WordNet

of the color between red and yellow; similar to the color of a ripe orange (同)orangish
any citrus tree bearing oranges (同)orange tree
any pigment producing the orange color
orange color or pigment; any of a range of colors between red and yellow (同)orangeness
round yellow to orange fruit of any of several citrus trees
the act of spotting or staining something (同)spotting, maculation
(histology) the use of a dye to color specimens for microscopic study
a river in South Africa that flows generally westward to the Atlantic Ocean (同)Orange River

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〈C〉『オレンジ』,柑橘(かんきつ)類 / 〈U〉オレンジ色,だいだい(橙)色 / オレンジ色の,だいだい色の / オレンジからできた,オレンジで風味を付けた

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1. ノカルジア症の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of nocardiosis
2. 肥満細胞：増殖・分化、識別、および生理学的役割 mast cells development identification and physiologic roles
3. 腎同種移植片のC4d染色および抗体媒介性拒絶反応の治療 c4d staining in renal allografts and treatment of antibody mediated rejection
4. 末梢血塗抹標本の評価 evaluation of the peripheral blood smear
5. バルトネラ属の基礎生物学 basic biology of bartonella species

English Journal

Flow cytometric analysis of micronuclei in rat peripheral blood: An interlaboratory reproducibility study.

Kasamoto S1, Mukai D2, Masumori S2, Suzuki K2, Tanaka R2, Torous DK3, Yamate J4, Hayashi M2.Author information 1Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, BioSafety Research Center (BSRC), 582-2, Shioshinden, Iwata, Shizuoka 437-1213, Japan. Electronic address: kasamoto-sawako@anpyo.or.jp.2Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, BioSafety Research Center (BSRC), 582-2, Shioshinden, Iwata, Shizuoka 437-1213, Japan.3Litron Laboratories, 3500 Winton Place, Rochester, NY 14623, USA.4Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku Ourai Kita, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.AbstractIn anticipation of proposed OECD guideline changes that may include increasing the number of reticulocytes scored for micronuclei, an inter-laboratory reproducibility study of the rat peripheral blood micronucleus assay was performed using flow cytometry. In this experiment, male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with the model clastogen cyclophosphamide (CP: 5, 10 or 15mg/kg) by a single oral administration. As controls, rats were treated with physiological saline (solvent) in the same manner as for the model clastogen. Peripheral blood was collected from each rat 48h after the treatment. The blood samples were prepared at the Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, BioSafety Research Center (BSRC) in duplicate using the rat MicroFlow(PLUS) Kit. After fixation, one replicate set of samples was shipped to Litron Laboratories, and each sample was analyzed by flow cytometry at the two laboratories. In addition, the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes (MNRETs) was determined at the BSRC by microscopic analysis using supravital acridine orange (AO) staining. The reproducibility of micronucleated reticulocyte frequencies analyzed by microscopy and flow cytometry showed good correlation (r(2)=0.84). The frequencies of micronucleated reticulocytes analyzed by flow cytometry at the two independent laboratories showed good concordance (r(2)=0.97). The data indicate that the flow cytometric micronucleus analysis method is a good alternative to manual microscopic analysis. Flow cytometry allows groups to readily score 5000 or even 20,000 RETs in a matter of minutes compared to manual analysis. This results in increased reliability of the assay by achieving better statistical power.
Mutation research.Mutat Res.2014 Mar;762:39-42. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2014.02.001. Epub 2014 Feb 15.
In anticipation of proposed OECD guideline changes that may include increasing the number of reticulocytes scored for micronuclei, an inter-laboratory reproducibility study of the rat peripheral blood micronucleus assay was performed using flow cytometry. In this experiment, male Sprague-Dawley (SD)
PMID 24548793

Induction of autophagic cell death and radiosensitization by the pharmacological inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B activation in human glioma cell lines.

