SNEP

感覚神経誘発電位

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/03/29 12:52:02」(JST)

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• 全国音楽出版組合（Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique） - フランスの音楽業界団体
• スネップ（Solitary Non-Employed Persons） - 孤立無業者

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"SNEP" redirects here. For other uses, see Snep (disambiguation).

The National Syndicate of Phonographic Publishing (French: Syndicat national de l'édition phonographique; SNEP) is the inter-professional organization which protects the interests of the French record industry. SNEP was established in 1922, and has 48 member companies.

SNEP's responsibilities include collecting and distributing royalty payments for broadcast and performance, preventing copyright infringement of its members' works (including music piracy), and sales certification of silver, gold, platinum and diamond records and videos. SNEP also compiles weekly official charts of France's top-selling music, including singles and albums.

Official charts

Since September 2002, official charts are as follows:

• Top 100 best sold singles
• Top 150 best sold albums ("nouveautés") sold at full price,
• Top 40 best compilations ("nouveautés") sold at full price
• Top 40 best sold albums and compilations ("long" format) sold at mid-price or budget price

Criterion: The following guidelines are applied:

• "Nouveauté" album means its first day of release is less than 2 years
• Full price album means the catalogue price of album sold is €10 or higher
• The albums whose release is more than 2 years and/or sale price lower than €10 are excluded from the "nouveauté" charts.
• The albums sold at "mid-price" or "budget price" are classified in a separate chart and also includes long albums sold at discounted prices.

Sales charts: Significant milestones and achievements

Taken from lescharts.com.

Artists: Most number-one hits

Number	Artist	Songs
17	Mylène Farmer	"Pourvu qu'elles soient douces", "Désenchantée", "XXL", "Slipping Away (Crier la vie)", "Dégénération", "Appelle mon numéro", "Si j'avais au moins...", "C'est dans l'air", "Sextonik", "Oui mais... non", "Bleu noir", "Lonely Lisa", "À l'ombre", "Stolen Car", "City of Love", "Rolling Stone", "Libertine"
6	Céline Dion	"Pour que tu m'aimes encore", "Je sais pas", "My Heart Will Go on", "Sous le vent", "Et s'il n'en restait qu'une (je serais celle-là)", "Encore un soir"
	Rihanna	"Don't Stop the Music", "Man Down", "We Found Love", "Diamonds", "The Monster", "Work"
5	Johnny Hallyday	"Tous ensemble", "Marie", "Mon Plus Beau Noël", "La Loi du silence", "Ça n'finira jamais"
	Shakira	"Whenever, Wherever", "Hips Don't Lie", "Beautiful Liar", "Waka Waka (This Time for Africa)", "Je l'aime à mourir"
	Michael Youn1	"Stach Stach", "Le Frunkp", "Fous ta cagoule", "Mauvaise foi nocturne", "Parle à ma main"
4	Elton John	"Sacrifice", "Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me", "Can You Feel the Love Tonight", "Something about the Way You Look Tonight / Candle in the Wind 1997"
	Garou	"Belle", "Seul", "Sous le vent", "La Rivière de notre enfance"
	Stromae	"Alors on danse", "Papaoutai", "Formidable", "Tous les mêmes"
	Daft Punk	"One More Time", "Get Lucky", "Starboy", "I Feel It Coming"
3	Adele	"Someone Like You", "Skyfall", "Hello"
	Beyoncé	”Beautiful Liar”, “Runnin' (Lose It All)”, “Perfect”
	Britney Spears	"...Baby One More Time", "Womanizer", "Scream & Shout"
	Crazy Frog	"Axel F", "Popcorn", "We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)"
	David Guetta	"Gettin' Over You" , "Sweat", "Dangerous"
	Florent Pagny	"N'importe quoi", "Savoir aimer", "Ma Liberté de penser"
	François Feldman	"Les Valses de Vienne", "Petit Frank", "Joy"
	Lady Gaga	"Poker Face", "Bad Romance", "Perfect Illusion"
	Madonna	"La Isla Bonita", "Don't Cry for Me Argentina", "Hung Up"
	Michael Jackson	"Black or White", "You Are Not Alone", "You Rock My World"
	Pharrell Williams	"Get Lucky", "Blurred Lines", "Happy"
	Tragédie	"Hey Oh", "Sexy pour moi", "Gentleman"

