Landau

　

WordNet

1. Soviet physicist who worked on low temperature physics (1908-1968) (同)Lev Davidovich Landau
2. a four-wheel covered carriage with a roof divided into two parts (front and back) that can be let down separately
3. United States inventor who incorporated Polaroid film into lenses and invented the one step photographic process (1909-1991) (同)Din Land, Edwin Herbert Land

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. (二人乗り)四輪馬車(座席が前後に向きあっていて幌(ほろ)が前後に折りたためる)

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/11/03 03:35:43」(JST)

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

For other uses, see Landau (disambiguation).

Landau
Courthouse
Coat of arms
Landau
Coordinates: 49°12′N 8°7′E
Country	Germany
State	Rhineland-Palatinate
District	Urban district
Government
• Lord Mayor	Hans-Dieter Schlimmer (SPD)
Area
• Total	82.94 km2 (32.02 sq mi)
Population (2015-12-31)
• Total	45,362
• Density	550/km2 (1,400/sq mi)
Time zone	CET/CEST (UTC+1/+2)
Postal codes	76829
Dialling codes	06341
Vehicle registration	LD
Website	www.landau.de

Landau or Landau in der Pfalz (pop. 41,821) is an autonomous (kreisfrei) town surrounded by the Südliche Weinstraße ("Southern Wine Route") district of southern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It is a university town (since 1990), a long-standing cultural centre, and a market and shopping town, surrounded by vineyards and wine-growing villages of the Palatinate wine region. Landau lies east of the Palatinate forest, Europe's largest contiguous forest, on the German Wine Route.

It contains the districts (Stadtteile) of Arzheim, Dammheim, Godramstein, Mörlheim, Mörzheim, Nussdorf, Queichheim, and Wollmesheim.

History

Landau was first mentioned as a settlement in 1106. It was in the possession of the counts of Leiningen-Dagsburg-Landeck, whose arms, differenced by an escutcheon of the Imperial eagle, served as the arms of Landau until 1955 [1]. The town was granted a charter in 1274 by King Rudolf I of Germany, who declared the town a Free Imperial Town in 1291; nevertheless Prince-Bishop Emich of Speyer, a major landowner in the district, seized the town in 1324. The town did not regain its ancient rights until 1511 from Maximilian I. An Augustinian monastery was founded in 1276.

Landau was later occupied by the French from 1680 to 1815, during which it was one of the Décapole, the ten free cities of Alsace, and received its modern fortifications by Louis XIV's military architect Vauban in 1688–99, making the little town (population in 1789 was still only approximately 5,000) one of Europe's strongest citadels. It was part of Bas-Rhin department between 1789 and 1815. After Napoleon's Hundred Days following his escape from Elba, Landau, which had remained French, was granted to the Kingdom of Bavaria in 1815 and became the capital of one of the thirteen Bezirksämter (counties) of the Bavarian Rheinkreis, later renamed Pfalz.

In 1840 famous political cartoonist Thomas Nast was born in Landau.

Following World War II, Landau was an important barracks town for the French occupation.

Main sights

Landau's Rathausplatz

Landau's large main square (Rathausplatz) is dominated by the town hall (Rathaus) and the market hall (Altes Kaufhaus). in the 19th-century, the former fortifications gave way to a ring road that encircles the old town centre, from which the old industrial buildings have been excluded. A convention hall, the Festhalle, was built in Art Nouveau style, 1905–07 on a rise overlooking the town park and facing the modernist Bundesamt, the regional government building. The "Protestant Collegiate Church" in Landau in der Pfalz is one of the oldest buildings in the town. With the construction of the church started in the 14th century, was completed in the mid 16th Century. The "zoo" is located near Landau downtown, along the historic fortifications. Animals are held in natural enclosures. The zoo contains numerous exotic species such as tigers and cheetahs, but also seals, penguins, kangaroos and flamingos and many more.

Economy

Wine-making continues to be an important industry of Landau.

Culture

The "landau," a luxury open carriage with a pair of folding tops, was invented in the town.

Jewish history

With a brief interruption in the mid-15th century, Landau had a sizable Jewish community from the Middle Ages until the Nazi era, at one point the largest in the state of Rhineland-Palatinate, as well as one of its most prosperous (many Jews were wine merchants). This accounts for 'Landau' and 'Landauer' being a common Ashkenazi Jewish family name. A prayer room is known to have existed since the 16th century: the first actual synagogue was built in 1648, and rebuilt in 1691 after a fire. The Great Synagogue (350 sq. m., 16 m. high) was consecrated in 1884: it was burned down during the Kristallnacht in 1938, and only its charred remains can now be seen. The historic Frank-Loeb house is another relic of the Jewish presence in Landau: its proprietor in the late 19th Century was Zacharias Frank, great-grandfather of Anne Frank.

