関: TLR8

WordNet

want to have; "Id like a beer now!"
a kind of person; "Well not see his like again"; "I cant tolerate people of his ilk" (同)ilk
a similar kind; "dogs, foxes, and the like", "we dont want the likes of you around here" (同)the like, the likes of
equal in amount or value; "like amounts"; "equivalent amounts"; "the same amount"; "gave one six blows and the other a like number"; "the same number" (同)same
resembling or similar; having the same or some of the same characteristics; often used in combination; "suits of like design"; "a limited circle of like minds"; "members of the cat family have like dispositions"; "as like as two peas in a pod"; "doglike devotion"; "a dreamlike quality" (同)similar
be fond of; "I like my nephews"
feel about or towards; consider, evaluate, or regard; "How did you like the Presidents speech last night?"
find enjoyable or agreeable; "I like jogging"; "She likes to read Russian novels"
ring slowly; "For whom the bell tolls"
a fee levied for the use of roads or bridges (used for maintenance)
charge a fee for using; "Toll the bridges into New York City"
a cellular structure that is postulated to exist in order to mediate between a chemical agent that acts on nervous tissue and the physiological response
a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment; "Ive always had a liking for reading"; "she developed a liking for gin"
found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form; "a well-liked teacher"

PrepTutorEJDIC

…‘を'『好む』,‘が'好きである / 《しばしば否定文で,またwould,《英》shouldと共に用いて》…‘を'望む,…したい / 『好む』;望む / 《複数形で》好み,好きな事
(外観・性質などが)…『に似た』,のような / (やり方,程度などが)…『と同じように』 / …『らしい』,にふさわいし / 《おもに話》たとえば…のような / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(性質・外観などが)同じの,(数量が)等しい / 《補語にのみ用いて》似ている,そっくりで / たぶん,おそらく(probably) / (…に)似た人(物),(…と)同等の人(物),匹敵する人(物)《+『of』+『名』》 / …のように / あたかも…のように
〈鐘が〉(にっくり規則的に繰り返して)鳴る / (ゆっくり規則的に繰り返して)〈鐘〉‘を'鳴らす / 〈鐘が〉…‘を'知らせる / 鐘を鳴らすこと / 鐘の音
(橋・道路などの)『使用[通行]料金』,使用税 / (長距離電話などの)『料金』,サービス料 / 《通例単数形で》(災難などの)被害の程度,犠牲(死傷)負数
=sense organ / 受信装置
(…の)『好み』,趣味《+『for』(『to』)+『名』》

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/07/29 17:33:44」(JST)

wiki en

Toll-like receptor 8 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR8 gene.^[3] TLR8 has also been designated as CD288 (cluster of differentiation 288). It is a member of the toll-like receptor (TLR) family.

Function

TLR8 seems to function differently in humans and mice. Until recently, TLR8 was believed to be nonfunctional in mice, but it seems to counteract TLR7 activity^[4]^[5]

The TLR family plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immunity. TLRs are highly conserved from Drosophila to humans and share structural and functional similarities. They recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that are expressed on infectious agents, and mediate the production of cytokines necessary for the development of effective immunity. The various TLRs exhibit different patterns of expression. This gene is predominantly expressed in lung and peripheral blood leukocytes, and lies in close proximity to another family member, TLR7, on chromosome X.^[6]

TLR8 can recognize GU-rich single-stranded RNA.^[7] However, the presence of GU-rich sequences in the single-stranded RNA is not sufficient to stimulate TLR8.^[8] TLR8 recognizes G-rich oligonucleotides.^[9]

TLR8 is an endosomal receptor that recognizes single stranded RNA (ssRNA), and can recognize ssRNA viruses such as Influenza, Sendai, and Coxsackie B viruses. TLR8 binding to the viral RNA recruits MyD88 and leads to activation of the transcription factor NF-κB and an antiviral response.^[10] TLR8 recognizes single-stranded RNA of viruses such as HIV and HCV.^[7]^[8]

TLR7 is functional both in human and mouse, but TLR8 is only functional in human.^[5]