¹ All the singles recorded under one of his pseudonyms or as member of his bands are included

Artists: Most weeks at number one

Weeks	Artist	Details by songs1
40	Céline Dion	12 ("Pour que tu m'aimes encore") + 7 ("Je sais pas") + 13 ("The Reason" / "My Heart Will Go on") + 3 ("Sous le vent") + 1 ("Et s'il n'en restait qu'une (je serai celle-là)") + 4 ("Encore un soir")
37	Garou	18 ("Belle") + 3 ("Sous le vent") + 11 ("Seul") + 5 ("La Rivière de notre enfance")
	Michael Youn2	10 ("Stach Stach") + 7 ("Le Frunkp") + 8 ("Fous ta cagoule") + 5 ("Mauvaise foi nocturne") + 7 ("Parle à ma main")
36	Pharrell Williams	8 ("Get Lucky") + 6 (Blurred Lines") + 22 ("Happy")
32	Mylène Farmer	9 ("Désenchantée") + 5 ("Pourvu qu'elles soient douces") + 1 ("XXL") + 1 ("Slipping Away (Crier la vie)") + 1 ("Dégénération") + 1 ("Appelle mon numéro") + 1 ("Si j'avais au moins...") + 1 ("C'est dans l'air") + 1 ("Sextonik") + 3 ("Oui mais...Non") + 1 ("Bleu Noir") + 1 ("Lonely Lisa") + 1 ("À l'ombre") + 2 ("Stolen Car") + 1 ("City of Love") + 1 ("Rolling Stone") +1 ("Libertine")
26	Elton John	3 ("Sacrifice") + 7 ("Don't Let the Sun Go Down on Me") + 10 ("Can You Feel the Love Tonight") + 6 ("Something About the Way You Look Tonight" / "Candle in the Wind 1997")
25	Crazy Frog	13 ("Axel F") + 7 ("Popcorn") + 5 ("We Are the Champions (Ding a Dang Dong)")
23	Florent Pagny	8 ("N'importe quoi") + 9 ("Savoir aimer") + 6 ("Ma Liberté de penser")
21	Adele	4 ("Someone like you") + 6 ("Skyfall") + 11 ("Hello")
	Stromae	10 ("Alors on danse") + 4 ("Papaoutai") + 6 ("Formidable") + 1 ("Tous les memes")
20	Jordy	15 ("Dur dur d'être bébé") + 5 ("Alison")
	Lou Bega	20 ("Mambo n°5 (a Little Bit of...)")
	Patrick Fiori	18 ("Belle") + 2 ("4 Mots sur un piano")
	Shakira	4 ("Whenever, Wherever") + 1 ("Hips Don't Lie") + 2 ("Beautiful Liar") + 6 ("Waka Waka [This Time for Africa]") + 7 ("Je l'aime à mourir")

¹ Songs performed as duets and trios are included
² Songs performed within Brastisla Boys and Fatal Bazooka bands and as Alphonse Brown included

Artists: Most top 10 hits

Artist	Number
Mylène Farmer	49
Johnny Hallyday	32
David Guetta	25
Madonna	22
Rihanna	22
Michael Jackson	19
Celine Dion	17
Lady Gaga	16
Jean-Jacques Goldman	14
Britney Spears	13

Artists: Most top 50 entries

Artist	Number
Johnny Hallyday	78
Madonna	59
Mylène Farmer	57
David Guetta	42
Rihanna	37
Michael Jackson	36
Celine Dion	34

Songs: Most weeks at number one

Weeks	Song	Artist	Year
22	"Happy"	Pharrell Williams	2013
20	"Mambo nº 5 (A Little Bit of...)"	Lou Bega	1999
18	"Belle"	Daniel Lavoie, Patrick Fiori & Garou	1998
17	"Les Rois du monde (Roméo et Juliette)"	Philippe D'Avilla, Damien Sargue & Grégori Baquet	2000
16	"7 Seconds"	Youssou N'Dour & Neneh Cherry	1994
15	"Dur dur d'être bébé!"	Jordy	1992
	"Living on My Own"	Freddie Mercury	1993
	"Ces Soirées-là"	Yannick	2000
	"Dragostea Din Tei"	O-Zone	2004
	"Un Monde Parfait"	Ilona Mitrecey	2005
	"Prayer in C"	Lilly Wood and the Prick	2014
13	"Les Démons de minuit"	Images	1986
	"Viens boire un p'tit coup à la maison"	Licence IV	1987
	"Gangsta's Paradise"	Coolio (feat. L.V.)	1995
	"Freed from Desire"	Gala	1997
	"My Heart Will Go On"	Céline Dion	1998
	"Axel F"	Crazy Frog	2005
	"Mignon Mignon"	René la Taupe	2010

