| シソ科 |
|
ホトケノザ（Lamium amplexicaule）
|
| 分類（APG III） |
| 界 |
: |
植物界 Plantae |
| 階級なし |
: |
被子植物 Angiosperms |
| 階級なし |
: |
真正双子葉類 Eudicots |
| 階級なし |
: |
キク類 Asterids |
| 目 |
: |
シソ目 Lamiales |
| 科 |
: |
シソ科 Lamiaceae |
|
| 学名 |
| Lamiaceae Martynov |
| タイプ属 |
| Lamium L. |
| 属 |
|
|
レモンバーム（
Melissa officinalis）
ヒメオドリコソウ（
Lamium purpureum）
シソ科 (Lamiaceae) はシソ目に属する植物の科の一つ。
シソのほか、バジル、ミント、ローズマリー、ラベンダー、セージ、マジョラム、オレガノ、タイム、レモンバームなど多くのハーブを含むほか、サルビア、ムラサキシキブ、アジュガなど非芳香性の品種も園芸品種として栽培される。低木やつる性の種もある。
シソ科の植物には抗変異原性があるものが多い[1]。
葉は対生で、精油を含むため香気に富むものが多い。茎の断面は正方形のものが多い。花は左右相称で5枚の花弁（合弁）と萼がある。普通、両性花をつける。果実は4個に分かれ種子を1個ずつ含む。
目次
- 1 保留名について
- 2 下位分類
- 3 系統
- 4 脚注
- 5 関連項目
- 6 外部リンク
保留名について
シソ科は大きく重要な科であるため、その特徴として花弁の形が唇状であることから、新エングラー体系までは学名としてLabiataeが用いられ、昭和中期までその訳語として唇形科（しんけいか）または「くちびるばな科」がもちいられていた。APG植物分類体系では、すべての植物の科名が、典型属に由来するものに改められ、シソ科もオドリコソウ属Lamiumに由来するLamiaceaeに改められた。
しかし長年使われてきたLabiataeを廃止すると混乱が起きるため、保留名として旧名が認められており、最新の書籍でも保留名と新名が併記されていることが多い。
下位分類
約250属7000種を含む。7つの亜科と、それに含まれない幾つかのクレードから構成される[2]。
- ムラサキシキブ属 Callicarpa
- Prostantheroideae - 14属250種
- Prostanthereae
- Chloantheae
- Symphorematoideae - 3属24種
- ハマゴウ亜科 Viticoideae - 4属285種
- Tectona clade - 7属110種
- チーク属 Tectona
- ハマクサギ属 Premna
- キランソウ亜科 Ajugoideae - 約30属1000種
- キランソウ属 Ajuga
- クサギ属 Clerodendrum
- カリガネソウ属 Caryopteris
- ルリハッカ属 Amethystea
- ニガクサ属 Teucrium （ウォールジャーマンダー）
- イヌハッカ亜科 Nepetoideae - 約110属3600種
- ナギナタコウジュ連 Elsholtzieae
- シモバシラ属 Keiskea （シモバシラ）
- ナギナタコウジュ属 Elsholtzia （ナギナタコウジュ）
- ヤマジソ属 Mosla
- シソ属 Perilla （シソ、エゴマ）
- ラベンダー連 Lavanduleae
- ハッカ連 Mentheae
- カワミドリ属 Agastache（アニスヒソップ）
- イヌハッカ属 Nepeta
- オレガノ属 Origanum （オレガノ、マジョラム）
- ハッカ（メンサ）属 Mentha （ミント）
- ムシャリンドウ属 Dracocephalum
- カキドオシ属 Glechoma
- ヤナギハッカ属 Hyssopus(ヒソップ)
- ウツボグサ属 Prunella （ウツボグサ）
- シロネ属 Lycopus
- ラショウモンカズラ属 Meehania （ラショウモンカズラ）
- セイヨウヤマハッカ属 Melissa （レモンバーム）
- ヤグルマハッカ属 Monarda
- アキギリ属（サルビア属） Salvia （サルビア、セージ）
- キダチハッカ属 Satureja （セイバリー）
- ローズマリー属 Rosmarinus
- イブキジャコウソウ属 Thymus （タイム、イブキジャコウソウ）
- トウバナ属 Clinopodium トウバナ、クルマバナ
- メボウキ連 Ocimeae
- ヤマハッカ属 Isodon
- イガニガクサ属 Hyptis
- メボウキ属 Ocimum （バジル）
- Solenostemon - コリウス
- Plectranthus - コレウス・フォルスコリ
- Garrettia
- タツナミソウ亜科 Scutellarioideae - 5属380種
- オドリコソウ亜科 Lamioideae - 約70属1200種
- イヌゴマ属 Stachys （チョロギ）
- スズコウジュ属 Suzukia スズコウジュ
- オドリコソウ属 Lamium （ホトケノザ、ヒメオドリコソウ、オドリコソウ）
- チシマオドリコソウ属 Galeopsis
- ジャコウソウ属 Chelonopsis
- ミズトラノオ属 Pogostemon （ミズトラノオ、ポゴステモン・ヘルフェリー）