Clinical significance

Genetic variants in TLR8 has recently been linked to susceptibility to pulmonary tuberculosis.^[11]

As a drug target

TLR8 agonists (e.g. VTX-2337) have undergone clinical trials as immune stimulants in combination therapy for some cancers.^[12]

References

^ "Human PubMed Reference:".
^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:".
^ Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B (September 2000). "Three novel mammalian toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution". European Cytokine Network. 11 (3): 362–71. PMID 11022119.
^ Demaria O, Pagni PP, Traub S, de Gassart A, Branzk N, Murphy AJ, Valenzuela DM, Yancopoulos GD, Flavell RA, Alexopoulou L (October 2010). "TLR8 deficiency leads to autoimmunity in mice". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120 (10): 3651–62. PMC 2947223 . PMID 20811154. doi:10.1172/JCI42081.
^ ^a ^b Sarvestani ST, Williams BR, Gantier MP (August 2012). "Human Toll-like receptor 8 can be cool too: implications for foreign RNA sensing". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 32 (8): 350–61. PMID 22817608. doi:10.1089/jir.2012.0014.
^ "Entrez Gene: TLR8 toll-like receptor 8".
^ ^a ^b Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S, Lipford G, Wagner H, Bauer S (March 2004). "Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8". Science. 303 (5663): 1526–9. Bibcode:2004Sci...303.1526H. PMID 14976262. doi:10.1126/science.1093620.
^ ^a ^b Zhang Y, El-Far M, Dupuy FP, Abdel-Hakeem MS, He Z, Procopio FA, Shi Y, Haddad EK, Ancuta P, Sekaly RP, Said EA (July 2016). "HCV RNA Activates APCs via TLR7/TLR8 While Virus Selectively Stimulates Macrophages Without Inducing Antiviral Responses". Scientific Reports. 6: 29447. Bibcode:2016NatSR...629447Z. PMC 4935957 . PMID 27385120. doi:10.1038/srep29447.
^ Peng G, Guo Z, Kiniwa Y, Voo KS, Peng W, Fu T, Wang DY, Li Y, Wang HY, Wang RF (August 2005). "Toll-like receptor 8-mediated reversal of CD4+ regulatory T cell function". Science. 309 (5739): 1380–4. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1380P. PMID 16123302. doi:10.1126/science.1113401.
^ "TLR7 and TLR8: Key players in the antiviral response - Innate immunity". invivoGen. Fall 2006.
^ Davila S, Hibberd ML, Hari Dass R, Wong HE, Sahiratmadja E, Bonnard C, Alisjahbana B, Szeszko JS, Balabanova Y, Drobniewski F, van Crevel R, van de Vosse E, Nejentsev S, Ottenhoff TH, Seielstad M (October 2008). "Genetic association and expression studies indicate a role of toll-like receptor 8 in pulmonary tuberculosis". PLoS Genetics. 4 (10): e1000218. PMC 2568981 . PMID 18927625. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000218.
^ Immune Stimulant No Help When Added to Chemotherapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. March 2017

External links

Toll-Like Receptor 8 at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

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This article on a gene on the human X chromosome and/or its associated protein is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. Toll様受容体：疾患および治療における役割 toll like receptors roles in disease and therapy
2. 肥満細胞：表面受容体とシグナル伝達 mast cells surface receptors and signal transduction
3. ヘルパーT細胞サブセット：疾患における分化および役割 t helper subsets differentiation and role in disease
4. 混合性結合組織病における抗U1-RNP抗体 anti u1 rnp antibodies in mixed connective tissue disease
5. ヒトヘルペスウイルス8感染のウイルス学、疫学、および伝播 virology epidemiology and transmission of human herpesvirus 8 infection

English Journal

Promising Role of Toll-Like Receptor 8 Agonist in Concert with Prostratin for Activation of Silent HIV.

