WordNet

in anticipation (同)prevenient
of or relating to prediction; having value for making predictions (同)prognostic, prognosticative
a breach of contract committed prior to the time of required performance (同)constructive breach
one who anticipates (同)anticipant

PrepTutorEJDIC

予想の,予測の / 見越しての / (文法)先行の

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/31 10:25:08」(JST)

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Anticipation, or being enthusiastic, is an emotion involving pleasure, excitement, and sometimes anxiety in considering some expected or longed-for good event.

Anticipation is the process of imaginative speculation about the future.

As a defence mechanism

Robin Skynner considered anticipation as one of "the mature ways of dealing with real stress... You reduce the stress of some difficult challenge by anticipating what it will be like and preparing for how you are going to deal with it".^[1] There is evidence that "the use of mature defenses (sublimation, anticipation) tended to increase with age".^[2]

Desire

"Anticipation is the central ingredient in sexual desire."^[3] As 'sex has a major cognitive component — the most important element for desire is positive anticipation':^[4] indeed, one name for pleasurable anticipation is excitement.

More generally, anticipation is a central motivating force in everyday life — 'the normal process of imaginative anticipation of, or speculation about, the future'.^[5] To enjoy one's life, 'one needs a belief in Time as a promising medium to do things in; one needs to be able to suffer the pains and pleasures of anticipation and deferral'.^[6]

In music

There are a number of theories explaining anticipation in music. Two prominent theories are the Neurological theories of Chase that attribute expectation building and anticipation both to inherent Neurological pitch evolution (Darwinian selection as pitch/rhythm/harmony communication response expectation) and the related skillful use of chord sequences (Holding V7 until expectations are met with E,A, B7, or the well known Am/D7/G tease-satisfy sequence, with variations in the wheel of 5ths).

A second well accepted theory is Huron's "ITPRA" 5 module theory of expectation, where previous imaginative tension hits the event onset/horizon, with prediction and reaction oscillating (alternating) in the response system, and resulting in appraisal feedback.^[7]^[8]

From a global perspective, even given thousands of varying scale types worldwide, there is a universal human sense of satisfaction in the return to that scale's tonic (for example, C, in the major scale, key, and tonic of C major).^[9]

In the context of the broader topic of Music and emotion, Juslin & Västfjäll's BRECVEM model includes, as its seventh element, Musical expectation.^[10]

Technically, Anticipation also refers specifically to a type of nonchord tone.

Note: this section refers to the process of generating the thought or feeling of anticipation in music. For titles of songs with the word Anticipation, see Anticipation (disambiguation).

In phenomenology

For phenomenological philosopher Edmund Husserl, anticipation is an essential feature of human action. 'In every action we know the goal in advance in the form of an anticipation that is "empty", in the sense of vague...and [we] seek by our action to bring it step by step to concrete realization'.^[11]

Anticipation can be shown in many ways; for example, some people seem to smile uncontrollably during this period, while others seem ill or sick. It is not uncommon for the brain to be so focused on an event, that the body is affected in such a way. Stage fright is a type of anticipation, stemming from the actor or actress hoping that they perform well.

References

^ Robin Skynner/John Cleese, Life and how to survive it (London 1994) p. 55
^ Hope R.Conte/Robert Plutchik, Ego Defenses (1995) p. 127
^ Barry and Emily McCarthy, Rekindling Desire (2003) p. 89
^ McCarthy, p. 12
^ Clon Campbell, The Romantic Ethic and the Spirit of Modern Consumerism (2005) p. 83
^ Adam Phillips, On Flirtation (London 1994) p. 47
^ Wayne Chase, "How Music Really Works" (Vancouver, 2006), ISBN 1-897311-55-9, pp. 434, 621
^ David Huron,"Sweet Anticipation, Music and the psychology of expectation" (Cambridge, 2006), ISBN 978-0-262-58278-0, p.17
^ Michael Hewitt,"Musical Scales of the World" (London, 2013), ISBN 978-095-7547-001, p. 11 et. al
^ Juslin, Liljeström, Västfjäll, & Lundqvist. (2010). How does music evoke emotions? Exploring the underlying mechanisms. In P.N. Juslin & J. Sloboda (Eds.), Handbook of Music and Emotion: Theory, Research, and Applications (pp. 605-642). Oxford: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0199604968.
^ E. Husserl, in Alfred Schutz, The Phenomenology of the Social World (Illinois 1997), p. 58

External links

Anticipation: Getting Ahead of the Curve

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

Subthreshold corticospinal control of anticipatory actions in humans.

Sangani SG, Raptis HA, Feldman AG.SourceCenter for Interdisciplinary Research in Rehabilitation (CRIR), Montreal, PQ, Canada.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2011 Oct 10;224(1):145-54. Epub 2011 Jun 7.
Previous findings suggest that, by influencing the subthreshold state of motoneurons, the corticospinal pathways can set and reset the threshold position at which wrist muscle recruitment begins. Here we assumed that the corticospinal system can change the threshold position in a similar way before
PMID 21672559

Impact of anticipatory processing versus distraction on multiple indices of anxiety in socially anxious individuals.

Wong QJ, Moulds ML.SourceThe University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
Behaviour research and therapy.Behav Res Ther.2011 Oct;49(10):700-6. Epub 2011 Jul 23.
In models of social phobia, anticipatory processing before a social-evaluative event is a key maintaining factor for the disorder. This study investigated the impact of anticipatory processing versus distraction before a social-evaluative task on affective (self-reported anxiety), psychophysiologica
PMID 21821231

Japanese Journal

摂食過程における視覚遮断が食味に与える影響に関する検討

阿部雅子,原修一,笠井新一郎
九州保健福祉大学研究紀要 12, 157-162, 2011-03
… [Purpose] The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of visual sensory deprivation during the anticipatory stage on eating. …
NAID 110008456905

Anticipatory Postural Adjustments During Lateral Step Motion in Patients With Hip Osteoarthritis

Tateuchi Hiroshige,Ichihashi Noriaki,Shinya Masahiro,Oda Shingo
Journal of Applied Biomechanics 27(1), 32-39, 2011-02
… This study aimed to identify the movement strategy during the anticipatory postural adjustments in the lateral step motion in patients with hip OA. …
NAID 120003072128