WordNet

a distinctive but intangible quality surrounding a person or thing; "an air of mystery"; "the house had a neglected air"; "an atmosphere of defeat pervaded the candidates headquarters"; "the place had an aura of romance" (同)aura, atmosphere
a mixture of gases (especially oxygen) required for breathing; the stuff that the wind consists of; "air pollution"; "a smell of chemicals in the air"; "open a window and let in some air"; "I need some fresh air"
once thought to be one of four elements composing the universe (Empedocles)
medium for radio and television broadcasting; "the program was on the air from 9 til midnight"; "the president used the airwaves to take his message to the people" (同)airwave
the region above the ground; "her hand stopped in mid air"; "he threw the ball into the air"
expose to warm or heated air, so as to dry; "Air linen"
broadcast over the airwaves, as in radio or television; "We cannot air this X-rated song" (同)send, broadcast, beam, transmit
be broadcast; "This show will air Saturdays at 2 P.M."
small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre
a short excursion (a walk or ride) in the open air; "he took the dogs for an airing"
affected manners intended to impress others; "dont put on airs with me" (同)pose
open to or abounding in fresh air; "airy rooms" (同)airy

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉『空気』,大気 / 《the ~》『空中』,空間,空(sky) / 《古》〈C〉そよ風,微風(breeze) / 《文》〈C〉(音楽の)ふし,旋律(melody) / 〈C〉様子,態度,風さい / 《複数形で》気どった様子 / 〈衣服など〉'を'空気にさらす,風にあてる / 〈部屋〉‘に'風を通す / 〈うわさ・意見など〉'を'言いふらす
(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞
空気にあてること,虫干し / 《単数形で》外出,散歩 / (知識・意見などの)公開,周知

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/04/05 20:36:43」(JST)

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1. T細胞受容体シグナル伝達 t cell receptor signaling
2. 異型鎌状赤血球症候群 variant sickle cell syndromes
3. 末梢性T細胞リンパ腫の初期治療 initial treatment of peripheral t cell lymphoma
4. HLAハプロタイプ適合造血細胞移植 hla haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation
5. B細胞前リンパ球性白血病 b cell prolymphocytic leukemia

English Journal

Systematic analysis of silver nanoparticle ionic dissolution by tangential flow filtration: toxicological implications.

Maurer EI1, Sharma M, Schlager JJ, Hussain SM.Author information 1711 Human Performance Wing/RHDJ, Human Effectiveness Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base , Dayton, Ohio , USA.AbstractIn the field of toxicology of nanomaterials, scientists have not clearly determined if the observed toxicological events are due to the nanoparticles (NPs) themselves or the dissolution of ions released into the biophysiological environment or both phenomenon participate in combination based upon their bioregional and temporal occurrence during exposure conditions. Consequently, research involving the toxicological analysis of silver NPs (Ag-NPs) has shifted towards assessment of 'nanosized' silver in comparison to its solvated 'ionic' counterpart. Current literature suggests that dissolution of ions from Ag-NPs may play a key role in toxicity; however, the present assessment methodology to separate ions from NPs still requires improvement before a definitive cause of toxicity can be determined. Recently, centrifugation-based techniques have been employed to obtain solvated ions from the NP solution, but this approach leads to NP agglomeration, making further toxicological analysis difficult to assess. Additionally, extremely small NPs are retained in the supernatant even after ultracentrifugation, leading to incomplete separation of ions from their respective NPs. To address these complex toxicology issues we applied enhanced separation techniques with the aim to study levels of ions originating from the Ag-NP using separation by a recirculating tangential flow filtration system. This system uses a unique diffusion-driven filtration method that retains large particles within the continuous flow path, while allowing the solution (ions) to pass through molecular filters by lateral diffusion separation. Use of this technique provides reproducible NP separation from their solvated ions which permits for further quantification using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry or comparison use in bioassay exposures to biological systems. In this study, we thoroughly characterised NPs in biologically relevant solutions to understand the dissolution of Ag-NPs (10 and 50 nm) over time. Our results suggest that the ion dissolution from Ag-NPs is dependent on parameters such as exposure time, chemical composition and temperature of the exposure solution. Further, the well-characterised separated ionic and NP solutions were exposed to a lung epithelial cell line (A549) to evaluate the toxicity of each fraction. Results suggest that although Ag-NPs (unseparated) show concentration-dependent toxicity, dissolution of ions appears to exacerbate the toxicological effect. This finding adds data to the set of probable toxic exposure mechanisms elicited by metallic nanomaterials and provides important consideration when assessing findings of key cell function modulation.
Nanotoxicology.Nanotoxicology.2014 Nov;8(7):718-27. doi: 10.3109/17435390.2013.824127. Epub 2013 Aug 1.
In the field of toxicology of nanomaterials, scientists have not clearly determined if the observed toxicological events are due to the nanoparticles (NPs) themselves or the dissolution of ions released into the biophysiological environment or both phenomenon participate in combination based upon th
PMID 23848466