Songs: Biggest jump to number one

Position	Song	Artist	Date
97	"Lonely Lisa"	Mylène Farmer	July 9, 2011
70	"Relax, Take It Easy"	Mika	July 7, 2007
67	"Hung Up"	Madonna	November 12, 2005
64	"Baila morena"	Zucchero	February 25, 2006
64	"Gettin' Over You"	David Guetta & Chris Willis (feat. Fergie & LMFAO)	June 19, 2010
60	"Zidane y va marquer"	Cauet	July 15, 2006
49	"The Ketchup Song (Aserejé)"	Las Ketchup	September 14, 2002
47	"Nolwenn Ohwo!"	Nolwenn Leroy	January 28, 2006
26	"Spaceman"	Babylon Zoo	March 9, 1996
21	"Don't Cry for Me, Argentina"	Madonna	January 25, 1997

Songs: Most weeks in the top 10

Weeks	Song	Artist	Year
37	"Happy"	Pharrell Williams	2013
35	"Chandelier"	Sia	2014
31	"Belle"	Patrick Fiori, Garou and Daniel Lavoie	1998
	"Moi... Lolita"	Alizée	2000
30	"Pour que tu m'aimes encore"	Céline Dion	1995
	"L'Envie d'aimer"	Daniel Lévi	2000
28	"Un Monde parfait"	Ilona Mitrecey	2005
	"Tired of Being Sorry (Laisse le destin l'emporter)"	Enrique Iglesias and Nâdiya	2008
	"Prayer in C"	Lilly Wood and the Prick	2010
27	"Formidable"	Stromae	2013

Sales and streaming charts: Significant milestones and achievements

Songs: Most weeks at number one

Weeks	Song	Artist	Year
15	Shape of You	Ed Sheeran	2017
13	Despacito	Luis Fonsi feat. Daddy Yankee	2017
11	"Réseaux"	Niska	2017

Certification awards

Timeline

Albums

Time of issue	Certification	Until 30 October 1988	Until 30 June 2006	From 1 July 2006 to 30 June 2009	From 1 July 2009 to present
1999	Silver		50,000	35,000	Deleted
1 Jan 1973	Gold		100,000	75,000	50,000
1988	2× Gold		200,000	Deleted
1 May 1980	Platinum	400,000	300,000	200,000	100,000
1 Nov 1988	2× Platinum		600,000	400,000	200,000
1 Nov 1988	3× Platinum		900,000	600,000	300,000
1 Nov 1988	Diamond		1,000,000	750,000	500,000

^ Note: While the source provided for changes in certification-levels does not mention the changes for the silver, 2× Gold, 2× Platinum and 3× Platinum awards, the SNEP reduced the levels for those awards at the same time it reduced the levels for the Gold, Platinum and Diamond awards.

Singles

Time of issue	Certification	Until 30 Oct 1988	From 1 Nov 1988 to 28 Feb 1991	From 1 March 1991 to 30 April 2005	1 May 2005 to 30 June 2009	From 1 July 2009 to 17 March 2013	From March 2013 to january 2016	Since january 2016
1 July 1985	Silver	250,000	200,000	125,000	100,000	Deleted
1 January 1973	Gold	500,000	400,000	250,000	200,000	150,000	75,000	10,000,000 streams equivalent to 66,666 units
1 May 1980	Platinum	1,000,000	800,000	500,000	300,000	250,000	150,000	20,000,000 streams equivalent to 133,333 units
2 January 1997	Diamond			750,000	500,000	400,000	250,000	35,000,000 streams equivalent to 233,333 units

^ Note: Diamond-award represented 750,000 units from 2 January 1997 until 30 April 2005.

