WordNet

edible but insipid fruit of the May apple plant
native Eurasian tree widely cultivated in many varieties for its firm rounded edible fruits (同)orchard apple tree, Malus pumila
fruit with red or yellow or green skin and sweet to tart crisp whitish flesh
the 13th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)m
the month following April and preceding June
United States baseball player (born in 1931) (同)Willie Mays, Willie Howard Mays Jr., Say Hey Kid

PrepTutorEJDIC

《現在・未来の事柄・可能性の推量》…『かもしれない』,たぶん…だろう,…のこともある;《「may have+過去分詞」の形で過去の事柄の推量》…した(だった)かもしれない,たぶん…だったろう / 《but節を伴って譲歩を表して》…『かもしれない』 / 《まれ》《疑問文で強い不確実の意を強めて》いったい…だろうか,…かしら / 《許可》…『してもよい』,してもさしつかえない / 《容認》…『しても』(『と言っても』)『さしつかえない』,…する(と言う)のももっともだ / 《能力》…『できる』 / 《文》《祈言・言望・のろい》…『することを祈る』,…しますように / 《おもに文》《言望・恐れなどの名詞節に》…するように,…しないかと / 《目的の副詞節に》…『するために』,…できるように / 《譲歩の副詞節に》『[たとえ]…であっても』,…かもしれないが
『リンゴ』;リンゴの木
Mach number / mark[s] / Monsieur
『5月』

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/02/26 10:06:38」(JST)

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Podophyllum peltatum, commonly called Mayapple, or May Apple,^[1] (or hogapple, Indian apple, mayflower, umbrella plant, wild lemon (flavor of the fruit), wild mandrake, American mandrake (shape of rhizomes) or "devil's apple" (used for Solanum linnaeanum elsewhere)), is a herbaceous perennial plant in the family Berberidaceae, native to deciduous forests in of eastern North America.^[2] Like many other spring ephemerals, it emerges from below ground before the canopy of the forest opens, and then slowly withers later in the summer; the foliage is, however, somewhat more long-lived than other spring emphemerals such as Trillium.

The stems grow to 30–40 cm tall, with 2 or occasionally 3 palmately lobed leaves up to 20–30 cm diameter with 5-9 deeply cut lobes on reproductive individuals, or one peltate (umbrella-like) leaf on sterile individuals. The single secund white flower 3–5 cm diameter, with six (rarely up to nine) petals, is produced at the axil of the two leaves (the upper two in a three-leaved plant); the flower matures into a yellow-greenish fruit 2–5 cm long.^[3] The plant is widespread and appears in clonal colonies in open mesic woodlands. Individual shoots are often connected by systems of thick rhizomes.^[1] As with many kinds of wild plants, the flower provides sexual reproduction while the rhizome provides asexual reproduction.^[4] The former provides long distance dispersal, while the latter allows the formation of dense circular clones. There are costs to producing flowers, since the production of a flower and fruit reduces the probability that the plant will survive, or flower, in following years.^[5]

Many species of plants have mycorrhizae to assist with nutrient uptake in infertile conditions.^[4] Mayapple plants are considered obligately dependent upon such mycorrhizae, although it may also be facultatively dependent upon rhizome age and soil nutrient levels.^[6] Plants are commonly found infected by the rust Puccinia podophylli, appearing as honeycomb-patterned orange colonies under the leaves, and yellowish lesions on the upper surface.^[7]

Though the common name is mayapple,^[8] it is the flower that appears in early May, not the "apple". The fruit or "apple" is produced early summer and ripens later in summer.

Toxicity[edit]

The ripened fruit is edible in little amounts, though when consumed in large amounts the fruit is poisonous. The rhizome, foliage and roots are also poisonous.^[9] Mayapple contains podophyllotoxin,^[10] which is used as a cytostatic and typically in the treatment of viral and genital warts.

Medicinal use[edit]

It has been used by American Indians as an emetic, cathartic, and antihelmintic agent. They also boiled the poisonous root, and used the water to cure stomach aches.^[11] The rhizome of the mayapple has been used for a variety of medicinal purposes, originally by indigenous inhabitants and later by other settlers.^[3] It is also used topically for warts, and two of its derivatives, etoposide and teniposide, have shown promise in treating some malignant neoplasms.^[12]^[13]

Gallery[edit]

A flowering plant
Fruit touching the earth on June 14, 2007
Fruit touching the earth on June 14, 2007
Fruit on July 18, 2007
Leaves
Immature plants with single leaves

References[edit]