The preparation, characterization and evaluation of regenerated cellulose/collagen composite hydrogel films.

Cheng Y1, Lu J1, Liu S2, Zhao P3, Lu G3, Chen J4.Author information 1School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.2College of Food Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.3The Third Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Wuxi 214041, China.4School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China. Electronic address: jhchenwhut@126.com.AbstractPorous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via the Schiff base reaction between NH2 in collagen and CHO in DARC backbone. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that DARC/Col exhibited a refined 3D network structure and its porosity and pore size decreased with increasing of collagen concentration. The composite films demonstrated a good equilibrium-swelling ratio, air permeability and water retention properties. The composite films also showed excellent mechanical properties, which was vital for practical application. Finally, the cytotoxicity of the composite film was evaluated using NIH3T3 mice fibroblast cells, the results revealed that DARC/Col composite films have good biocompatibility for use as scaffold material in tissue engineering.
Carbohydrate polymers.Carbohydr Polym.2014 Jul 17;107:57-64. doi: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.02.034. Epub 2014 Feb 20.
Porous structured regenerated cellulose films were oxidized by periodate oxidation to obtain 2,3-dialdehyde cellulose (DARC) films, which were then reacted with collagen to obtain DARC/Col composite films. The subsequent FT-IR spectra indicated that collagen was immobilized on the DARC matrix via th
PMID 24702918

Effects of hydraulic pressure on the performance of single chamber air-cathode microbial fuel cells.

Cheng S1, Liu W2, Guo J2, Sun D2, Pan B2, Ye Y2, Ding W2, Huang H2, Li F2.Author information 1State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China. Electronic address: shaoancheng@zju.edu.cn.2State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy, Department of Energy Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, PR China.AbstractScaling up of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) without losing power density requires a thorough understanding of the effect of hydraulic pressure on MFC performance. In this work, the performance of an activated carbon air-cathode MFC was evaluated under different hydraulic pressures. The MFC under 100mmH2O hydraulic pressure produced a maximum power density of 1260±24mWm(-2), while the power density decreased by 24.4% and 44.7% as the hydraulic pressure increased to 500mmH2O and 2000mmH2O, respectively. Notably, the performance of both the anode and the cathode had decreased under high hydraulic pressures. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests of the cathode indicated that both charge transfer resistance and diffusion transfer resistance increased with the increase in hydraulic pressure. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of PCR-amplified partial 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that the similarity among anodic biofilm communities under different hydraulic pressures was ≥90%, and the communities of all MFCs were dominated by Geobacter sp. These results suggested that the reduction in power output of the single chamber air-cathode MFC under high hydraulic pressures can be attributed to water flooding of the cathode and suppression the metabolism of anodic exoelectrogenic bacteria.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2014 Jun 15;56:264-70. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.01.036. Epub 2014 Jan 25.
Scaling up of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) without losing power density requires a thorough understanding of the effect of hydraulic pressure on MFC performance. In this work, the performance of an activated carbon air-cathode MFC was evaluated under different hydraulic pressures. The MFC under 100mm
PMID 24514078