関: chinook salmon、chum salmon、Oncorhynchus keta、Oncorhynchus nerka、Oncorhynchus tshawytscha、salmon、salmonid、Salmonidae、sockeye salmon

WordNet

a pale pinkish orange color
any of various large food and game fishes of northern waters; usually migrate from salt to fresh water to spawn
flesh of any of various marine or freshwater fish of the family Salmonidae
soft-finned fishes of cold and temperate waters
salmon and trout (同)family Salmonidae

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〈C〉(魚の)『サケ』;〈U〉サケの肉 / 〈U〉サケの肉の色,サーモンピンク(黄色がかったピンク色)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/11/19 16:16:21」(JST)

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Salmonidae is the name of a family of ray-finned fish, the only living family currently placed in the order Salmoniformes. It includes salmon, trout, chars, freshwater whitefishes, and graylings. The Atlantic salmon and trout of the genus Salmo give the family and order their names.

Salmonids have a relatively primitive appearance among the teleost fish, with the pelvic fins being placed far back, and an adipose fin towards the rear of the back. They are slender fish, with rounded scales and forked tails. Their mouths contain a single row of sharp teeth.^[2] Although the smallest species is just 13 cm (5.1 in) long as an adult, most are much larger, with the largest reaching 2 m (6.6 ft).^[1]

All salmonids spawn in fresh water, but in many cases, the fish spend most of their lives at sea, returning to the rivers only to reproduce. This lifecycle is described as anadromous. They are predators, feeding on small crustaceans, aquatic insects, and smaller fish.^[2]

Evolution

Enchodus petrosus mounted skeleton cast in the Rocky Mountain Dinosaur Resource Center in Woodland Park, Colorado

Current salmonids arose from three lineages: whitefish (Coregoninae), graylings (Thymallinae), and the char, trout, and salmons (Salmonidae). Generally, all three lineages are accepted to share a suite of derived traits indicating a monophyletic group.^[3]

The Salmonidae first appear in the fossil record in the middle Eocene with the fossil Eosalmo driftwoodensis, which was first described from fossils found at Driftwood Creek, central British Columbia. This genus shares traits found in the Salmoninae, whitefish, and grayling lineages. Hence, E. driftwoodensis is an archaic salmonid, representing an important stage in salmonid evolution.^[3]

A gap appears in the salmonine fossil record after E. driftwoodensis until about seven million years ago (mya), in the late Miocene, when trout-like fossils appear in Idaho, in the Clarkia Lake beds.^[4] Several of these species appear to be Oncorhynchus—the current genus for Pacific salmon and some trout. The presence of these species so far inland established that Oncorhynchus was not only present in the Pacific drainages before the beginning of the Pliocene (~5–6 mya), but also that rainbow and cutthroat trout, and Pacific salmon lineages had diverged before the beginning of the Pliocene. Consequently, the split between Oncorhynchus and Salmo (Atlantic salmon) must have occurred well before the Pliocene. Suggestions have gone back as far as the early Miocene (about 20 mya).^[3]^[5]

Classification

Together with the closely related Esociformes (the pikes and related fishes), Osmeriformes (e.g. smelts), and Argentiniformes, the Salmoniformes comprise the superorder Protacanthopterygii.

The Salmonidae (and Salmoniformes) are divided into three subfamilies and around 10 genera:^[1]

Order Salmoniformes

Family: Salmonidae
- Subfamily: Coregoninae
  - Coregonus - whitefishes (78 species)
  - Prosopium - round whitefishes (six species)
  - Stenodus - inconnu (one or two species)
- Subfamily: Thymallinae
  - Thymallus - graylings (13 species)
- Subfamily: Salmoninae
  - Brachymystax - lenoks (three species)
  - † Eosalmo (one species)
  - Hucho (five species)
  - Oncorhynchus - Pacific salmon and trout (12 species)
  - Salmo - Atlantic salmon and trout (43 species)
  - Salvelinus - Char and trout (e.g. brook trout, lake trout) (51 species)
  - Salvethymus (one species)

Timeline of genera

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2008). "Salmonidae" in FishBase. December 2008 version.
^ ^a ^b McDowell, Robert M. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N., ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 114–116. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.
^ ^a ^b ^c McPhail, J.D.; Strouder, D.J. (1997). "Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options". The Origin and Speciation of Oncorhynchus. New York, New York: Chapman & Hall.
^ Smiley, Charles J. "Late Cenozoic History of the Pacific Northwest". Association for the Advancement of Science: Pacific Division. Retrieved 2006-08-08. ^{[dead link]}
^ Montgomery, David R. (2000). "Coevolution of the Pacific Salmon and Pacific Rim Topography". Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington. Retrieved 2006-08-08. ^{[dead link]}

English Journal

Fish consumption as a source of human exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances in Italy: analysis of two edible fish from Lake Maggiore.