^ ^a ^b Gleason, H.A. 1968. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Vol. 2. Hafner, New York. 655 p., p. 188.
^ "Podophyllum peltatum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.
^ ^a ^b Fondren, Brian T. "Mayapple". Ethnobotanical leaflets. Retrieved 2006-06-03.
^ ^a ^b Keddy, P.A. 2007. Plants and Vegetation: Origins, Processes, Consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 666 p.
^ Sohn, J.J. and D. Policansky. 1977. The Costs of Reproduction in the Mayapple Podophyllum Peltatum (Berberidaceae). Ecology 58:1366–1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1935088
^ Watson, M.A. and five others. 2001. The developmental ecology of mycorrhizal associations in mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum, Berberidaceae. Evolutionary Ecology 15: 425-442.
^ "Puccinia podophylli Schwein. Mayapple rust". Iowa State University, Ada Hayden Herbarium (ISC). Retrieved 2013-03-16.
^ Podophyllum peltatum at USDA PLANTS Database
^ Blanchan, Neltje (2002). Wild Flowers: An Aid to Knowledge of our Wild Flowers and their Insect Visitors. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.
^ Moraes, R.M., H. Lata, E. Bedir, M. Maqbool, and K. Cushman. 2002. On American Mayapple as practical source of podophyllotoxin p. 527–532. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.), Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.
^ Unusual Uses of Plants and Flowers
^ Brunton LL et al. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, chapter: 61. Cytotoxic agents/Epipodophyllotoxins Twelfth Edition ISBN 978-0-07-162442-8
^ Lewis, W.H. and M.P.F. Elvin-Lewis. 1977. Medical Botany. Plants Affecting Man's Health. Wiley, New York. 515 p. p. 123-124.

External links[edit]

Mayapple information

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Podophyllum peltatum.

Wikispecies has information related to: Podophyllum peltatum

UpToDate Contents

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1. 小児における有毒植物の誤飲：臨床症状および評価 potentially toxic plant ingestions in children clinical manifestations and evaluation
2. 口腔アレルギー症候群（花粉 - 食物アレルギー症候群）の病因 pathogenesis of oral allergy syndrome pollen food allergy syndrome
3. 腸管閉鎖症 intestinal atresia
4. 口腔アレルギー症候群（花粉‐食物アレルギー症候群）の臨床症状および診断 clinical manifestations and diagnosis of oral allergy syndrome pollen food allergy syndrome
5. 浸潤性甲状腺疾患 infiltrative thyroid disease

English Journal

Determination of patulin in apple and derived products by UHPLC-MS/MS. Study of matrix effects with atmospheric pressure ionisation sources.

Beltrán E, Ibáñez M, Sancho JV, Hernández F.SourceResearch Institute for Pesticides and Water, University Jaume I, E-12071 Castellón, Spain.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2014 Jan 1;142:400-7. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.069. Epub 2013 Jul 24.
Sensitive and reliable analytical methodology has been developed for the measurement of patulin in regulated foodstuffs by using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) with triple quadrupole analyser. Solid samples were extracted with ethyl ace
PMID 24001858

Sonication enhances polyphenolic compounds, sugars, carotenoids and mineral elements of apple juice.

Abid M, Jabbar S, Wu T, Hashim MM, Hu B, Lei S, Zeng X.SourceCollege of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Department of Food Technology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
Ultrasonics sonochemistry.Ultrason Sonochem.2014 Jan;21(1):93-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2013.06.002. Epub 2013 Jun 27.
A study was initiated with the objective of evaluating the effects of sonication treatment on quality characteristics of apple juice such as polyphenolic compounds (chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, catechin, epicatechin and phloridzin), sugars (fructose, glucose and sucrose), mineral elements (Na, K,
PMID 23835397

Multivariate study of parameters in the determination of pesticide residues in apple by headspace solid phase microextraction coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using experimental factorial design.

Abdulra'uf LB, Tan GH.SourceDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Lembah Pantai, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; School of Basic and Remedial Studies, Kwara State College of Education, P.M.B. 1527, Ilorin 240244, Kwara State, Nigeria. Electronic address: abdulrauflukman@siswa.um.edu.my.
Food chemistry.Food Chem.2013 Dec 15;141(4):4344-8. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.07.022. Epub 2013 Jul 12.
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a solvent-less sample preparation method which combines sample preparation, isolation, concentration and enrichment into one step. In this study, multivariate strategy was used to determine the significance of the factors affecting the solid phase microextractio
PMID 23993624

Japanese Journal

A Major QTL Controlling Earliness of Fruit Maturity Linked to the Red leaf/Red flesh Trait in Apple cv. 'Maypole'

Morimoto Takuya,Hiramatsu Yuko,Banno Kiyoshi
JOURNAL OF THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR HORTICULTURAL SCIENCE 82(2), 97-105, 2013-04-00
… Anthocyanins, which contribute red coloration to apple skin, are recognized for their antioxidant properties. … Some apple cultivars also accumulate anthocyanins in fruit flesh. … Of these, a striped skin trait derived from 'Fuji' corresponded to the MdMYBA genotype, known to regulate anthocyanin synthesis in fruit skin, suggesting that this genotype may be responsible for fruit skin coloring patterns. …
NAID 120005316278

