終末器官、終板器官 organum vasculosum laminae terminalis

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/25 17:05:44」(JST)

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The vascular organ of lamina terminalis (or supraoptic crest) is one of the circumventricular organs of the brain. Other circumventricular organs are the subfornical organ (SFO) and the area postrema in the brainstem.

AV3V region

The vascular organ of the lamina terminalis and the SFO are both strongly interconnected with the median preoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus (the nucleus medianus), and together these three structures comprise the "anterioventral third ventricle (AV3V) region" -- the region anterior and ventral to the third ventricle. The AV3V region is very important in the regulation of fluid and electrolyte balance by controlling thirst, sodium excretion, blood volume regulation, and vasopressin secretion.

Function

The vascular organ of the lamina terminalis lacks a blood brain barrier, and so neurons in this region can respond to osmotic pressure factors that are present in the systemic circulation.^[1]

Some neurons in this organ are osmoreceptors, being sensitive to the osmotic pressure of the blood. These neurons project to the supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus to regulate the activity of vasopressin-secreting neurons. In a situation of lowered blood volume, secretion of renin by the kidneys results in the production of angiotensin II, which stimulates the vascular organ and the subfornical organ to complete a positive feedback loop.^[2] These neurons also project to the nucleus medianus (also called the medial preoptic nucleus) which is involved in controlling thirst.

References

^ Koeppen, Bruce M. (2010). Berne & Levy Physiology 6th Edition Updated Edition. pp. 228–229. ISBN 978-0-323-07362-2.
^ FITZGERALD, M J Turlough (2012). Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-7020-3738-2.

External links

http://www.sci.uidaho.edu/med532/lamina.htm

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1. 成人における発熱の病態生理および治療 pathophysiology and treatment of fever in adults

English Journal

Regional and subtype-specific loss of GnRH neurons is associated with diminished mating behavior in middle-aged male rats.

Tsai HW, Tsai YF, Tai MY, Yeh KY.Author information Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, Long Beach, CA, USA.AbstractThe current study was to examine the relationship between the number of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and male sexual behavior in middle-aged rats. Based on their sexual performance, middle-aged male rats (18-19 months) were assigned to three groups: (i) Group MIE (showing mounts, intromissions, and ejaculation), (ii) Group MI (displaying mounts and intromissions, but no ejaculation), and (iii) Group NC (showing no copulatory behavior). The brains of these middle-aged animals and of sexually active, young controls were collected and then examined for immunohistochemical localization of GnRH neurons. The numbers of two subtypes of GnRH neurons, smooth (s-GnRH) and irregular (i-GnRH), in the medial septum (MS), organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), preoptic area (POA), and anterior hypothalamus (AH), were determined under a light microscope. As compared to young controls, an age-related decrease in the number of s-GnRH neurons was found in the MS of MIE rats. Among three groups of middle-aged rats, Groups MIE and MI had more s-GnRH neurons in the POA and i-GnRH neurons in the OVLT and POA than Group NC. In addition, loss of s-GnRH and i-GnRH neurons in the MS was observed in Groups MI and NC and Group NC, respectively. Our results suggest that a decrease in GnRH neuron subtypes occurring in different brain regions might be critical for the loss of specific components of male rat sexual behavior during aging.
Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2014 Jan 1;258:112-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.10.018. Epub 2013 Oct 19.
The current study was to examine the relationship between the number of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons and male sexual behavior in middle-aged rats. Based on their sexual performance, middle-aged male rats (18-19 months) were assigned to three groups: (i) Group MIE (showing mounts, in
PMID 24144547

Possible crosstalk between leptin and prolactin during pregnancy.

Nagaishi VS, Cardinali LI, Zampieri TT, Furigo IC, Metzger M, Donato J Jr.Author information Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.AbstractRodents exhibit leptin resistance and high levels of prolactin/placental lactogens during pregnancy. A crosstalk between prolactin and leptin signaling has been proposed as a possible mechanism to explain the changes in energy balance during gestation. However, it remains unclear if specific neuronal populations co-express leptin and prolactin receptors. Therefore, our present study was undertaken to identify in the mouse brain prolactin-responsive cells that possibly express the leptin receptor. In addition, we assessed the leptin response in different brain nuclei of pregnant and nulliparous mice. We used a leptin receptor (LepR)-reporter mouse to visualize LepR-expressing cells with the tdTomato fluorescent protein. Prolactin-responsive cells were visualized with the immunohistochemical detection of the phosphorylated form of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (pSTAT5-ir). Notably, many neurons that co-expressed tdTomato and pSTAT5-ir were observed in the medial preoptic area (MPA, 27% to 48% of tdTomato cells), the retrochiasmatic area (34% to 51%) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS, 16% to 24%) of prolactin-treated nulliparous mice, pregnant mice and prolactin-treated leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice. The arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus (8% to 22%), the medial tuberal nucleus (11% to 15%) and the ventral premammillary nucleus (4% to 10%) showed smaller percentages of double-labeled cells among the groups. Other brain nuclei did not show significant percentages of neurons that co-expressed tdTomato and pSTAT5-ir. Late pregnant mice exhibited a reduced leptin response in the MPA and NTS when compared with nulliparous mice; however, a normal leptin response was observed in other brain nuclei. In conclusion, our findings shed light on how the brain integrates the information conveyed by leptin and prolactin. Our results corroborate the hypothesis that high levels of prolactin or placental lactogens during pregnancy may directly interfere with LepR signaling, possibly predisposing to leptin resistance.
Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2013 Dec 3. pii: S0306-4522(13)00997-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.11.050. [Epub ahead of print]
Rodents exhibit leptin resistance and high levels of prolactin/placental lactogens during pregnancy. A crosstalk between prolactin and leptin signaling has been proposed as a possible mechanism to explain the changes in energy balance during gestation. However, it remains unclear if specific neurona
PMID 24316468

Activation of organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis, median preoptic nucleus, and medial preoptic area in anticipation of nursing in rabbit pups.