Rochat MA1, Schlaepfer E2, Speck RF2.
Journal of virology.J Virol.2016 Dec 7. pii: JVI.02084-16. [Epub ahead of print]
The persistence of latently HIV-infected cells in patients under combined anti-retroviral treatment (cART) remains the major hurdle for HIV eradication. Thus far, individual compounds have not been sufficiently potent to reactivate latent virus and guarantee its elimination in vivo Thus, we hypothes
PMID 27928016

Phase 1b Trial of the Toll-Like Receptor 8 Agonist, Motolimod (VTX-2337), Combined with Cetuximab in Patients with Recurrent or Metastatic SCCHN.

Chow LQ1, Morishima C2, Eaton KD3, Baik CS4, Goulart BH5, Anderson LN6, Manjarrez KL7, Dietsch GN8, Bryan JK9, Hershberg RM10, Disis ML11, Martins RG12.
Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.Clin Cancer Res.2016 Nov 3. pii: clincanres.1934.2016. [Epub ahead of print]
PURPOSE: As toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key mediators of immune responses, TLR agonists may be important for augmenting the efficacy of therapies for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). Motolimod (VTX-2337), a selective small-molecule agonist of TLR8, stimulates NK cells, dendri
PMID 27810904

Adaptive evolution of virus-sensing toll-like receptor 8 in bats.

Schad J1, Voigt CC2.
Immunogenetics.Immunogenetics.2016 Nov;68(10):783-795. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
Recently, bats have gained attention as potential reservoir hosts for emerging zoonotic single-stranded (ssRNA) viruses that may prove fatal for humans and other mammals. It has been hypothesized that some features of their innate immune system may enable bats to trigger an efficient early immune re
PMID 27502317

Japanese Journal

Failure of mycoplasma lipoprotein MALP-2 to induce NK cell activation through dendritic cell TLR2

Sawahata Ryoko,Shime Hiroaki,Yamazaki Sayuri,Inoue Norimitsu,Akazawa Takashi,Fujimoto Yukari,Fukase Koichi,Matsumoto Misako,Seya Tsukasa
Microbes and Infection 13(4), 350-358, 2011-04
… Macrophage-activating lipopeptide 2 (MALP-2), a mycoplasmal diacylated lipopeptide with palmitic acid moiety (Pam2), activates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 to induce inflammatory cytokines. …
NAID 120002912001

TLR7 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the 3' untranslated region and intron 2 independently contribute to systemic lupus erythematosus in Japanese women: a case-control association study

Kawasaki Aya,Furukawa Hiroshi,Kondo Yuya,Ito Satoshi,Hayashi Taichi,Kusaoi Makio,Matsumoto Isao,Tohma Shigeto,Takasaki Yoshinari,Hashimoto Hiroshi,Sumida Takayuki,Tsuchiya Naoyuki,近藤裕也,伊藤聡,林太智,松本功,住田孝之,土屋尚之
Arthritis research & therapy 13(2), R41-1, 2011-03
… IntroductionThe Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) gene, encoded on human chromosome Xp22.3, is crucial for type I interferon production. …
NAID 120003221456

「Toll様受容体8」

TLR8
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	3W3G, 3W3J, 3W3K, 3W3L, 3W3M, 3W3N, 3WN4, 4QBZ, 4QC0, 4R07, 4R08, 4R09, 4R0A, 4R6A, 5AWB, 5AWD, 5HDH, 5AWA
Identifiers
Aliases	TLR8, CD288, toll like receptor 8
External IDs	MGI: 2176887 HomoloGene: 44054 GeneCards: TLR8
Gene ontology
Molecular function	• DNA binding; • single-stranded RNA binding; • drug binding; • RNA binding; • double-stranded RNA binding; • receptor activity;
Cellular component	• integral component of membrane; • endoplasmic reticulum membrane; • membrane; • Golgi membrane; • endolysosome membrane; • endosome membrane; • integral component of plasma membrane; • external side of plasma membrane;
Biological process	• regulation of protein phosphorylation; • immune system process; • positive regulation of interferon-gamma biosynthetic process; • regulation of cytokine secretion; • positive regulation of interferon-beta biosynthetic process; • response to virus; • MyD88-dependent toll-like receptor signaling pathway; • microglial cell activation; • cellular response to mechanical stimulus; • defense response to virus; • immunoglobulin mediated immune response; • positive regulation of innate immune response; • positive regulation of interleukin-8 biosynthetic process; • toll-like receptor 9 signaling pathway; • positive regulation of interferon-alpha biosynthetic process; • I-kappaB kinase/NF-kappaB signaling; • signal transduction; • innate immune response; • inflammatory response; • toll-like receptor signaling pathway; • toll-like receptor 8 signaling pathway; • positive regulation of interleukin-1 beta secretion; • positive regulation of interleukin-6 secretion; • negative regulation of interleukin-12 secretion;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
RNA expression pattern
	More reference expression data
Orthologs
	51311
	170744
	ENSG00000101916
	ENSMUSG00000040522
	Q9NR97
	P58682
	NM_016610; NM_138636
	NM_133212; NM_001313760; NM_001313761
	NP_057694; NP_619542
	NP_001300689; NP_001300690; NP_573475
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

