関: evening primrose

WordNet

chiefly North American herbs with usually nocturnal flowers (同)genus Oenothera

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/02/12 09:31:23」(JST)

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Oenothera biennis (Common evening primrose or Evening star) is a species of Oenothera native to eastern and central North America, from Newfoundland west to Alberta, southeast to Florida, and southwest to Texas, and widely naturalized elsewhere in temperate and subtropical regions.^[1]

Growth and flowering

Oenothera biennis has a life span of two years (biennial) growing to 30–150 cm tall. The leaves are lanceolate, 5–20 cm long and 1–2.5 cm broad, produced in a tight rosette the first year, and spirally on a stem the second year.

Blooming lasts from late spring to late summer. The flowers are hermaphrodite, produced on a tall spike and only last until the following noon. They open visibly fast every evening producing an interesting spectacle, hence the name "evening primrose."

The blooms are yellow, 2.5–5 cm diameter, with four bilobed petals. The flower structure has an invisible to the naked eye bright nectar guide pattern. This pattern is apparent under ultraviolet light and visible to its pollinators, moths, butterflies and bees.

The fruit is a capsule 2–4 cm long and 4–6 mm broad, containing numerous 1–2 mm long seeds, released when the capsule splits into four sections at maturity. ^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]

flowers & buds
rosette
flowers and fruit capsules
Primrose moth (Schinia florida) in flower

Synonym

It is also known as Weedy evening-primrose, German rampion, hog weed, King's cure-all, and fever-plant.^[6]

Cultivation and uses

The mature seeds contain approximately 7–10% gamma-linolenic acid, an essential fatty acid. The O. biennis seed oil is used to reduce the pains of premenstrual stress syndrome and is beneficial to the skin of the face.^{[citation needed]} Also, poultices containing O. biennis were at one time used to ease bruises and speed wound healing^{[citation needed]}.

Its leaves are edible and traditionally were used as a leaf vegetable.^[7]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Oenothera biennis

Wikispecies has information related to: Oenothera biennis

^ Germplasm Resources Information Network: Oenothera biennis
^ Borealforest: Oenothera biennis
^ Plants of British Columbia: Oenothera biennis
^ Jepson Flora: Oenothera biennis
^ Ultraviolet Flowers: Oenothera biennis
^ Blanchan, N. (1922). Wild Flowers Worth Knowing. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
^ Gaertner, Erika E. (1968). "Additions to the list of wild edible plants preservable by the deep freeze method". Economic Botany 22 (4): 369. doi:10.1007/BF02908133

Plants portal

External links

Profile: Yellow Evening-primrose (Oenothera biennis) Photos, Drawings, Text. (Wild Plants of Winnipeg from Nature Manitoba)

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate efficacy and tolerability of an optimized botanical combination in the management of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia.

Gupta H, Pawar D, Riva A, Bombardelli E, Morazzoni P.SourceDepartment of Medicine, Grant Medical College Mumbai, Mumbai, India.
Phytotherapy research : PTR.Phytother Res.2012 Feb;26(2):265-72. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3542. Epub 2011 Jun 14.
This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of an optimized botanical combination containing policosanol, tomato extract, orally bioavailable grape procyanidins and Oenothera biennis oil against placebo in the management of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia and mixed dyslipidemia. Suc
PMID 21674629

Relationships between arthropod richness, evenness, and diversity are altered by complementarity among plant genotypes.

McArt SH, Cook-Patton SC, Thaler JS.SourceDepartment of Entomology, Cornell University, 4125 Comstock Hall, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA, shm33@cornell.edu.
Oecologia.Oecologia.2011 Oct 15. [Epub ahead of print]
Biodiversity is quantified via richness (e.g., the number of species), evenness (the relative abundance distribution of those species), or proportional diversity (a combination of richness and evenness, such as the Shannon index, H'). While empirical studies show no consistent relationship between t
PMID 22002039

Japanese Journal

The contribution of evening primrose (Oenothera biennis) to a modern synthesis of evolutionary ecology

JOHNSON Marc T. J.
Population ecology 53(1), 9-21, 2011-01-01
NAID 10027621810

野草抽出物のヘテロ型乳酸菌に対する生育阻害作用

小野廣紀,浦部貴美子,籔下恵,灘本知憲
日本食品保蔵科学会誌 = Food preservation science 36(1), 23-27, 2010-01-29
… さらに生育抑制作用が認められた野草抽出物の乳酸菌に対する最小生育阻止濃度（MIC）を測定したところ、メマツヨイグサ（Oenothera biennis）、シロバナサクラタデ（Polygonum japonicum）、キンミズヒキ（Agrimonia japonica）が強い抗菌活性を示し、それらのMICは緑茶抽出物のMIC（100mg／10ml）よりも低値であった。 …
NAID 10029727036

野草抽出物のメタンチオールに対する消臭効果

浦部貴美子,東理恵,稲田多希,南野可奈子,灘本知憲,小野廣紀
日本食品保蔵科学会誌 = Food preservation science 35(4), 171-177, 2009-07-31
… このうち、カキドオシ（Glechoma hederacea）、カワラヨモギ（Artemisia capollaris）、キジムシロ（Porentilla fragarioides）、ハハコグサ（Gnaphalium affine）、ヒメジョン（Stenactis annuus）、メマツヨイグサ（Oenothera biennis）に含まれる消臭活性成分は、メタノールよりも熱水によって効率よく抽出された。 …
NAID 10029726692

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「メマツヨイグサ」「アレチマツヨイグサ」「evening primrose」
関連記事	「Oenothera」

「メマツヨイグサ」

Oenothera biennis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
(unranked):	Eudicots
Order:	Myrtales
Family:	Onagraceae
Genus:	Oenothera
Species:	O. biennis
Binomial name
	Oenothera biennis; L.