Moreno ML, Meza E, Morgado E, Juárez C, Ramos-Ligonio A, Ortega A, Caba M.Author information Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Veracruzana, Xalapa , Veracruz , México .AbstractRhythmic feeding in rabbit pups is a natural model to study food entrainment because, similar to rodents under a schedule of food restriction, these animals show food-anticipatory activity (FAA) prior to daily nursing. In rodents, several brain systems, including the orexinergic system, shift their activity to the restricted feeding schedule, and remain active when subjects are hungry. As the lamina terminalis and regions of the preoptic area participate in the control of behavioral arousal, it was hypothesized that these brain regions are also activated during FAA. Thus, the effects of daily milk ingestion on FOS protein expression in the organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis (OVLT), median preoptic nucleus (MnPO), and medial preoptic area (MPOA) were examined using immunohistochemistry before and after scheduled time of nursing in nursed and fasted subjects. Additionally, FOS expression was explored in orexin (ORX) cells in the lateral hypothalamic area and in the supraoptic nucleus (SON) because of their involvement in arousal and fluid ingestion, respectively. Pups were entrained by daily nursing, as indicated by a significant increase in locomotor behavior before scheduled time of nursing in both nursed and fasted subjects. FOS was significantly higher in the OVLT, MnPO, and MPOA at the time of nursing, and decreased 8 h later in nursed pups. In fasted subjects, this effect persisted in the OVLT, whereas in the MnPO and MPOA, values did not drop at 8 h later, but remained at the same level or higher than those at the time of scheduled nursing. In addition, FOS was significantly higher in ORX cells during FAA in nursed pups in comparison with 8 h later, but in fasted subjects it remained high during most fasting time points. Additionally, OVLT, SON, and ORX cells were activated 1.5 h after nursing. We conclude that the OVLT, MnPO, and MPOA, but not SON, may participate in FAA, as they show activation before suckling of periodic milk ingestion, and that sustained activation of the OVLT, MnPO, and MPOA by fasting may contribute to the high arousal state associated with food deprivation. In agreement with this, ORX cells also remain active after expected nursing, which is consistent with reports in other species.
Chronobiology international.Chronobiol Int.2013 Dec;30(10):1272-82. doi: 10.3109/07420528.2013.823980. Epub 2013 Oct 10.
Rhythmic feeding in rabbit pups is a natural model to study food entrainment because, similar to rodents under a schedule of food restriction, these animals show food-anticipatory activity (FAA) prior to daily nursing. In rodents, several brain systems, including the orexinergic system, shift their
PMID 24112031

Japanese Journal

Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors Attenuate Augmented Glutamate Release in Organum Vasculosum Laminae Terminalis and Fever Induced by Staphylococcal Enterotoxin A

Huang Wu-Tein,Wang Jhi-Joung,Lin Mao-Tsun
Journal of pharmacological sciences 94(2), 192-196, 2004-02-01
… Both the hyperthermia and augmented glutamate release in the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) after an intravenous dose (30 ng/kg) of staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) were significantly reduced by pretreatment with intravenous administration of cyclooxygenase inhibitors such as aspirin (1 – 10 mg/kg), sodium salicylate (1 – 10 mg/kg), or diclofenac (10 mg/kg). …
NAID 130000073872

ラットにおける下垂体後葉ホルモンの分泌調節機構に関する研究

本田和正
Journal of Reproduction and Development 49(1), 1-11, 2003
… Local osmotic stimulation applied to organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) or median preoptic nucleus (MnPO) excited MCNs. … Although OVLT neurons projected to MCNs were unresponsive to hyperosmotic stimulation, those projected to MnPO and also receiving excitatory inputs from MCNs, were excited by it. … MnPO neurons, which were driven by OVLT stimulation and projected to MCNs, were also osmosensitive. …
NAID 130000054904

The capillary of the organum vasculosum laminae terminalis (OVLT) in rabbits is more permeable to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) than that in rats

Yamaguchi Kazuhito,Sieber Nancy C.
Journal of electron microscopy 49(6), 783-791, 2000-12-01
NAID 10013017623

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リンク元	「終末器官」「organum vasculosum laminae terminalis」「organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis」「終板器官」

「終末器官」

Vascular organ of lamina terminalis
Details
Latin	organum vasculosum laminae terminalis
Identifiers
NeuroNames	hier-366
NeuroLex ID	Organum vasculosum lamina terminalis
Dorlands; /Elsevier	o_06/12596306
TA	A14.1.08.940
FMA	62315
	Anatomical terms of neuroanatomy

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感覚

英: end-organ
関: 終末神経小体

中枢神経

ラ: organum vasculosum laminae terminalis OVLT
同: 終板器官

「organum vasculosum laminae terminalis」

　　[★] 終板器官、終末器官

関: hypothalamus、lamina terminalis、OVLT

「organum vasculosum of lamina terminalis」

　　[★] 終板器官, 終末器官, OVLT, organum vasculosum laminae terminalis

「終板器官」

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英: organum vasculosum laminae terminalis, OVLT
関: 終末器官

[1] Koeppen, Bruce M. (2010). Berne & Levy Physiology 6th Edition Updated Edition. pp. 228–229. ISBN 978-0-323-07362-2.

[2] FITZGERALD, M J Turlough (2012). Clinical Neuroanatomy and Neuroscience. Philadelphia: Saunders Elsevier. p. 281. ISBN 978-0-7020-3738-2.

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案内

案内

OVLT