関: algal virus

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/21 13:19:35」(JST)

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Phycodnaviruses (members of the family Phycodnaviridae) are large (160 to 560 thousand base pairs), double stranded DNA viruses that infect marine or freshwater eukaryotic algae. They belong to a super-group of large viruses known as nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs).

Virology[edit]

Phycodnaviruses have icosahedral morphology, an internal lipid membrane and replicate, completely or partly, in the cytoplasm of their host cells. The genomes range in size from 100 kilobases (kb) to >550 kb with G+C content between 40% and 50%.

Taxonomy[edit]

The taxonomy of this family was initially based on the host range: Chlorovirus infect chlorella-like green algae from terrestrial waters, whereas members of the other five genera (Coccolithovirus, Phaeovirus, Prasinovirus, Prymnesiovirus and Raphidovirus) infect marine green and brown algae. This was subsequently confirmed by analysis of their DNA polymerases.^[1]

Molecular biology[edit]

Recent studies have revealed features in Phycodnavirus genomes such as sophisticated replication and transcription machineries, a novel type of potassium channel protein, genes involved in inducing apoptosis in the host genome, a sophisticated signal transduction and gene regulation system and genes for glycosylation of viral proteins.

All of the Phycodnaviruses encode a number of proteins involved in DNA replication or recombination, including a DNA-directed DNA polymerase. It is unclear if any of the Phycodnaviruses encode a fully functional replication machinery, however. They are thought to rely on host enzymes at least partially.

Evolution[edit]

This group of viruses evolved from the Iridoviridae.^[2]

References[edit]

^ Anonymous (2012) Virus Taxonomy: IXth report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses. Amsterdam: Academic Press p261
^ Wilson WH, Van Etten JL, Allen MJ (2009) The Phycodnaviridae: the story of how tiny giants rule the world. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 328:1-42

Additional reading[edit]

Van Etten JL. Unusual life style of giant chlorella viruses. Annu Rev Genet. 2003;37:153-95. Review. PMID 14616059 Open Access version
Van Etten JL, Meints RH. Giant viruses infecting algae. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1999;53:447-94. Review. PMID 10547698 Open Access version
Iyer LM, Balaji S, Koonin EV, Aravind L. Evolutionary genomics of nucleo-cytoplasmic large DNA viruses. Virus Reseearch. 2006 Apr;117(1):156-84. PMID 16494962
Raoult D, Audic S, Robert C, Abergel C, Renesto P, Ogata H, La Scola B, Suzan M, Claverie JM. The 1.2-megabase genome sequence of Mimivirus. Science. 2004 Nov 19;306(5700):1344-50. doi:10.1126/science.1101485 PMID 15486256
World of Chlorella Viruses Home Page

External links[edit]

Viralzone: Phycodnaviridae

English Journal

Marine and giant viruses as indicators of a marine microbial community in a riverine system.

Dann LM1, Rosales S2, McKerral J3, Paterson JS1, Smith RJ1, Jeffries TC4, Oliver RL5, Mitchell JG1.
MicrobiologyOpen.Microbiologyopen.2016 Dec;5(6):1071-1084. doi: 10.1002/mbo3.392. Epub 2016 Aug 9.
Viral communities are important for ecosystem function as they are involved in critical biogeochemical cycles and controlling host abundance. This study investigates riverine viral communities around a small rural town that influences local water inputs. Myoviridae, Siphoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Mi
PMID 27506856

Evolution and Phylogeny of Large DNA Viruses, Mimiviridae and Phycodnaviridae Including Newly Characterized Heterosigma akashiwo Virus.

Maruyama F1, Ueki S2.
Frontiers in microbiology.Front Microbiol.2016 Nov 30;7:1942. eCollection 2016.
Nucleocytoplasmic DNA viruses are a large group of viruses that harbor double-stranded DNA genomes with sizes of several 100 kbp, challenging the traditional concept of viruses as small, simple 'organisms at the edge of life.' The most intriguing questions about them may be their origin and evolutio
PMID 27965659

Complete Genome Sequence of a Phycodnavirus, Heterosigma akashiwo Virus Strain 53.

Ogura Y1, Hayashi T1, Ueki S2.
Genome announcements.Genome Announc.2016 Nov 10;4(6). pii: e01279-16. doi: 10.1128/genomeA.01279-16.
We report the complete genome sequence of Heterosigma akashiwo virus strain 53. The virus is a member of the Phycodnaviridae, one of the families regarded as giant double-stranded DNA viruses. The 274,793-bp genome contained 246 protein-coding and 3 tRNA-coding sequences.Copyright © 2016 Ogura et a
PMID 27834719

Japanese Journal

Isolation and characterization of a novel virus infecting Teleaulax amphioxeia (Cryptophyceae)

Plankton & benthos research 4(3), 122-124, 2009-08-01
NAID 10025110802

Ecology, physiology and genetics of a phycodnavirus infecting the noxious bloom-forming raphidophyte Heterosigma akashiwo

Fisheries science : FS 74(4), 701-711, 2008-08-01
NAID 10021366436

Chlorella Viruses

Advances in Virus Research 65, 293-336, 2006
NAID 120000882416

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リンク元	「フィコドナウイルス科」「algal virus」

「フィコドナウイルス科」

Phycodnaviruses
Virus classification
Group:	Group I (dsDNA)
Family:	Phycodnaviridae
Genera
	Chlorovirus; Coccolithovirus; Prasinovirus; Prymnesiovirus; Phaeovirus; Raphidovirus