　　[★]

英: Toll-like receptor 8、TLR8
関: Toll様レセプター8

「Toll様レセプター8」

　　[★]

英: Toll-like receptor 8
関: Toll様受容体8

「TLR8」

　　[★]

Toll様受容体8

関: Toll-like receptor 8

「like」

　　[★]

v.

好む

prep.

似ている、同様の

関: alike、as well as、care for、correspond、correspondingly、equally、favor、identically、likewise、prefer、resemble、same、similar、similarly、such

「toll」

　　[★]

n.

料金

関: fare

[1] "Human PubMed Reference:".

[2] "Mouse PubMed Reference:".

[pmid11022119-3] Du X, Poltorak A, Wei Y, Beutler B (September 2000). "Three novel mammalian toll-like receptors: gene structure, expression, and evolution". European Cytokine Network. 11 (3): 362–71. PMID 11022119.

[pmid20811154-4] Demaria O, Pagni PP, Traub S, de Gassart A, Branzk N, Murphy AJ, Valenzuela DM, Yancopoulos GD, Flavell RA, Alexopoulou L (October 2010). "TLR8 deficiency leads to autoimmunity in mice". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 120 (10): 3651–62. PMC 2947223 . PMID 20811154. doi:10.1172/JCI42081.

[pmid22817608-5] Sarvestani ST, Williams BR, Gantier MP (August 2012). "Human Toll-like receptor 8 can be cool too: implications for foreign RNA sensing". Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research. 32 (8): 350–61. PMID 22817608. doi:10.1089/jir.2012.0014.

[6] "Entrez Gene: TLR8 toll-like receptor 8".

[pmid14976262-7] Heil F, Hemmi H, Hochrein H, Ampenberger F, Kirschning C, Akira S, Lipford G, Wagner H, Bauer S (March 2004). "Species-specific recognition of single-stranded RNA via toll-like receptor 7 and 8". Science. 303 (5663): 1526–9. Bibcode:2004Sci...303.1526H. PMID 14976262. doi:10.1126/science.1093620.

[pmid27385120-8] Zhang Y, El-Far M, Dupuy FP, Abdel-Hakeem MS, He Z, Procopio FA, Shi Y, Haddad EK, Ancuta P, Sekaly RP, Said EA (July 2016). "HCV RNA Activates APCs via TLR7/TLR8 While Virus Selectively Stimulates Macrophages Without Inducing Antiviral Responses". Scientific Reports. 6: 29447. Bibcode:2016NatSR...629447Z. PMC 4935957 . PMID 27385120. doi:10.1038/srep29447.

[pmid16123302-9] Peng G, Guo Z, Kiniwa Y, Voo KS, Peng W, Fu T, Wang DY, Li Y, Wang HY, Wang RF (August 2005). "Toll-like receptor 8-mediated reversal of CD4+ regulatory T cell function". Science. 309 (5739): 1380–4. Bibcode:2005Sci...309.1380P. PMID 16123302. doi:10.1126/science.1113401.

[url_invivoGen-10] "TLR7 and TLR8: Key players in the antiviral response - Innate immunity". invivoGen. Fall 2006.