Squadrone S1, Ciccotelli V2, Favaro L2, Scanzio T2, Prearo M2, Abete MC2.
Chemosphere.Chemosphere.2014 Nov;114:181-6. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.04.085. Epub 2014 May 17.
Extensive screening analyses of perfluorooctane sulfonate and related perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in biota samples from all over the world have identified PFCs as global pollutants and have shown their bioaccumulation into higher trophic levels in the food chain. Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) an
PMID 25113200

Environmental levels of the antidepressant venlafaxine impact the metabolic capacity of rainbow trout.

Best C1, Melnyk-Lamont N1, Gesto M1, Vijayan MM2.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Aquat Toxicol.2014 Oct;155:190-8. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.014. Epub 2014 Jun 28.
The antidepressant venlafaxine is detected at parts per billion levels in tertiary-treated municipal wastewater effluent. However, the impact of this serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) on non-target aquatic animals is poorly understood. We tested the hypothesis that environmentally r
PMID 25036621

Gill remodeling in three freshwater teleosts in response to high environmental ammonia.

Sinha AK1, Matey V2, Giblen T3, Blust R3, De Boeck G3.
Aquatic toxicology (Amsterdam, Netherlands).Aquat Toxicol.2014 Oct;155:166-80. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.018. Epub 2014 Jul 3.
The present study aimed to determine whether gill macro- and microstructure show compensatory responses in three freshwater fish differing in their sensitivity to high environmental ammonia (HEA). The highly ammonia-sensitive salmonid Oncorhynchus mykiss (rainbow trout), the less ammonia-sensitive c
PMID 25033244

Japanese Journal

An Amphibian Acanthocephalan, Acanthocephalus lucidus (Echinorhynchida: Echinorhynchidae), Infecting a Fish, Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis (Salmoniformes: Salmonidae)

Species diversity 19(2), 151-156, 2014-11
NAID 110009872239

チョウモドキの新宿主と日本における自然分布に関する論議

Journal of the Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University 47, 23-28, 2008-12-20
NAID 120005749987

寄生虫を生物標識として河川に放流された琵琶湖産アユを識別する可能性

水産増殖 55(3), 477-481, 2007-09-20
NAID 10019951695

Related Pictures

Westslope Cutthroat Trout | The westslope cutthroat trout (O… | Flickr Salmoniformes Huchen - Wikipedia Salmon & Trout - Salmoniformes Salmoniformes - Peces - Paradais Sphynx lab test 2 - Ecology And Evolutionary Biology 474 with Hulsey at University of Final Practical - Biological Sciences 450 with James at Central Washington University

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「salmonid」「salmon」「Oncorhynchus nerka」「Oncorhynchus keta」「Salmonidae」

「salmonid」

Salmonidae; Temporal range: Upper Cretaceous–Recent PreЄ Є O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Infraclass:	Teleostei
Superorder:	Protacanthopterygii
Order:	Salmoniformes; Bleeker, 1859
Family:	Salmonidae; G. Cuvier, 1816
Genera
	(see text)

　　[★]

サケ類、サケ科の

関: chinook salmon、chum salmon、Oncorhynchus keta、Oncorhynchus nerka、Oncorhynchus tshawytscha、salmon、Salmonidae、Salmoniformes、sockeye salmon

「salmon」

　　[★]

サケ

関: chinook salmon、chum salmon、Oncorhynchus keta、Oncorhynchus nerka、Oncorhynchus tshawytscha、salmonid、Salmonidae、Salmoniformes、sockeye salmon

「Oncorhynchus nerka」

　　[★]

ベニザケ、ヒメマス

関: chinook salmon、chum salmon、Oncorhynchus keta、Oncorhynchus tshawytscha、salmon、salmonid、Salmonidae、Salmoniformes、sockeye salmon

「Oncorhynchus keta」

　　[★]

サケ、シロザケ

関: chinook salmon、chum salmon、Oncorhynchus nerka、Oncorhynchus tshawytscha、salmon、salmonid、Salmonidae、Salmoniformes、sockeye salmon

「Salmonidae」

　　[★]

サケ科

関: chinook salmon、chum salmon、Oncorhynchus keta、Oncorhynchus nerka、Oncorhynchus tshawytscha、salmon、salmonid、Salmoniformes、sockeye salmon

[FB-1] Froese, Rainer, and Daniel Pauly, eds. (2008). "Salmonidae" in FishBase. December 2008 version.

[EoF-2] McDowell, Robert M. (1998). Paxton, J.R. & Eschmeyer, W.N., ed. Encyclopedia of Fishes. San Diego: Academic Press. pp. 114–116. ISBN 0-12-547665-5.

[McPhail-3] McPhail, J.D.; Strouder, D.J. (1997). "Pacific Salmon and Their Ecosystems: Status and Future Options". The Origin and Speciation of Oncorhynchus. New York, New York: Chapman & Hall.

[4] Smiley, Charles J. "Late Cenozoic History of the Pacific Northwest". Association for the Advancement of Science: Pacific Division. Retrieved 2006-08-08. ^{[dead link]}

[Montgomery-5] Montgomery, David R. (2000). "Coevolution of the Pacific Salmon and Pacific Rim Topography". Department of Geological Sciences, University of Washington. Retrieved 2006-08-08. ^{[dead link]}

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Salmoniformes