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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/01/08 00:30:00」(JST)

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Pichia (Hansenula and Hyphopichia are obsolete synonyms) is a genus of yeasts in the family Saccharomycetaceae with spherical, elliptical or oblong acuminate cells. Pichia is a teleomorph, and forms during sexual reproduction hat-shaped, hemispherical or round ascospores. The anamorphs of some Pichia species are Candida species. The asexual reproduction is by multilateral budding.

Lactose is neither fermented by this species nor assimilated. The behavior with regard to other carbohydrates is dependent on the different species. Nitrate is always assimilated.

Today more than 100 species of this genus are known. Some of them interfere with the fermentation process for alcohol production. In winemaking, some species of Pichia can create potential faults in wines.^[1] Most are found in decaying plants, some live in close symbiosis with insects, which live on decaying plants.

Some Pichia representatives can be found in raw milk and cheese, such as P. anomala (formerly named Hansenula anomala). P. anomala has been shown to combat the undesirable mold Aspergillus flavus, which contaminates food sources such as tree nuts and corn, and produces aflatoxins. Researchers of the Agricultural Research Service found that when pistachio trees were treated with P. anomala the growth of A. flavus was inhibited up to 97%. In addition to inhibiting A. flavus, the yeast may also help protect other agricultural crops from unwanted molds that affect the crop’s taste, texture, yield, and safety. [1] In smeared surface ripened cheese the most important species is P. membranifaciens that also occurs on cream cheese. The formation of a so-called pellicle is typical. Another member of the genus, P. pastoris is widely used in molecular biology and biotechnology as an expression system. P. angusta furthermore called Hansenula polymorpha or H. polymorpha, is a model organism for studying the functions of peroxisomes and their underlying molecular biology.

Some Pichia species (e.g. P. ohmeri) have recently been clinically been proven to be pathogens, better known as so-called opportunistic pathogens ^[2] in immunocompromised humans.

References[edit]

^ K. Fugelsang, C. Edwards Wine Microbiology Second Edition pgs 3-28 Springer Science and Business Media , New York (2010) ISBN 0387333495
^ Pichia Species, Doctor Fungus, url accessed 2006-12-21

External links[edit]

Pichia at ITIS
Pichia at NCBI Taxonomy browser
Pichia at Dr Fungus

UpToDate Contents

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1. 新生児における特殊な真菌感染症 unusual fungal infections in the neonate

English Journal

Enhanced anti-oxidative activity and lignocellulosic ethanol production by biotin addition to medium in Pichia guilliermondii fermentation.

Qi K1, Xia XX2, Zhong JJ3.
Bioresource technology.Bioresour Technol.2015 Aug;189:36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.089. Epub 2015 Feb 28.
Commercialization of lignocellulosic ethanol fermentation requires its high titer, but the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation during the bioprocess damaged the cells and compromised this goal. To improve the cellular anti-oxidative activity during non-detoxified corncob residue hydrolysate f
PMID 25864029

Microbiological and chemical characteristics of tarubá, an indigenous beverage produced from solid cassava fermentation.

Ramos CL1, Sousa ES2, Ribeiro J1, Almeida TM3, Santos CC1, Abegg MA3, Schwan RF4.
Food microbiology.Food Microbiol.2015 Aug;49:182-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fm.2015.02.005. Epub 2015 Feb 20.
The aim of this work was to identify and characterize the microbiota present during fermentation and in the final beverage, tarubá, by culture-dependent and -independent methods. In addition, target chemical compounds (carbohydrates, organic acids, and ethanol) were evaluated. Lactic acid bacteria
PMID 25846929

Screening, cloning and expression analysis of a cellulase derived from the causative agent of hypertrophy sorosis scleroteniosis, Ciboria shiraiana.

Lü R1, Zhao A2, Li J2, Liu C2, Wang C2, Wang X2, Wang X2, Pei R2, Lu C2, Yu M3.
Gene.Gene.2015 Jul 10;565(2):221-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.04.018. Epub 2015 Apr 10.
A cellulase gene (KJ700939, CsCelA) from Ciboria shiraiana that is highly expressed during the infection of mulberry fruit was screened by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Using cDNA isolated from infected mulberry fruits as template, the full-length 1170-bp sequence of CsCelA was obtained, whi
PMID 25865297

Japanese Journal

Acidic β-mannanase from Penicillium pinophilum C1: Cloning, characterization and assessment of its potential for animal feed application(ENZYMOLOGY, PROTEIN ENGINEERING, AND ENZYME TECHNOLOGY)

Cai Hongying,Shi Pengjun,Luo Huiying,Bai Yingguo,Huang Huoqing,Yang Peilong,Yao Bin
Journal of bioscience and bioengineering 112(6), 551-557, 2011-12
… The β-mannanase gene, man5C1, was cloned from Penicillium pinophilum C1, a strain isolated from the acidic wastewater of a tin mine in Yunnan, China, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. …
NAID 110008897327

ピキア酵母を宿主とするヒト組換えタンパク質の分泌発現 : 小型培養槽を使用したミッドカイン,プレイオトロフィン,および胆汁酸活性化リパーゼの小規模生産

村杉章
生物工学会誌 : seibutsu-kogaku kaishi 89(10), 570-583, 2011-10-25
… メタノール資化性酵母,ピキア酵母(Pichia pastoris)の異種タンパク質発現系は,現在ではいろいろなタンパク質の発現に広く使用されている.目的タンパク質を分泌することができる組換えピキア酵母細胞の高密度培養により,大量の目的タンパク質の,培地中への効率的な発現を達成できる可能性がある.筆者らは,このシステムを用いて,組換えピキア酵母の高密度培養により,3種のヒトタンパク質,サイトカイン(または成長因子) …
NAID 110008750626

Related Pictures

Pichia anomala pichia membranaefaciens The yeast Pichia pastoris , which GlycoFi in Pichia pastoris. TIMM0257 incubated at 35C for 48 hrs on Pichia anomala ( Candida pelliculosa Pichia yeasts Pichia guilliermondii

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ピキア属」「ピキア」「hansenula」
拡張検索	「Pichia guilliermondii」「Pichia属」「Pichia pastoris」

「ピキア属」

Pichia
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Fungi
Phylum:	Ascomycota
Subphylum:	Saccharomycotina
Class:	Saccharomycetes
Order:	Saccharomycetales
Family:	Saccharomycetaceae
Genus:	Pichia; Hansen, 1904
Species
	P. farinosa; P. anomala; P. heedii; P. guilliermondii; P. kluyveri; P. membranifaciens; P. norvegensis; P. ohmeri; P. pastoris; Pichia methanolica; P. subpelliculosa;
Synonyms
	Hansenula;