関: millet

WordNet

panic grass (同)genus Panicum
any of various small-grained annual cereal and forage grasses of the genera Panicum, Echinochloa, Setaria, Sorghum, and Eleusine
small seed of any of various annual cereal grasses especially Setaria italica

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キビ,アワ(粟) / (穀物の)きび,あわ

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/10 22:10:32」(JST)

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Panicum (panicgrass)^[2] is a large genus of about 450 species of grasses native throughout the tropical regions of the world, with a few species extending into the northern temperate zone. They are often large, annual or perennial grasses, growing to 1–3 m tall.^[3]^[4]

The flowers are produced in a well-developed panicle often up to 60 cm in length with numerous seeds, which are 1–6 mm long and 1–2 mm broad. The fruits are developed from a two-flowered spikelet. Only the upper floret of each spikelet is fertile; the lower floret is sterile or staminate. Both glumes are present and well developed.^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]

Australia has 29 native and 9 introduced species of Panicum.^[11]^[12]^[13]

Well-known Panicum species include proso millet and switchgrass.

Selected species

Panicum abscissum Swallen
Panicum acostia R.D.Webster
Panicum amarum Elliott – bitter panicum
Panicum anceps Michx. – beaked panicum
Panicum antidotale Retz. – blue panicum
Panicum capillare L. – witchgrass, tumbleweed^[14]
Panicum colonum L. – jungle rice (synonym of Echinochloa colona)
Panicum coloratum L. – kleingrass, coolah grass, Bambatsi panic
Panicum crus-galli L. – barnyard grass (synonym of Echinochloa crus-galli)
Panicum decompositum R.Br. – native millet
Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx. – fall panicgrass
Panicum effusum R.Br. – hairy panic
Panicum fauriei Hitchc. – Faurie's panicgrass
Panicum havardii Vasey – Havard's panicgrass
Panicum helopus Trin. – annual signal grass (synonym of Urochloa panicoides)
Panicum hemitomon Schult. – maidencane
Panicum hirticaule J.Presl – Mexican panicgrass
Panicum maximum Jacq. – Guinea grass, buffalo grass
Panicum miliaceum L. – proso millet, common millet
Panicum niihauense H.St.John – lau 'ehu
Panicum obtusum Kunth – vine mesquite grass
Panicum pygmaeum R.Br. – Australian native dwarf panicum, rainforest panicum
Panicum repens L. – torpedo grass
Panicum rigidum Balf.f.
Panicum socotranum Cope
Panicum sumatrense Roth – little millet
Panicum turgidum Forssk. – afezu
Panicum urvilleanum Kunth – desert panicgrass
Panicum virgatum L. – switchgrass

Gallery

Panicum antidotale
Panicum capillare
Panicum lycopodioides
Panicum maximum
Proso millet
Panicum phragmitoides
Panicum repens
Panicum torridum
Panicum xerophyllum
Panicum trichoides, isotype herbarium sheet

References

^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
^ "Panicum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 15 May 2015.
^ Freckmann, R. W. & M. G. Lelong. 2002. Nomenclatural changes and innovations in Panicum and Dichanthelium (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 20(1): 161–174
^ Valdes, B. & H. Scholz. 2006. The Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae - a generic synopsis and some new names. Willdenowia 36(2): 657–669
^ Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 504 黍属 shu shu Panicum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753.
^ Flora of Pakistan
^ Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Panicum includes photos and distribution maps of several species
^ Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps
^ Valdés-Reyna, J., F. O. Zuloaga, O. Morrone & L. Aragón Melchor. 2009. El género Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae) en el noreste de México. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 84: 59–82.
^ Morrone, O., A. M. Antón & F. O. Zuloaga. 1995. Axonopus. Flora Fanerogámica Argentina. 19(1): 11–16
^ Grasses of the Tweed Valley of NSW: An introductory field guide to locally common grasses: native and introduced, Compiled by Penny Watsford, Nullum Publications, 2004 ISBN 0-9756823-0-X)
^ Ausgrass2, Grasses of Australia
^ Atlas of Living Australia
^ *Britton, Nathaniel; Addison Brown (1896). An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian. Volume I, Ophioglossaceae to Aizoaceae. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 612. page 123

External links

Interactive Key to Panicum of North America

English Journal

Effects of agricultural tillage and sediment accumulation on emergent plant communities in playa wetlands of the U.S. High Plains.

O'Connell JL, Johnson LA, Daniel DW, McMurry ST, Smith LM, Haukos DA.SourceZoology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USA. jessica.oconnell@berkeley.edu
Journal of environmental management.J Environ Manage.2013 May 15;120:10-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.01.035. Epub 2013 Mar 15.
Identifying community assembly filters is a primary ecological aim. The High Plains, a 30 million ha short-grass eco-region, is intensely cultivated. Cultivation disturbance, including plowing and eroded soil deposition down-slope of plowing, influences plant composition in depressional wetlands, su
PMID 23500104

Advances in biotechnology and genomics of switchgrass.

