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cosmopolitan genus of annual and biennial and perennial herbs: cress (同)genus Lepidium

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/03/05 06:01:39」(JST)

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Cress (Lepidium sativum), sometimes referred to as garden cress to distinguish it from similar plants also referred to as cress (from old Germanic cresso which means sharp, spicy), is a rather fast-growing, edible herb.

Garden cress is genetically related to watercress and mustard, sharing their peppery, tangy flavor and aroma. In some regions, garden cress is known as mustard and cress, garden pepper cress, pepperwort, pepper grass, or poor man's pepper.^[2]^[3]

This annual plant can reach a height of 60 cm (24 in), with many branches on the upper part. The white to pinkish flowers are only 2 mm (¹⁄₁₂ in) across, clustered in branched racemes.^[4]^[5]

When consumed raw, cress is a high-nutrient food containing substantial content of vitamins A, C and K and several dietary minerals.

Garden cress in agriculture

Garden cress is commercially grown in England, France, the Netherlands and Scandinavia.^[6]

Cultivation of garden cress is practical both on mass scales and on the individual scale. Garden cress is suitable for hydroponic cultivation and thrives in slightly alkaline water. In many local markets, the demand for hydroponically grown cress can exceed available supply, partially because cress leaves are not suitable for distribution in dried form, so they can only be partially preserved. Consumers commonly acquire cress as seeds or (in Europe) from markets as boxes of young live shoots.^[6]

Edible shoots are typically harvested in one to two weeks after planting, when they are 5–13 cm (2–5 in) tall.^[7]

Culinary

Garden cress is added to soups, sandwiches and salads for its tangy flavor.^[7] It is also eaten as sprouts, and the fresh or dried seed pods can be used as a peppery seasoning (haloon).^[6] In the United Kingdom, cut cress shoots are commonly used in sandwiches with boiled eggs, mayonnaise and salt.

Play media

Timelapse of garden cress sprouting.

Garden cress can grow almost anywhere.

Nutrition

Raw cress is 89% water, 6% carbohydrates (including 1% dietary fiber), 3% protein and less than 1% fat (table). In a 100 gram amount, raw cress supplies 32 calories and numerous nutrients in significant content, including vitamin K (516% of the Daily Value, DV), vitamin C (83% DV) and vitamin A (43% DV). Among dietary minerals, manganese levels are high (26% DV) while several others, including potassium and magnesium, are in moderate content (table).

Other uses

Garden cress, known as chandrashoor, and the seeds, known as aleev in Marathi, or halloon^[8] in India, are commonly used in the system of Ayurveda.^[9]

References

^ The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 8 May 2016
^ Cassidy, Frederic Gomes and Hall, Joan Houston. Dictionary of American regional English, Harvard University Press, 2002. Page 97. ISBN 0-674-00884-7, ISBN 978-0-674-00884-7
^ Staub, Jack E, Buchert, Ellen. 75 Exceptional Herbs for Your Garden Published by Gibbs Smith, 2008. ISBN 1-4236-0251-X, 9781423602514
^ Vegetables of Canada. Published by NRC Research Press. ISBN 0-660-19503-8, ISBN 978-0-660-19503-2
^ Boswell, John T. and Sowerby, James. English Botany: Or, Coloured Figures of British Plants. Robert Hardwicke, 1863. Page 215.
^ ^a ^b ^c Vegetables of Canada. NRC Research Press. ISBN 0-660-19503-8, ISBN 978-0-660-19503-2
^ ^a ^b Hirsch, David P.. The Moosewood Restaurant kitchen garden: creative gardening for the adventurous cook. Ten Speed Press, 2005. ISBN 1-58008-666-7, ISBN 978-1-58008-666-0
^ http://www.organicindia.com/PR_OH_chandrashoor.php
^ The Wealth of Indian Raw Materials ,. New Delhi: Publication and information Directorate. 1979. pp. CSIR Vol 9, Page 71–72.

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English Journal

Solar photo-Fenton process on the abatement of antibiotics at a pilot scale: Degradation kinetics, ecotoxicity and phytotoxicity assessment and removal of antibiotic resistant enterococci.

Michael I, Hapeshi E, Michael C, Varela AR, Kyriakou S, Manaia CM, Fatta-Kassinos D.SourceDepartment of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Cyprus, 75 Kallipoleos St., 1678 Nicosia, Cyprus; Nireas, International Water Research Centre, University of Cyprus, Cyprus.
Water research.Water Res.2012 Nov 1;46(17):5621-34. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
This work investigated the application of a solar driven advanced oxidation process (solar photo-Fenton), for the degradation of antibiotics at low concentration level (μg L(-1)) in secondary treated domestic effluents at a pilot-scale. The examined antibiotics were ofloxacin (OFX) and trimethopri
PMID 22901406

Species Differences in the Antidiarrheal and Antispasmodic Activities of Lepidium sativum and Insight into Underlying Mechanisms.