- テンニンソウ属 Leucosceptrum （テンニンソウ）
- メハジキ属 Leonurus
- マネキグサ属 Loxocalyx
- ヤンバルツルハッカ属 Leucas ヤンバルツルハッカ
- ニガハッカ属 Marrubium
系統
次のような系統樹が得られている[2]。
脚注
- ^ 野菜類およびキノコ類の抗変異原性について、上田 成子ほか、日本食品工業学会誌、Vol. 38 (1991) No. 6
- ^ a b Jan Thomas Johansson. “Lamiaceae”. The Phylogeny of Angiosperms. 2014年5月4日閲覧。
関連項目
|
ウィキメディア・コモンズには、シソ科に関連するカテゴリがあります。 |
外部リンク
| Mint family |
|
| Lamium purpureum L. |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Plantae |
| (unranked): |
Angiosperms |
| (unranked): |
Eudicots |
| (unranked): |
Asterids |
| Order: |
Lamiales |
| Family: |
Lamiaceae
Martynov[1][2] |
| Genera |
|
See text. Type Genus: Lamium L.
|
Lamium purpureum, showing the bilaterally symmetrical flower
The Lamiaceae ([3] or [3]) or Labiatae (the mint or deadnettle family) are a family of flowering plants. They have traditionally been considered closely related to Verbenaceae,;[4] in the 1990s, phylogenetic studies suggested that many genera classified in Verbenaceae should be classified in the Lamiaceae [5][6] or to other families in the order Lamiales.[1]
The family has a cosmopolitan distribution.[7] The enlarged Lamiaceae contains about 236 genera[4] and has been stated to contain 6,900[7] to 7,200[4] species, but the World Checklist lists 7,534.[8] The largest genera are Salvia (900), Scutellaria (360), Stachys (300), Plectranthus (300), Hyptis (280), Teucrium (250), Vitex (250), Thymus (220), and Nepeta (200).[4] Clerodendrum was once a genus of over 400 species,[4] but by 2010, it had been narrowed to about 150.[9]
The plants are frequently aromatic in all parts and include many widely used culinary herbs, such as basil, mint, rosemary, sage, savory, marjoram, oregano, hyssop, thyme, lavender, and perilla. Some are shrubs, trees (such as teak), or, rarely, vines. Many members of the family are widely cultivated, owing not only to their aromatic qualities but also their ease of cultivation: these plants are among the easiest plants to propagate by stem cuttings.[citation needed] Besides those grown for their edible leaves, some are grown for decorative foliage, such as coleus. Others are grown for seed, such as Salvia hispanica (chia), or for their edible tubers, such as Plectranthus edulis, Plectranthus esculentus, Plectranthus rotundifolius, and Stachys affinis (Chinese artichoke).
