramine

Other compounds marked as appetite suppressants include:

Amfepramon
Amphetamine
Benzphetamine (Didrex)
Dexmethylphenidate (Focalin)
Dextroamphetamine (Dexedrine)
Glucagon (GlucaGen)
Lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
Methamphetamine (Desoxyn)
Methylphenidate (Ritalin, Concerta)
Phendimetrazine (Bontril)
Phenethylamine

Public health concerns

Epidemics of fatal pulmonary hypertension and heart valve damage associated with pharmaceutical anorectic agents have led to the withdrawal of products from the market. This was the case with aminorex in the 1960s, and again in the 1990s with fenfluramine (see: Fen-phen).^[3] Likewise, association of the related appetite suppressant phenylpropanolamine with hemorrhagic stroke led the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to request its withdrawal from the market in the United States in 2000, and similar concerns regarding ephedrine resulted in an FDA ban on its inclusion in dietary supplements, in 2004 (a Federal judge later overturned this ban in 2005 during a challenge by supplement maker Nutraceuticals). It is also debatable as to whether the ephedrine ban had more to do with its use as a precursor in methamphetamine manufacture rather than legitimate health concerns.

History and initial uses

Used on a short-term basis clinically to treat obesity, some appetite suppressants are also available over-the-counter. Most common natural appetite suppressants are based on hoodia, a genus of 13 species in the flowering plant family Apocynaceae, under the subfamily Asclepiadoideae. Several appetite suppressants are based on a mix of natural ingredients, mostly using green tea as its basis, in combination with other plant extracts such as fucoxanthin, found naturally in seaweed. Drugs of this class are frequently stimulants of the phenethylamine family, related to amphetamine (informally known as speed).

The German and Finnish^[4] militaries issued amphetamines to soldiers commonly to enhance warfare during the Second World War.^[5] Following the war, amphetamines were redirected for use on the civilian market. Indeed, amphetamine itself was sold commercially as an appetite suppressant until it was outlawed in most parts of the world in the late 1950s due to safety issues. Many amphetamines produce side effects, including addiction, tachycardia and hypertension,^[6] making prolonged unsupervised use dangerous.

References

^ ATC/DDD Index
^ MeSH list of agents 82001067
^ Fishman AP. Aminorex to Fen/Phen: An Epidemic Foretold. Circulation 1999;99:156. Fulltext. PMID 9884392
^ "Pervitiini". http://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pervitiini. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
^ Andreas Ulrich, Andreas. "The Nazi Death Machine: Hitler's Drugged Soldiers - SPIEGEL ONLINE - News - International". Spiegel Online. http://www.spiegel.de/international/0,1518,354606,00.html. Retrieved 2011-01-05.
^ Abenhaim L, Moride Y, Brenot F, Rich S, Benichou J, Kurz X, Higenbottam T, Oakley C, Wouters E, Aubier M, Simonneau G, Begaud B. Appetite-Suppressant Drugs and the Risk of Primary Pulmonary Hypertension. N Engl J Med 1996;335:609. Fulltext. doi:10.1056/NEJM199608293350901 PMID 8692238

External links

Questions and Answers about appetite suppressant medication treatment from the Medical College of Wisconsin
Anorectics at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. 肥満の薬物療法 drug therapy of obesity
2. 薬剤誘発性の弁膜症 valvular heart disease induced by drugs
3. 不安障害および物質使用障害の併発：疫学、臨床症状、および診断 co occurring anxiety disorders and substance use disorders epidemiology clinical manifestations and diagnosis
4. 糖尿病の治療におけるα-グルコシダーゼ阻害剤およびリパーゼ阻害剤 alpha glucosidase inhibitors and lipase inhibitors for treatment of diabetes mellitus
5. 成人における肺高血圧症の概要 overview of pulmonary hypertension in adults

English Journal

Appetite suppressing pregnane glycosides from the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum.

Liu S, Chen Z, Wu J, Wang L, Wang H, Zhao W.SourceDepartment of Natural Products Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, PR China.
Phytochemistry.Phytochemistry.2013 Apr 17. pii: S0031-9422(13)00086-1. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2013.03.010. [Epub ahead of print]
In the search for plant alternatives to Hoodia gordonii containing P57, a pregnane glycoside with potential appetite suppressant effect, the roots of Cynanchum auriculatum were investigated. As a result, 15 pregnane glycosides including nine never previously reported were isolated. Their structures
PMID 23602053

The synthesis and characterization N-methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (Camfetamine™).

Kavanagh P, Angelov D, O'Brien J, Power JD, McDermott SD, Talbot B, Fox J, O'Donnell C, Christie R.SourceDepartment of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Drug testing and analysis.Drug Test Anal.2013 Apr;5(4):247-53. doi: 10.1002/dta.411. Epub 2012 Feb 28.
N-Methyl-3-phenyl-norbornan-2-amine (N-methyl-3-phenylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-amine, Camfetamine(™) ) is available from a number of online legal highs/research chemicals' vendors. Although it was developed as an analeptic by Merck in the early 1960s, it was never commercialized. However, the Associ
PMID 22374810

Japanese Journal

健康食品中の強壮、ダイエット、催眠および血糖降下薬に関連する医薬品15成分の液体クロマトグラフ/タンデム質量分析計(LC/MS/MS)による一斉分析法の検討

大嶋智子,宮本伊織,山口之彦
日本食品化学学会誌 17(3), 171-178, 2010-12-20
… A method for the determination of 15 medical components (five erectile dysfunction agents, four hypnotic agents, three appetite suppressants and three oral hypoglycemic agents) in dietary supplements using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) has been developed. …
NAID 110008661309

市販後に分かる薬の安全性と最近の撤退薬　　７．Ｆｅｎｆｌｕｒａｍｉｎｅ／Ｄｅｘｆｅｎｆｌｕｒａｍｉｎｅと心臓弁膜症について

渡邉ひかる,久保田潔
臨床薬理 40(1), 41-46, 2009
… Fenfluramine marketed in 1973 and dexfenfluramine approved in 1996 were appetite-suppressant drugs widely used with phentermine ("fen-phen" or "dexfen-phen") in the U.S.A. … In the study by Khan et al., the prevalence of valvulopathies was as high as 22.7% in the users of appetite suppressants compared with 1.3% in the control group, indicating that the withdrawal of fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine was the right decision. …
NAID 130004541288

市販後に分かる薬の安全性と最近の撤退薬　　３．Ｐｈｅｎｙｌｐｒｏｐａｎｏｌａｍｉｎｅと脳出血について

大場延浩,久保田潔
臨床薬理 40(1), 17-21, 2009
… PPA was also used as an appetite suppressant in several countries (e.g., US and Australia). … As a result, PPA was shown to increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke in women particularly when used as an appetite suppressant. …
NAID 130004541284

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