Videos

Certification (Instituted in 1989)	Before July 1, 2009	After July 1, 2009
Gold	10,000	7,500
Platinum	20,000	15,000
2× Platinum	40,000	30,000
3× Platinum	60,000	45,000
Diamond	100,000	60,000

See also

• List of number one hits in France
• List of artists who reached number one on the French Singles Chart
• List of best-selling albums in France
• Global music industry market share data

External links

• Disque en France, the official SNEP website
• LesCharts.com French charts archive

English Journal

• Reduction of amyloid-beta levels in mouse eye tissues by intra-vitreally delivered neprilysin.

• Parthasarathy R1, Chow KM2, Derafshi Z3, Fautsch MP4, Hetling JR3, Rodgers DW2, Hersh LB2, Pepperberg DR5.
• Experimental eye research.Exp Eye Res.2015 Sep;138:134-44. doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2015.06.027. Epub 2015 Jul 2.
• Amyloid-beta (Aβ) is a group of aggregation-prone, 38- to 43-amino acid peptides generated in the eye and other organs. Numerous studies suggest that the excessive build-up of low-molecular-weight soluble oligomers of Aβ plays a role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease and other brain degene
• PMID 26142956

• Prognostic Value and Kinetics of Soluble Neprilysin in Acute Heart Failure: A Pilot Study.

• Bayés-Genís A1, Barallat J2, Pascual D3, Nuñez J4, Miñana G5, Sánchez-Mas J3, Galan A2, Sanchis J6, Zamora E7, Pérez-Martínez MT3, Lupón J7.
• JACC. Heart failure.JACC Heart Fail.2015 Aug;3(8):641-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2015.03.006.
• OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the prognostic value of the soluble form of neprilysin (sNEP) in acute heart failure (AHF) and sNEP kinetics during hospital admission.BACKGROUND: sNEP was recently identified in chronic heart failure (HF) and was associated with cardiovascular outcomes.METHO
• PMID 26251092

• Robust hyperpolarized (13)C metabolic imaging with selective non-excitation of pyruvate (SNEP).

• Chen WC1, Teo XQ1, Lee MY1, Radda GK1, Lee P1.
• NMR in biomedicine.NMR Biomed.2015 Aug;28(8):1021-30. doi: 10.1002/nbm.3346. Epub 2015 Jun 28.
• In vivo metabolic imaging using hyperpolarized [1-(13)C]pyruvate provides localized biochemical information and is particularly useful in detecting early disease changes, as well as monitoring disease progression and treatment response. However, a major limitation of hyperpolarized magnetization is
• PMID 26119950

Japanese Journal

• 英国の貧困・社会的孤立の問題 : 日本のSNEP(孤立無業者)との関連で

• ヒューマンサービス研究 = Journal of human services 6, 56-65, 2016
• NAID 40021040684

• 書評 玄田有史著『孤立無業(SNEP)』(日本経済新聞出版社 2013年)

• キャリアデザイン研究 10, 291-294, 2014-09
• NAID 40020686776

• 書評 玄田有史著『孤立無業(SNEP)』

• 日本労働研究雑誌 56(7), 105-107, 2014-07
• NAID 40020134428

Related Links

• Accueil - SNEP

Le Syndicat national de l’édition phonographique est une association interprofessionnelle qui défend les intérêts de l’industrie française du disque phonographique depuis 1922 Découvrir le SNEP et ses membres

• 【ニートより悲惨】SNEP（スネップ）とは？ "大人のひきこもり ...

SNEP（スネップ）は孤立無業者ともいい、2012年に登場した新しい概念です。. NEET（ニート）が社会問題化している中で、SNEPも社会問題として取り上げられるようになっています。. SNEPについて、そして大人のひきこもりやNEETとの違いを考えます。. SNEPとは？. 大人のひきこもりともいわれる孤立無業者. SNEP（スネップ）とは、孤独で（solitary）無職（non-employed ...

• SNEPとは - コトバンク

人事労務用語辞典 の解説. 「SNEP」（スネップ）とは、Solitary Non-Employed Personsの頭文字を取った造語で、 NEET （ニート）研究の第一人者である東京大学社会科学研究所の玄田有史教授が2012年に発表した新概念を表す言葉です。. 20歳以上59歳以下の在学中を除く未婚無業者のうち、普段ずっと独りでいるか、一緒に過ごす相手が家族以外にはいない人たちのことを ...

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「感覚神経誘発電位」

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英

sensory nerve evoked potential, SNEP

同

感覚神経活動電位 sensory nerve action potential, SNAP

「SN」

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黒質

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nigra、nigral、substantia nigra