情報教育へのタブレット端末の利用法の一提案

松原友子,長谷川聡
名古屋文理大学紀要 13(情報メディア学部・基礎教育センター・食と栄養研究所開設記念号), pp.109-114, 2013-03-31
… 2011年5月,本学情報メディア学科の新入学生全員にApple 社の iPad2が無償貸与された.iPad2は重量が約600g と軽量ながら9.7インチのディスプレイを備えており,その特徴の一つは電子書籍リーダー機能である.また,Wi-Fi モデルは学内の無線 LAN への接続が可能である.我々は,同年後期に開講した「情報処理演習」において,ドキュメントビューアとして iPad2 を利用した.本報告では,受講者へのアンケート調査の結果から,情報教育へ …
NAID 110009558717

シラカバ花粉関連食物を含む果物,野菜,ナッツ類の摂取と過敏症に関するアンケート調査

山本哲夫,朝倉光司,白崎英明,氷見徹夫
Nippon Jibiinkoka Gakkai Kaiho 116(7), 779-788, 2013
【目的】札幌周辺や北欧ではシラカバ花粉アレルギーが多く, 交差反応性のため, 果物や野菜に対する口腔咽頭過敏症を有する例が多い. 一方, 原因食物に関しては, リンゴなどの果物は北欧も札幌周辺も多いが, ナッツ類は北欧では多いものの, 日本では少ない. また国内でも, 地域により一部差があり, 花粉飛散や食習慣の差による可能性がある. 今回, 一般成人を対象に, 各食物の摂取歴と過敏症の頻度を調査 …
NAID 130003373115

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

関連記事	「may」「apple」「M」

「may」

Mayapple
	Mayapple in flower
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Division:	Magnoliophyta
Class:	Magnoliopsida
Order:	Ranunculales
Family:	Berberidaceae
Genus:	Podophyllum
Species:	P. peltatum
Binomial name
	Podophyllum peltatum; L.

　　[★]

aux.

(許可)～してもよろしい
(容認)～と言っても差し支えない、～というのはもっともだ
(推量)

(可能性)

～かもしれない、～なこと(場合)がある

prodromal pain may be constant or intermittent and can precede the rash by days to weeks.

関: might, shall, will

「apple」

　　[★]

リンゴ

関: Malus、Malus domestica

「M」

　　[★] メチオニン methionine 　　

[Gleason.2C_H.A_1968._p._188-1] Gleason, H.A. 1968. The New Britton and Brown Illustrated Flora of the Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Vol. 2. Hafner, New York. 655 p., p. 188.

[2] "Podophyllum peltatum". Integrated Taxonomic Information System.

[Fondren-3] Fondren, Brian T. "Mayapple". Ethnobotanical leaflets. Retrieved 2006-06-03.

[amazon.com-4] Keddy, P.A. 2007. Plants and Vegetation: Origins, Processes, Consequences. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. 666 p.

[5] Sohn, J.J. and D. Policansky. 1977. The Costs of Reproduction in the Mayapple Podophyllum Peltatum (Berberidaceae). Ecology 58:1366–1374. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1935088

[6] Watson, M.A. and five others. 2001. The developmental ecology of mycorrhizal associations in mayapple, Podophyllum peltatum, Berberidaceae. Evolutionary Ecology 15: 425-442.

[7] "Puccinia podophylli Schwein. Mayapple rust". Iowa State University, Ada Hayden Herbarium (ISC). Retrieved 2013-03-16.

[8] Podophyllum peltatum at USDA PLANTS Database

[Wild_Flowers:_An_Aid_to_Knowledge_of_our_Wild_Flowers_and_their_Insect_Visitors-9] Blanchan, Neltje (2002). Wild Flowers: An Aid to Knowledge of our Wild Flowers and their Insect Visitors. Project Gutenberg Literary Archive Foundation.

[10] Moraes, R.M., H. Lata, E. Bedir, M. Maqbool, and K. Cushman. 2002. On American Mayapple as practical source of podophyllotoxin p. 527–532. In: J. Janick and A. Whipkey (eds.), Trends in new crops and new uses. ASHS Press, Alexandria, VA.

[11] Unusual Uses of Plants and Flowers

[12] Brunton LL et al. Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, chapter: 61. Cytotoxic agents/Epipodophyllotoxins Twelfth Edition ISBN 978-0-07-162442-8

[13] Lewis, W.H. and M.P.F. Elvin-Lewis. 1977. Medical Botany. Plants Affecting Man's Health. Wiley, New York. 515 p. p. 123-124.

匿名

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案内

案内

May apple