Gilani AH, Rehman NU, Mehmood MH, Alkharfy KM.SourceNatural Product Research Unit, Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, The Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, 74800, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. anwar.gilani@aku.edu.
Phytotherapy research : PTR.Phytother Res.2012 Sep 25. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4819. [Epub ahead of print]
The aim of this study was to see if the crude extract of Lepidium sativum (Ls.Cr) exhibits species specificity in its antidiarrheal and antispasmodic activities along with insight into the underlying mechanisms using the in-vivo and in-vitro experiments. Ls.Cr inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea i
PMID 23007892

Japanese Journal

養液栽培で栽培されるベビーリーフ野菜研究のための実験室レベルでの試験施設について

The Horticulture Journal 85(2), 97-104, 2016
NAID 130005150246

Overview of a Lab-scale Pilot Plant for Studying Baby Leaf Vegetables Grown in Soilless Culture

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Potential of Rattail Fescue Powder for Weed Management

Environmental Control in Biology 53(1), 43-46, 2015
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Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「コショウソウ」「ガーデンクレス」
関連記事	「Lepidium」

「コショウソウ」

Garden cress, raw
Nutritional value per 100 g (3.5 oz)
Energy	134 kJ (32 kcal)
Carbohydrates	5.5 g
Sugars	4.4 g
Dietary fiber	1.1 g
Fat	0.7 g
Protein	2.6 g
Vitamins
Vitamin A equiv. beta-Carotene lutein zeaxanthin	(43%) 346 μg (38%) 4150 μg 12500 μg
Thiamine (B1)	(7%) 0.08 mg
Riboflavin (B2)	(22%) 0.26 mg
Niacin (B3)	(7%) 1 mg
Pantothenic acid (B5)	(5%) 0.247 mg
Vitamin B6	(19%) 0.247 mg
Folate (B9)	(20%) 80 μg
Vitamin C	(83%) 69 mg
Vitamin E	(5%) 0.7 mg
Vitamin K	(516%) 541.9 μg
Minerals
Calcium	(8%) 81 mg
Iron	(10%) 1.3 mg
Magnesium	(11%) 38 mg
Manganese	(26%) 0.553 mg
Phosphorus	(11%) 76 mg
Potassium	(13%) 606 mg
Other constituents
Water	89.4 g
	Full Link to USDA Database entry
	Units; μg = micrograms • mg = milligrams; IU = International units;
	Percentages are roughly approximated using US recommendations for adults.

Garden cress
	Young plants
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Rosids
Order:	Brassicales
Family:	Brassicaceae
Genus:	Lepidium
Species:	L. sativum
Binomial name
	Lepidium sativum; L.
Synonyms
	Arabis chinensis Rottler ex Wight; Cardamon sativum (L.) Fourr.; Crucifera nasturtium E.H.L.Krause; Lepia sativa (L.) Desv.; Lepidium hortense Forssk.; Lepidium spinescens DC.; Nasturtium crispum Medik.; Nasturtium hortense Garsault nom. inval.; Nasturtium sativum (L.) Moench; Nasturtium spinescens (DC.) Kuntze; Thlaspi sativum (L.) Crantz; Thlaspidium sativum (L.) Spach;

　　[★]

ラ: Lepidium sativum
関: ガーデンクレス

「ガーデンクレス」

　　[★]

ラ: Lepidium sativum
関: コショウソウ

「Lepidium」

　　[★]

マメグンバイナズナ属、レピジウム属、Lepidium属　

[1] The Plant List: A Working List of All Plant Species, retrieved 8 May 2016

[2] Cassidy, Frederic Gomes and Hall, Joan Houston. Dictionary of American regional English, Harvard University Press, 2002. Page 97. ISBN 0-674-00884-7, ISBN 978-0-674-00884-7

[Staub-3] Staub, Jack E, Buchert, Ellen. 75 Exceptional Herbs for Your Garden Published by Gibbs Smith, 2008. ISBN 1-4236-0251-X, 9781423602514

[4] Vegetables of Canada. Published by NRC Research Press. ISBN 0-660-19503-8, ISBN 978-0-660-19503-2

[5] Boswell, John T. and Sowerby, James. English Botany: Or, Coloured Figures of British Plants. Robert Hardwicke, 1863. Page 215.

[Canada-6] Vegetables of Canada. NRC Research Press. ISBN 0-660-19503-8, ISBN 978-0-660-19503-2

[moosewood-7] Hirsch, David P.. The Moosewood Restaurant kitchen garden: creative gardening for the adventurous cook. Ten Speed Press, 2005. ISBN 1-58008-666-7, ISBN 978-1-58008-666-0

[8] ttp://www.organicindia.com/PR_OH_chandrashoor.php

[9] The Wealth of Indian Raw Materials ,. New Delhi: Publication and information Directorate. 1979. pp. CSIR Vol 9, Page 71–72.

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案内

Lepidium sativum