WordNet

a festivity in ancient Greece at which competitors contended for prizes
pertaining to or associated with agony (especially death agonies)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/10/31 17:12:03」(JST)

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Agonal respiration is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by gasping, labored breathing, accompanied by strange vocalizations and myoclonus. Possible causes include cerebral ischemia, extreme hypoxia or even anoxia. Agonal breathing is an extremely serious medical sign requiring immediate medical attention, as the condition generally progresses to complete apnea and heralds death.

The term is sometimes (inaccurately) used to refer to labored, gasping breathing patterns accompanying organ failure (e.g. liver failure and renal failure), SIRS, septic shock, and metabolic acidosis (see Kussmaul breathing, or in general any labored breathing, including Biot's respirations and ataxic respirations. Correct usage would restrict the term to the last breaths before death.

Agonal respirations are also commonly seen in cases of cardiogenic shock or cardiac arrest where agonal respirations may persist for several minutes after cessation of heartbeat. The presence of agonal respirations in these cases indicates a more favorable prognosis than in cases of cardiac arrest without agonal respirations. In an unresponsive, pulseless patient in cardiac arrest, agonal gasps are not effective breaths.

Agonal respiration is not the same as, and is unrelated to, the phenomenon of death rattle.

External links

"Incidence of Agonal Respirations in Sudden Cardiac Arrest". EMD Program. King County, Washington. 30 August 2003. Archived from the original on 10 February 2005. http://web.archive.org/web/20050210113831/http://www.metrokc.gov/health/ems/abstract-agonal.htm. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
Bångemail, Angela; Herlitz, Johan; Martinell, Sven (2003). "Interaction between emergency medical dispatcher and caller in suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrest calls with focus on agonal breathing. A review of 100 tape recordings of true cardiac arrest cases". Resuscitation 56 (1): 25–34. doi:10.1016/S0300-9572(02)00278-2. PMID 12505735. http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0300957202002782.
Hazinski, Mary Fran, ed. BLS for healthcare providers. (New ed.). Dallas, Tex.: American Heart Association. ISBN 1616690399.

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English Journal

Official lay basic life support courses in Germany: is delivered content up to date with the guidelines? An observational study.

Wagner P1, Lingemann C1, Arntz HR2, Breckwoldt J3.
Emergency medicine journal : EMJ.Emerg Med J.2014 Aug 22. pii: emermed-2014-203736. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2014-203736. [Epub ahead of print]
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Educating the lay public in basic life support (BLS) is a cornerstone to improving bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) rates. In Germany, the official rescue organisations deliver accredited courses based on International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR
PMID 25150197

[The effect of 3-oxypyridine and succinic acid derivatives on the resistance to acute cerebral ischemia].

Volchegorskiĭ IA, Miroshnichenko IIu, Rassokhina LM, Faĭzullin RM, Priakhina KE, Malkin MP, Kalugina AV.
Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni S.S. Korsakova / Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniia i meditsinskoĭ promyshlennosti Rossiĭskoĭ Federatsii, Vserossiĭskoe obshchestvo nevrologov [i] Vserossiĭskoe obshchestvo psikhiatrov.Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova.2014;114(12):123-7.
OBJECTIVE: The effect of original domestic derivatives of 3-oxypiridine and succinic acid (emoxipine, reamberin and mexidol) on the resistance to acute brain ischemia was studied in an experimental mouse models.MATERIAL AND METHODS: We used 260 adult outbred mice. The drugs were introduced intraperi
PMID 25726791

Agonal gasps of cardiac arrest victim can aid in confirming tracheal intubation using Umesh's intubation detector.

Umesh G1, Magazine R.
Acta anaesthesiologica Taiwanica : official journal of the Taiwan Society of Anesthesiologists.Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan.2013 Sep;51(3):133-4. doi: 10.1016/j.aat.2013.08.001. Epub 2013 Sep 13.
Several patients of cardiac arrest may be found in a state of agonal gasps that are of insufficient tidal volume and are not considered as a sign of life. However, this volume is sufficient enough to cause appreciable inflation and deflation of the reservoir bag of Umesh's intubation detector (UID)
PMID 24148743