Tsuboi Y1, Kurimoto M, Nagai S, Hayakawa Y, Kamiyama H, Hayashi N, Kitajima I, Endo S.Author information 1Departments of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.AbstractOBJECT: The intrinsic radioresistance of certain cancer cells may be closely associated with the constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity, which may lead to protection from apoptosis. Recently, nonapoptotic cell death, or autophagy, has been revealed as a novel response of cancer cells to ionizing radiation. In the present study, the authors analyzed the effect of pitavastatin as a potential inhibitor of NF-kappaB activation on the radiosensitivity of A172, U87, and U251 human glioma cell lines.
Journal of neurosurgery.J Neurosurg.2009 Mar;110(3):594-604. doi: 10.3171/2008.8.JNS17648.
OBJECT: The intrinsic radioresistance of certain cancer cells may be closely associated with the constitutive activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) activity, which may lead to protection from apoptosis. Recently, nonapoptotic cell death, or autophagy, has been revealed as a novel response
PMID 19046042

Flow cytometric analysis of micronuclei in peripheral blood reticulocytes: II. An efficient method of monitoring chromosomal damage in the rat.

MacGregor JT1, Bishop ME, McNamee JP, Hayashi M, Asano N, Wakata A, Nakajima M, Saito J, Aidoo A, Moore MM, Dertinger SD.Author information 1FDA National Center for Toxicological Research, Rockville, Maryland 21012, USA. jtmacgregor@earthlink.netAbstractWe have evaluated a flow cytometric method that allows assessment of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) in microliter quantities of peripheral blood and compared results using this assay with those of established microscopic methods of scoring bone marrow and peripheral blood from rats treated with well-characterized genotoxic agents. Young reticulocytes (RETs) are labeled with FITC-anti-CD71 (transferrin receptor) and micronuclei with propidium iodide (with RNase treatment). Red blood cells parasitized with Plasmodia serve as a calibration standard for DNA content. Microscopic scoring used acridine orange (AO) staining of methanol-fixed slides or supravital AO staining. The effect of the rat spleen on the parameters evaluated was determined by comparing age- and sex-matched normal and splenectomized rats treated with cyclophosphamide, cis-platin, or vinblastine under treatment conditions that established a steady-state frequency of MN-RETs in the bone marrow and peripheral blood compartments. The data demonstrate the sensitivity and reproducibility of the flow cytometric assay in the Sprague-Dawley rat, and comparative studies using identical blinded samples at multiple laboratories show that inter- and intra-laboratory reproducibility is much higher with the flow method than with the microscopic methods currently employed for regulatory studies. A significant effect of splenic selection against genotoxicant-induced MN-RETs was observed with each of the three scoring methodologies, despite the fact that the flow and supravital AO techniques restrict analysis to the youngest fraction of RETs. The high precision of flow-based measurements also demonstrated a slight but statistically significant level of selection against spontaneously arising MN-RET. Despite these spleen effects, assay sensitivity for blood-based analyses was maintained by the flow method as it was shown to have superior counting statistics, lower variability, and higher sensitivity than manual scoring. The data suggest that flow cytometric assessment of micronucleus induction can be integrated into routine toxicity testing, eliminating the need for a separate bioassay.
Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology.Toxicol Sci.2006 Nov;94(1):92-107. Epub 2006 Aug 3.
We have evaluated a flow cytometric method that allows assessment of micronucleated reticulocytes (MN-RETs) in microliter quantities of peripheral blood and compared results using this assay with those of established microscopic methods of scoring bone marrow and peripheral blood from rats treated w
PMID 16888079

Japanese Journal

化学物質の安全性評価におけるin vivo遺伝毒性--特にげっ歯類を用いる小核試験の基礎研究並びにその行政面への応用

林真,本間正充
国立医薬品食品衛生研究所報告 (125), 17-34, 2007
NAID 40015776774

P-73 AOおよびフローサイトメトリーを用いた低用量域での小核誘発について(ポスター(2))

浅野哲秀,Torous D.,Dertinger S.,Tometsko C.,森田健,林真
日本環境変異原学会大会プログラム・要旨集 (34), 141, 2005-11-16
NAID 110006825370

げっ歯類を用いる小核試験の基礎研究ならびにその行政面への応用(学会賞, 第33回大会受賞講演)

林真
環境変異原研究 27(1), 13-20, 2005-04-15
Genotoxicity is an important consideration in the safety evaluation of chemicals. It is well known that there are in vitro and in vivo assay systems with different endpoints for evaluating chemical ge …
NAID 110001713562