[pmid1-11] Davila S, Hibberd ML, Hari Dass R, Wong HE, Sahiratmadja E, Bonnard C, Alisjahbana B, Szeszko JS, Balabanova Y, Drobniewski F, van Crevel R, van de Vosse E, Nejentsev S, Ottenhoff TH, Seielstad M (October 2008). "Genetic association and expression studies indicate a role of toll-like receptor 8 in pulmonary tuberculosis". PLoS Genetics. 4 (10): e1000218. PMC 2568981 . PMID 18927625. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000218.

[12] Immune Stimulant No Help When Added to Chemotherapy for Recurrent Ovarian Cancer. March 2017

v t e Proteins: clusters of differentiation (see also list of human clusters of differentiation)
1-50	CD1 a-c 1A 1D 1E CD2 CD3 γ δ ε CD4 CD5 CD6 CD7 CD8 a CD9 CD10 CD11 a b c d CD13 CD14 CD15 CD16 A B CD18 CD19 CD20 CD21 CD22 CD23 CD24 CD25 CD26 CD27 CD28 CD29 CD30 CD31 CD32 A B CD33 CD34 CD35 CD36 CD37 CD38 CD39 CD40 CD41 CD42 a b c d CD43 CD44 CD45 CD46 CD47 CD48 CD49 a b c d e f CD50
51-100	CD51 CD52 CD53 CD54 CD55 CD56 CD57 CD58 CD59 CD61 CD62 E L P CD63 CD64 A B C CD66 a b c d e f CD68 CD69 CD70 CD71 CD72 CD73 CD74 CD78 CD79 a b CD80 CD81 CD82 CD83 CD84 CD85 a d e h j k CD86 CD87 CD88 CD89 CD90 CD91 - CD92 CD93 CD94 CD95 CD96 CD97 CD98 CD99 CD100
101-150	CD101 CD102 CD103 CD104 CD105 CD106 CD107 a b CD108 CD109 CD110 CD111 CD112 CD113 CD114 CD115 CD116 CD117 CD118 CD119 CD120 a b CD121 a b CD122 CD123 CD124 CD125 CD126 CD127 CD129 CD130 CD131 CD132 CD133 CD134 CD135 CD136 CD137 CD138 CD140b CD141 CD142 CD143 CD144 CD146 CD147 CD148 CD150
151-200	CD151 CD152 CD153 CD154 CD155 CD156 a b c CD157 CD158 (a d e i k) CD159 a c CD160 CD161 CD162 CD163 CD164 CD166 CD167 a b CD168 CD169 CD170 CD171 CD172 a b g CD174 CD177 CD178 CD179 a b CD180 CD181 CD182 CD183 CD184 CD185 CD186 CD191 CD192 CD193 CD194 CD195 CD196 CD197 CDw198 CDw199 CD200
201-250	CD201 CD202b CD204 CD205 CD206 CD207 CD208 CD209 CDw210 a b CD212 CD213a 1 2 CD217 CD218 (a b) CD220 CD221 CD222 CD223 CD224 CD225 CD226 CD227 CD228 CD229 CD230 CD233 CD234 CD235 a b CD236 CD238 CD239 CD240CE CD240D CD241 CD243 CD244 CD246 CD247 - CD248 CD249
251-300	CD252 CD253 CD254 CD256 CD257 CD258 CD261 CD262 CD263 CD264 CD265 CD266 CD267 CD268 CD269 CD271 CD272 CD273 CD274 CD275 CD276 CD278 CD279 CD280 CD281 CD282 CD283 CD284 CD286 CD288 CD289 CD290 CD292 CDw293 CD294 CD295 CD297 CD298 CD299
301-350	CD300A CD301 CD302 CD303 CD304 CD305 CD306 CD307 CD309 CD312 CD314 CD315 CD316 CD317 CD318 CD320 CD321 CD322 CD324 CD325 CD326 CD328 CD329 CD331 CD332 CD333 CD334 CD335 CD336 CD337 CD338 CD339 CD340 CD344 CD349 CD350

リンク元	「Toll様受容体8」「Toll様レセプター8」「TLR8」
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Toll-like receptor 8