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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/07/20 09:17:37」(JST)

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1. 皮膚の良性病変の概要 overview of benign lesions of the skin
2. 手掌および足底の色素性病変のダーモスコピー dermoscopy of pigmented lesions of the palms and soles
3. パーキンソン病の病因および発症機序 etiology and pathogenesis of parkinson disease
4. 小児における運動減少性運動障害 bradykinetic movement disorders in children
5. レビー小体型認知症の疫学、病理学、および病因 epidemiology pathology and pathogenesis of dementia with lewy bodies

Parcellation of the human substantia nigra based on anatomical connectivity to the striatum.

Chowdhury R, Lambert C, Dolan RJ, Düzel E.SourceInstitute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London WC1N 3AR, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, University College London, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Electronic address: rumana.neuro@gmail.com.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2013 Nov 1;81:191-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.05.043. Epub 2013 May 16.
Substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area (SN/VTA) subregions, defined by dopaminergic projections to the striatum, are differentially affected by health (e.g. normal aging) and disease (e.g. Parkinson's disease). This may have an impact on reward processing which relies on dopaminergic regions and ci
PMID 23684858

Structural integrity of the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus predicts flexibility of instrumental learning in older-age individuals.

Chowdhury R, Guitart-Masip M, Lambert C, Dolan RJ, Düzel E.SourceInstitute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK; Wellcome Trust Centre for Neuroimaging, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK. Electronic address: rumana.chowdhury1979@gmail.com.
Neurobiology of aging.Neurobiol Aging.2013 Oct;34(10):2261-70. doi: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.03.030. Epub 2013 Apr 24.
Flexible instrumental learning is required to harness the appropriate behaviors to obtain rewards and to avoid punishments. The precise contribution of dopaminergic midbrain regions (substantia nigra/ventral tegmental area [SN/VTA]) to this form of behavioral adaptation remains unclear. Normal aging
PMID 23623600

Effect of long-term treatment with pramipexole or levodopa on presynaptic markers assessed by longitudinal [123I]FP-CIT SPECT and histochemistry.

Depboylu C, Maurer L, Matusch A, Hermanns G, Windolph A, Béhé M, Oertel WH, Höglinger GU.SourceDepartment of Neurology, Philipps University, D-35033 Marburg, Germany.
NeuroImage.Neuroimage.2013 Oct 1;79:191-200. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.076. Epub 2013 Apr 28.
A previous clinical trial studied the effect of long-term treatment with levodopa (LD) or the dopamine agonist pramipexole (PPX) on disease progression in Parkinson disease using SPECT with the dopamine transporter (DAT)-radioligand [(123)I]β-CIT as surrogate marker. [(123)I]β-CIT binding declined
PMID 23631981

Vetch aphid, Megoura crassicauda (Hemiptera: Aphididae), parasitism does not reduce the bean production of narrow-leaved vetch, Vicia sativa subsp. nigra (Fabaceae)