The original family name is Labiatae, so given because the flowers typically have petals fused into an upper lip and a lower lip (labia in Latin). The flowers are bilaterally symmetrical with 5 united petals, 5 united sepals. They are usually bisexual and verticillastrate (a flower cluster that looks like a whorl of flowers but actually consists of two crowded clusters). Although this is still considered an acceptable alternative name, most botanists now use the name "Lamiaceae" in referring to this family. The leaves emerge oppositely, each pair at right angles to the previous one (called decussate) or whorled. The stems are frequently square in cross section, but this is not found in all members of the family, and is sometimes found in other plant families.
Contents
- 1 Genera
- 2 Recent changes
- 3 Subfamilies and tribes
- 4 Phylogeny
- 5 References
- 6 External links
Genera
The last revision of the entire family was published in 2004.[4] It described and provided keys to 236 genera. These are marked with an asterisk in the list below. A few genera have been established or resurrected since 2004. These are marked with a plus sign. The remaining genera in the list are mostly of historical interest only and are from a source that includes such genera without explanation.[10] Few of these are recognized in modern treatments of the family.
Kew Gardens provides a list of genera that includes additional information.[11] A list at the Angiosperm Phylogeny Website is frequently updated.[12]
Recent changes
The circumscription of several genera has changed since 2004. Tsoongia, Paravitex, and Viticipremna have been sunk into synonymy with Vitex.[13] Huxleya has been sunk into Volkameria.[9] Kalaharia, Volkameria, Ovieda, and Tetraclea have been segregated from a formerly polyphyletic Clerodendrum.[9] Rydingia has been separated from Leucas.[14] The remaining Leucas is paraphyletic over four other genera.[15]
Subfamilies and tribes
In 2004, Lamiaceae were divided into seven subfamilies with ten genera not placed in any of the subfamilies.[4] The unplaced genera are: Tectona, Callicarpa, Hymenopyramis, Petraeovitex, Peronema, Garrettia, Cymaria, Acrymia, Holocheila, and Ombrocharis. The subfamilies are Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae, Ajugoideae, Prostantheroideae, Nepetoideae, Scutellarioideae, and Lamioideae. The subfamily Viticoideae is probably not monophyletic.[13] Prostantheroideae and Nepetoideae are divided into tribes. These are shown in the phylogenetic tree below.
Phylogeny
Most of the genera of Lamiaceae have never been sampled for DNA for molecular phylogenetic studies. Most of those that have been are included in the following phylogenetic tree. The phylogeny depicted below is based on seven different sources.[4][6][9][13][16][17][18]
| Lamiaceae |
|
Callicarpa
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Tectona
|
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| Viticoideae (pro parte) |
|
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| Viticoideae (pro parte) |
Vitex
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| Symphorematoideae |
|
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| Ajugoideae |
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Rotheca
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Teucrium
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Ajuga
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Kalaharia
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Clerodendrum
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Volkameria
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Ovieda
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Aegiphila
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Tetraclea
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Amasonia
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| Prostantheroideae |
| Chloantheae |
Chloanthes
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| Westringieae |
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| Nepetoideae |
| Ocimeae |
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Lavandula
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Siphocranion
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Isodon
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Hanceola
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Hyptis
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Plectranthus
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Solenostemon
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| Elsholtzieae |
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| Mentheae |
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Lepechinia
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Salvia
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Rosmarinus
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Prunella
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Nepeta
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Dracocephalum
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Agastache
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| Scutellarioideae |
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| Lamioideae |
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Pogostemon
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Phlomis
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Lamium
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Leonurus
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Marrubium
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Moluccella
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References
- ^ a b Stevens, P. F. (July 2012). "Lamiales (Lamiaceae Family)". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Retrieved 25 March 2015.
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013-06-26.
