出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/09/26 11:55:11」(JST)
| Cotton-Top Tamarin[1][2] | |
|---|---|
| At Singapore Zoo | |
| Conservation status | |
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Critically Endangered (IUCN 3.1)[3] |
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Order: | Primates |
| Family: | Callitrichidae |
| Genus: | Saguinus |
| Species: | S. oedipus |
| Binomial name | |
| Saguinus oedipus (Linnaeus, 1758) |
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| Geographic range | |
The cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus), also known as the Pinché tamarin[citation needed], is a small New World monkey weighing less than 1 lb (0.5 kg). It is found in tropical forest edges and secondary forests where it is arboreal and diurnal.
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Saguinus oedipus goes by the common names "cotton-top tamarin" or "cotton-headed tamarin" in English. In Spanish, Saguinus oedipus is commonly called " bichichi", "tití pielroja", "tití blanco", "tití cabeza blanca", or "tití leoncito". In French it is called "tamarin á perruque", "tamarin d'oedipe", or "tamarin pinche".[3] In German-speaking areas, the cottontop tamarin is commonly known as "Lisztaffe" (literally "Liszt monkey") most likely due to the resemblance of its hairstyle with that of Hungarian composer and piano virtuoso Franz Liszt.[4]
The species was described by Linnaeus in 1758.[3]
Hershkovitz performed a taxonomic analysis of the species in 1977, classifying the Panamanian tamarin as a subspecies of Saguinus oedipus, which is strictly Colombian, based on fur coloration patterns, cranial and mandibular morphology, and the size of the ears.[5]
Other analyses made by Hernandez-Camacho & Cooper (1976) and later Mittermeier and Coimbra-Filho in 1981 [5] and finally Grooves (2001) [6] consider the oedipus and geoffroyi types to be distinct species.
Some researchers, such as Thorington (1976) [5] posit that S. oedipus is more closely related to the white-footed tamarin (S. leucopus) than to S. geoffroyi, a view supported by a multivariate analysis of dental morphology by Hanihara & Natori (1987) and by work done by Skinner in 1991, which found more similarity between S. oedipus and S. leucopus in 16 out of 17 morphological traits considered.[5]
It has been proposed that this species of white-headed tamarin diverged from the other Amazonian forms like S. leucopus; the evidence for this is found in the transition of the juvenile to the adult, during which the patterns of fur coloration change significantly and are similar between the two species.[7] Hershkovitz proposed that the separation of the two species happened in the Pleistocene at the height of the Atrato river where it intersected the Cauca-Magdalena, when the area was covered by a sea, which created a geographic barrier that led to the reproductive separation that caused the divergence of the species, which today are principally separated by the Atrata river.[7]
This tamarin species has a long sagittal crest, white hairs from forehead to nape flowing over the shoulders ("Cottontop"). The skin of the face is black, with gray or white bands above the eyes that continue along the edge of the face down to the jaw.[8] The back is brown, and the underparts, arms and legs are whitish-yellow. The rump and inner thighs and upper tail are reddish-orange.[7] It is considered one of the bare-faced tamarins because of the lack of facial hair. Its lower canine teeth are longer than its incisors, so it seems as if it has small tusks. It is about the size of a squirrel.[9] The males are only slightly larger than females. A medium cottontop tamarin weighs 432 g.[7] Tamarins are among the smallest of the primates. Head/body length of this species is 17 cm.[10] The tail is slightly longer than the body and is not prehensile.[8] Forelimbs are shorter than the hind limbs. Like other members of the Callithrix family, It has claws on most of its fingers and toes. Only the big toe has the flat nails that most other primates have.
It has fur covering all external surfaces of the body except the palms of the hands and feet, the eyelids, the borders of the nostrils, the nipples, anus and penis. The fur is distributed with varying densities throughout the body: the genital region (scrotum and pubic zone), axilla, and the base of the tail have lower densities, while the foreword region is very high. It has supraorbital and mystacial whiskers. It can display stripes or whorls of fur of striking coloration in the gular region.[7]
The cottontop tamarin vocalizes with birdlike whistles, soft chirping sounds, high-pitched trilling, and staccato calls. Researchers say its repertoire of 38 distinct sounds is unusually sophisticated, conforming to grammatical rules and able to express curiosity, fear, dismay, playfulness, warnings, joy, and calls to young.[10] It has loud territorial songs as well as songs when it is excited. It moves its tongue across the lips. This may be a recognition signal, or could be used to communicate anger or curiosity. A "threat face" consists of lowering the forehead until it forms a bulge which almost covers the eyes; the lips are pushed forward and the head and neck crests are erected. This apparently is sufficient since no other body language is used.
Life span in captivity has been as high as 25 years whereas life span in the wild is about 13–16 years. The wild population is estimated at about 6000, with 2000 adults.[3] This species is critically endangered, having lost more than three-quarters of its original habitat to deforestation.[11] Clearing of forest habitat by humans is the main problem and populations have also been depleted by the pet trade and scientific research. They are now protected by international law; although they are numerous in captivity, they are still critically endangered in the wild. The species is considered to be one of "The World's 25 Most Endangered Primates."[12]
The Proyecto Tití was started in 1985 to provide information to assist in conservation of the cottontop tamarin and their habitat. Proyecto Tití's programs combine field research, education and community programs. PT now has partner status with the Wildlife Conservation Network.[13]
| Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Cottontop tamarin |
Cottontop Tamarin in the Tierpark Bad Pyrmont
Cottontop Tamarins grooming each other. Bronx Zoo, New York City.
A Cottontop Tamarin at the Salzburg Zoo.
Cottontop Tamarin in Perth Zoo
Cottontop Tamarin in Parco Le Cornelle, Valbrembo, Italy
Two Cottontop Tamarins feed at Ueno Zoo, in Japan. (video)
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| リンク元 | 「ワタボウシタマリン」 |
| 関連記事 | 「Saguinus」「Oedipus」 |