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the 22nd letter of the Roman alphabet (同)v

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vanadium の化学記号

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/25 04:45:57」(JST)

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English Journal

M2 receptors exert analgesic action on DRG sensory neurons by negatively modulating VR1 activity.

De Angelis F1, Marinelli S, Fioretti B, Catacuzzeno L, Franciolini F, Pavone F, Tata AM.Author information 1Department of Biology and Biotechnologies C. Darwin, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy.AbstractThe peripheral application of the M2 cholinergic agonist arecaidine on sensory nerve endings shows anti-nociceptive properties. In this work, we analyze in vitro, the mechanisms downstream M2 receptor activation causing the analgesic effects, and in vivo the effects produced by M2 agonist arecaidine administration on nociceptive responses in a murine model of nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced pain. Cultured DRG neurons treated with arecaidine showed a decreased level of VR1 and SP transcripts. Conversely, we found an increased expression of VR1 and SP transcripts in DRG from M2/M4(-/-) mice compared to WT and M1(-/-) mice, confirming the inhibitory effect in particular of M2 receptors on SP and VR1 expression. Patch-clamp experiments in the whole-cell configuration showed that arecaidine treatment caused a reduction of the fraction of capsaicin-responsive cells, without altering the mean capsaicin-activated current in responsive cells. We also demonstrated that arecaidine prevents PKCϵ translocation to the plasma membrane after inflammatory agent stimulation, mainly in medium-small sensory neurons. Finally, in mice, we have observed that intraperitoneal injection of arecaidine reduces VR1 expression blocking hyperalgesia and allodynia caused by NGF intraplantar administration. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that in vivo M2 receptor activation induces desensitization to mechanical and heat stimuli by a down-regulation of VR1 expression and by the inhibition of PKCϵ activity hindering its translocation to the plasma membrane, as suggested by in vitro experiments.
Journal of cellular physiology.J Cell Physiol.2014 Jun;229(6):783-90. doi: 10.1002/jcp.24499.
The peripheral application of the M2 cholinergic agonist arecaidine on sensory nerve endings shows anti-nociceptive properties. In this work, we analyze in vitro, the mechanisms downstream M2 receptor activation causing the analgesic effects, and in vivo the effects produced by M2 agonist arecaidine
PMID 24166293

Systematic administration of B vitamins attenuates neuropathic hyperalgesia and reduces spinal neuron injury following temporary spinal cord ischaemia in rats.

Yu CZ1, Liu YP, Liu S, Yan M, Hu SJ, Song XJ.Author information 1Institute of Neurosciences, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.AbstractBACKGROUND: B vitamins have been demonstrated to be effective in treating chronic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. We investigated whether B vitamins could alleviate neuropathic pain and reduce neuron injury following temporary ischaemia in a rat model of spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury (SCII).
European journal of pain (London, England).Eur J Pain.2014 Jan;18(1):76-85. doi: 10.1002/j.1532-2149.2013.00390.x. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
BACKGROUND: B vitamins have been demonstrated to be effective in treating chronic pain due to peripheral nerve injury. We investigated whether B vitamins could alleviate neuropathic pain and reduce neuron injury following temporary ischaemia in a rat model of spinal cord ischaemia-reperfusion injury
PMID 24038589

Low-Resolution Structure of the Full-Length Barley (Hordeum vulgare) SGT1 Protein in Solution, Obtained Using Small-Angle X-Ray Scattering.

Taube M1, Pieńkowska JR2, Jarmołowski A3, Kozak M1.Author information 1Department of Macromolecular Physics, Faculty of Physics, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.2Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Experimental BiFology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.3Department of Gene Expression, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland.AbstractSGT1 is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein involved in many important cellular processes. In plants, SGT1 is involved in resistance to disease. In a low ionic strength environment, the SGT1 protein tends to form dimers. The protein consists of three structurally independent domains (the tetratricopeptide repeats domain (TPR), the CHORD- and SGT1-containing domain (CS), and the SGT1-specific domain (SGS)), and two less conserved variable regions (VR1 and VR2). In the present study, we provide the low-resolution structure of the barley (Hordeum vulgare) SGT1 protein in solution and its dimer/monomer equilibrium using small-angle scattering of synchrotron radiation, ab-initio modeling and circular dichroism spectroscopy. The multivariate curve resolution least-square method (MCR-ALS) was applied to separate the scattering data of the monomeric and dimeric species from a complex mixture. The models of the barley SGT1 dimer and monomer were formulated using rigid body modeling with ab-initio structure prediction. Both oligomeric forms of barley SGT1 have elongated shapes with unfolded inter-domain regions. Circular dichroism spectroscopy confirmed that the barley SGT1 protein had a modular architecture, with an α-helical TPR domain, a β-sheet sandwich CS domain, and a disordered SGS domain separated by VR1 and VR2 regions. Using molecular docking and ab-initio protein structure prediction, a model of dimerization of the TPR domains was proposed.
PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Apr 8;9(4):e93313. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0093313. eCollection 2014.
SGT1 is an evolutionarily conserved eukaryotic protein involved in many important cellular processes. In plants, SGT1 is involved in resistance to disease. In a low ionic strength environment, the SGT1 protein tends to form dimers. The protein consists of three structurally independent domains (the
PMID 24714665

Japanese Journal

Histopathological Changes of Streptozotocin-induced Painful Diabetes and Antihyperalgesic Effect of Capsaicin Cream in Rats

MITANI Osamu,MASUI Kuniharu,TSUJIMOTO Hisashi,JINBO Keisuke,WATANABE Yukihiko,OHKURA Takako,TAYA Koji,IKEDA Hitoshi
Journal of toxicologic pathology 21(2), 97-104, 2008-06-30
… On the other hand, for dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons and hind paw cutaneous nerves, the neurohistochemical examination showed no difference between STZ rats and control rats with capsaicin (vanilloid) receptor subtype 1 (VR1) and NF200 double immunohistochemical staining of DRG neurons, but an increase in A-fibers was seen in the hind paw cutaneous nerves of the STZ rats compared to the control rats. … However, we could not clarify how VR1 was involved in the effect in rats with STZ painful diabetic neuropathy. …
NAID 10027893639

カプサイシンのVR1を介した血圧への影響

中井優子,橋本弘子,天野絵美,石井浩子,高木亜里紗,東原亜泉,栗原伸公
日本衞生學雜誌 63(2), 491, 2008-03-01
NAID 10024477589

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