- ^ a b "Pronunciation of lamiaceae". Retrieved 2014-11-25.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Raymond M. Harley, Sandy Atkins, Andrey L. Budantsev, Philip D. Cantino, Barry J. Conn, Renée J. Grayer, Madeline M. Harley, Rogier P.J. de Kok, Tatyana V. Krestovskaja, Ramón Morales, Alan J. Paton, and P. Olof Ryding. 2004. "Labiatae" pages 167-275. In: Klaus Kubitzki (editor) and Joachim W. Kadereit (volume editor). The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants volume VII. Springer-Verlag: Berlin; Heidelberg, Germany. ISBN 978-3-540-40593-1
- ^ Cantino, P.D., Harley, R.M. & Wagstaff, S.J. 1992. Genera of Labiatae: status and classification. Pp. 511-522. In: Raymond M. Harley and Tom Reynolds (editors). Advances in Labiate Science. Richmond, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
- ^ a b Wagstaff, Steven J.; Hickerson, Laura; Spangler, Russ; Reeves, Patrick A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (1998). "Phylogeny in Labiatae s.l., inferred from cpDNA sequences". Plant Systematics and Evolution 209 (3–4): 265–274. doi:10.1007/bf00985232.
- ^ a b Heywood, Vernon H.; Brummitt, Richard K.; Seberg, Ole; Culham, Alastair. Flowering Plant Families of the World. Ontario, Canada: Firefly Books. ISBN 978-1-55407-206-4.
- ^ World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ a b c d Yuan, Yao-Wu; Mabberley, David J.; Steane, Dorothy A.; Olmstead, Richard G. (2010). "Further disintegration and redefinition of Clerodendrum (Lamiaceae): Implications for the understanding of the evolution of an intriguing breeding strategy". Taxon 59 (1): 125–133.
- ^ "List of genera in Lamiaceae". In: "Lamiaceae". In: "List of families". In: "Families and genera in GRIN. (see External links below)
- ^ List of Genera in Lamiaceae. At: Vascular Plant Families and Genera. At: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. At: Electronic Plant Information Center. At: Website of Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (see External Links below).
- ^ APG list of Lamiaceae genera
- ^ a b c Bramley, Gemma L.C.; Forest, Félix; Rogier (2009). "Troublesome tropical mints: re-examining generic limits of Vitex and relations (Lamiaceae) in South East Asia". Taxon 58 (2): 500–510.
- ^ Scheen, Anne-Cathrine; Albert, Victor A. (2007). "Nomenclatural and taxonomic changes within the Leucas clade (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)".". Systematics and Geography of Plants 77 (2): 229–238.
- ^ Scheen, Anne-Cathrine; Albert, Victor A. (2009). "Molecular Phylogenetics of the Leucas Group (Lamioideae; Lamiaceae)".". Systematic Botany 34 (1): 173–181. doi:10.1600/036364409787602366.
- ^ Zhong, Jin-Shun; Li, Jie; Li, Lang; Conran, John G.; Hsi-wen, Li (2010). "Phylogeny of Isodon (Schrad. ex Benth.) Spach (Lamiaceae) and Related Genera Inferred from Nuclear Ribosomal ITS, trnL-trnF Region, and rps16 Intron Sequences and Morphology". Systematic Botany 35 (1): 207–219. doi:10.1600/036364410790862614.
- ^ Walker, Jay B.; Sytsma, Kenneth J. (2007). "Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever". Annals of Botany 100 (2): 375–391. doi:10.1093/aob/mcl176. PMC 2735309. PMID 16926227.
- ^ Ryding, P. Olof (2010). "Pericarp structure and phylogeny of tribe Mentheae (Lamiaceae)".". Plant Systematics and Evolution 285 (3-4): 165–175. doi:10.1007/s00606-010-0270-9.
External links
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Lamiaceae. |
|
Wikispecies has information related to: Lamiaceae |
- Lamiaceae in L. Watson and M.J. Dallwitz (1992 onwards). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval. http://delta-intkey.com