References

External links

• Landau in der Pfalz travel guide from Wikivoyage
• Official website
• Pictures

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 小児におけるてんかん症候群 epilepsy syndromes in children
• 2. 自閉症スペクトラム障害の診断 diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
• 3. 小児における発話および言語障害の病因 etiology of speech and language disorders in children
• 4. ケトン食 the ketogenic diet
• 5. 失語症患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with aphasia

English Journal

• The oxidized state of the nanocomposite Carbo-Iron® causes no adverse effects on growth, survival and differential gene expression in zebrafish.

• Weil M1, Meißner T2, Busch W3, Springer A4, Kühnel D5, Schulz R6, Duis K7.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Oct 15;530-531:198-208. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.087. Epub 2015 May 29.
• For degradation of halogenated chemicals in groundwater Carbo-Iron®, a composite of activated carbon and nano-sized Fe(0), was developed (Mackenzie et al., 2012). Potential effects of this nanocomposite on fish were assessed. Beyond the contaminated zone Fe(0) can be expected to have oxidized and C
• PMID 26042533

• The effect of electrolytes on the aggregation kinetics of three different ZnO nanoparticles in water.

• Peng YH1, Tso CP1, Tsai YC1, Zhuang CM2, Shih YH3.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Oct 15;530-531:183-90. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.05.059. Epub 2015 May 28.
• Nanoscale ZnO particles are receiving increasing attention because they are widely used in commercial products, but they do have potentially hazardous effects. The aggregation behavior of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment contributes to the real risk assessment of nano-toxicity, and the rea
• PMID 26042532

• Organic matter breakdown in streams in a region of contrasting anthropogenic land use.

• Voß K1, Fernández D2, Schäfer RB2.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Sep 15;527-528:179-84. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.071. Epub 2015 May 14.
• Streams provide ecosystem services to humans that depend on ecosystem functions, such as organic matter breakdown (OMB). OMB can be affected by land use-related disturbance. We measured OMB in 29 low-order streams in a region of contrasting land use in south-west Germany to quantify land use effects
• PMID 25958365

Japanese Journal

• Domain Wall Dynamics in Ginzburg-Landau-Type Equations with Conservative Quantities

• Sakaguchi Hidetsugu,Akamine Hiroshi
• Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 83(6), 064006-1-6, 2014-06
• NAID 40020091562

• Multicanonical MCMC for sampling rare events : an illustrative review (SPECIAL ISSUE : BAYESIAN INFERENCE AND STOCHASTIC COMPUTATION)

• Iba Yukito,Saito Nen,Kitajima Akimasa
• Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 66(3), 611-645, 2014-06
• NAID 40020089015

• Ginzburg–Landau Description of Twin Boundaries in Noncentrosymmetric Superconductors

• Achermann Michael,Neupert Titus,Arahata Emiko [他]
• Journal of the Physical Society of Japan 83(4), 044712-1-7, 2014-04
• NAID 40020041261

Related Links

• Medical and Nursing Scrubs & Uniforms | Landau Scrubs

Setting the standard in scrubs for over 45 years, Landau Scrubs is the leading manufacturer of medical scrubs, nursing uniforms, and hospital apparel. ... Over the years, Landau’s commitment to its customers has been the same. To ...

• Amazon.co.jp: landau lifshitz: 洋書

"landau lifshitz" キャンセル Language (言語): 英語(English) | ロシア語(Russian) | ドイツ語(German) | フランス語(French) | スペイン語(Spanish) The Classical Theory of Fields, Fourth Edition: Volume 2 (Course of Theoretical Physics ...

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ランドー反射」
拡張検索	「Landau-Kleffner症候群」

「ランドー反射」

　　[★]

英

Landau reflex

同

(国試)Landau反射、ランドウ反射

関

原始反射、姿勢反射

[show details]

ランダウ反射 : 1 件
ランドー反射 : 77 件
ランドー反射 Landau : 41 件
ランドウ反射 Landau : 10 件
ランドー反射 : 約 267 件
ランドウ反射 : 約 301 件

• 中脳・視床レベルの反射
• 乳児の腹を支えて水平腹臥位とすると、4ヶ月以降では頚を後屈・頭部を挙上させて背中が伸展する。ここで、頚を前屈させると体幹と下肢が屈曲することである。脳性麻痺の診断や発達のチェックに利用される。
• 3ヶ月から2歳までみられる (SPE.16)

<youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jEDixMrg1nw</youtube> <youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3r-3auZC28</youtube>

• Vojta法で使用されているLandau反射は腹位水平抱きの発達を見たものである。(Neurological checking method of infant medical examination seen by photograph Revised edition 8 p.96)

第1相：頭、体幹、四肢は軽度屈曲(出生直後～1か月半)

第2相：肩の高さまで頸部が伸展。体幹、四肢は軽度屈曲(1か月半～4か月)

第3相：頭を起こし体幹が伸展する。生後6か月で腰仙椎の境まで伸展する。

• Leopold Landauはドイツの産婦人科医、1848-1920

「Landau-Kleffner症候群」

　　[★]

英

Landau-Kleffner syndrome

関

ランドー・クレフナー症候群、ランドウ・クレフナー症候群