Nageswara-Rao M, Soneji JR, Kwit C, Stewart CN Jr.AbstractSwitchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial warm season grass indigenous to the North American tallgrass prairie. A number of its natural and agronomic traits, including adaptation to a wide geographical distribution, low nutrient requirements and production costs, high water use efficiency, high biomass potential, ease of harvesting, and potential for carbon storage, make it an attractive dedicated biomass crop for biofuel production. We believe that genetic improvements using biotechnology will be important to realize the potential of the biomass and biofuel-related uses of switchgrass. Tissue culture techniques aimed at rapid propagation of switchgrass and genetic transformation protocols have been developed. Rapid progress in genome sequencing and bioinformatics has provided efficient strategies to identify, tag, clone and manipulate many economically-important genes, including those related to higher biomass, saccharification efficiency, and lignin biosynthesis. Application of the best genetic tools should render improved switchgrass that will be more economically and environmentally sustainable as a lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstock.
Biotechnology for biofuels.Biotechnol Biofuels.2013 May 12;6(1):77. [Epub ahead of print]
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a C4 perennial warm season grass indigenous to the North American tallgrass prairie. A number of its natural and agronomic traits, including adaptation to a wide geographical distribution, low nutrient requirements and production costs, high water use efficiency,
PMID 23663491

Effect of Maturity at Harvest on Yield, Chemical Composition, and In Situ Degradability for Annual Cereals used for Swathgrazing.

Rosser CL, Górka P, Beattie AD, Block HC, McKinnon JJ, Lardner HA, Penner GB.SourceDepartment of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada, S7N 5A8.
Journal of animal science.J Anim Sci.2013 May 8. [Epub ahead of print]
The objective of this study was to determine how harvest maturity of whole-crop cereals commonly used in swathgrazing systems in western Canada affects yield, chemical composition, and in situ digestibility. We hypothesized that the increase in yield with advancing maturity would not offset the decl
PMID 23658356

Japanese Journal

Effects of chopping length and cellulase addition on ensiling of guineagrass (Panicum maximum Jacq.)

Zhang Jianguo
Grassland science 57(2), 113-115, 2011-06-01
NAID 10029738970

Salinity effects on growth characteristics, biomass accumulation and some physiological changes of Torpedograss (Panicum repens L.)

Nakamura Ichiro,Hossain Md. Amzad,Akamine Hikaru [他]
Tropical agriculture and development 55(2), 75-83, 2011-06-00
NAID 40018999061

伊那盆地における縄文時代晩期の雑穀

遠藤英子,高瀬克範
考古学研究 58(2), 74-85, 2011-00-00
NAID 40019028726

「キビ属」

Panicum
	Panicum virgatum
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Monocots
(unranked):	Commelinids
Order:	Poales
Family:	Poaceae
Subfamily:	Panicoideae
Genus:	Panicum; L.
Synonyms
	Monachne P.Beauv.; Eatonia Raf.; Talasium Spreng.; Coleataenia Griseb.; Phanopyrum (Raf.) Nash; Chasea Nieuwl.; Polyneura Peter 1930, illegitimate homonym not Kylin 1924; Psilochloa Launert; Dichanthelium (Hitchc. & Chase) Gould; Megathyrsus (Pilg.) B.K.Simon & S.W.L.Jacobs; Zuloagaea Bess; Apochloa Zuloaga & Morrone; Renvoizea Zuloaga & Morrone; Ocellochloa Zuloaga & Morrone; Sorengia Zuloaga & Morrone; Stephostachys Zuloaga & Morrone; Trichanthecium Zuloaga & Morrone;

　　[★]

ラ: Panicum
関: アワ、パニクム属、Panicum属

「millet」

　　[★]

アワ、キビ

関: foxtail millet、Panicum

「パニクム属」

　　[★]

ラ: Panicum
関: キビ属、Panicum属

「Panicum属」

　　[★]

ラ: Panicum
関: キビ属、パニクム属

[1] Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families

[2] "Panicum". Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Database. USDA. Retrieved 15 May 2015.

[3] Freckmann, R. W. & M. G. Lelong. 2002. Nomenclatural changes and innovations in Panicum and Dichanthelium (Poaceae: Paniceae). Sida 20(1): 161–174

[4] Valdes, B. & H. Scholz. 2006. The Euro+Med treatment of Gramineae - a generic synopsis and some new names. Willdenowia 36(2): 657–669

[5] Flora of China Vol. 22 Page 504 黍属 shu shu Panicum Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 55. 1753.

[6] Flora of Pakistan

[7] Altervista Flora Italiana, genere Panicum includes photos and distribution maps of several species

[8] Biota of North America Program 2013 county distribution maps

[9] Valdés-Reyna, J., F. O. Zuloaga, O. Morrone & L. Aragón Melchor. 2009. El género Panicum (Poaceae: Panicoideae) en el noreste de México. Boletín de la Sociedad Botánica de México 84: 59–82.

[10] Morrone, O., A. M. Antón & F. O. Zuloaga. 1995. Axonopus. Flora Fanerogámica Argentina. 19(1): 11–16

[11] Grasses of the Tweed Valley of NSW: An introductory field guide to locally common grasses: native and introduced, Compiled by Penny Watsford, Nullum Publications, 2004 ISBN 0-9756823-0-X)

[12] Ausgrass2, Grasses of Australia

[13] Atlas of Living Australia

[14] *Britton, Nathaniel; Addison Brown (1896). An illustrated flora of the northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions From Newfoundland to the Parallel of the Southern Boundary of Virginia, and from the Atlantic Ocean Westward to the 102d Meridian. Volume I, Ophioglossaceae to Aizoaceae. Charles Scribner's Sons. p. 612. page 123

リンク元	「キビ属」「millet」「パニクム属」
拡張検索	「Panicum属」

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案内

Panicum