WordNet

small room in which a monk or nun lives (同)cubicle
a device that delivers an electric current as the result of a chemical reaction (同)electric cell
a room where a prisoner is kept (同)jail cell, prison cell
(biology) the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms; they may exist as independent units of life (as in monads) or may form colonies or tissues as in higher plants and animals
any small compartment; "the cells of a honeycomb"
a small unit serving as part of or as the nucleus of a larger political movement (同)cadre

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(刑務所の)『独房』;(修道院の)小さい独居室 / (ミツバチの)みつ房,巣穴 / 小さい部屋 / 『細胞』 / 電池 / 花粉室 / (共産党などの)細胞

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1. T細胞受容体シグナル伝達 t cell receptor signaling
2. 末梢性T細胞リンパ腫の初期治療 initial treatment of peripheral t cell lymphoma
3. HLAハプロタイプ適合造血細胞移植 hla haploidentical hematopoietic cell transplantation
4. B細胞前リンパ球性白血病 b cell prolymphocytic leukemia
5. 成人における赤血球輸血：保管、専門的調整、および輸血パラメータ red blood cell transfusion in adults storage specialized modifications and infusion parameters

English Journal

Effect of bacterial cell-free supernatants on infectivity of norovirus surrogates.

Shearer AE, Hoover DG, Kniel KE.Author information Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Delaware, 044 Townsend Hall, 531 South College Avenue, Newark, Delaware 19716-2150, USA.AbstractBacterial metabolic products were evaluated for inhibitory effects on viral propagation in cell culture. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) were prepared from growth of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525, Escherichia coli 08, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Bacillus subtilis 168, Bacillus coagulans 185A, B. coagulans 7050, Clostridium sporogenes PA3679, and a commercial probiotic mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Lactobacillus salivarius, and Streptococcus thermophilus in microbiological medium or milk. The inhibitory effects of CFS on the propagation of murine norovirus 1 and Tulane virus in RAW 264.7 and LLCMK2 cells, respectively, were evaluated in the continuous presence of CFS or after exposure of host cells to CFS. Slight inhibition of viral propagation was observed for murine norovirus and Tulane virus in the continuous presence of CFS of B. subtilis 168 and E. faecalis 19433, respectively. CFS cytotoxicity was also determined by microscopic examination. Virus persisted in the CFS that demonstrated cytotoxic effects, suggesting a lack of direct effect of CFS on virions. The viral propagation indicates a general lack of competitive inhibition by bacterial extracellular products and bears significance in understanding the persistence of virus in food and human systems shared by bacteria that are recognized for their colonization and competitive capabilities.
Journal of food protection.J Food Prot.2014 Jan;77(1):145-9. doi: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-13-204.
Bacterial metabolic products were evaluated for inhibitory effects on viral propagation in cell culture. Cell-free supernatants (CFS) were prepared from growth of Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 19433, Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 13525, Escherichia coli 08, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Bacillu
PMID 24406013

A quinoxaline derivative as a potent chemotherapeutic agent, alone or in combination with benznidazole, against Trypanosoma cruzi.

Rodrigues JH1, Ueda-Nakamura T2, Corrêa AG3, Sangi DP3, Nakamura CV2.Author information 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas - Biologia Celular e Molecular, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.2Departamento de Ciências Básicas da Saúde - Laboratório de Inovação Tecnológica no Desenvolvimento de Fármacos e Cosméticos, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.3Departamento de Química - Laboratório de Síntese de Produtos Naturais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil.AbstractBACKGROUND: Chagas' disease is a condition caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi that affects millions of people, mainly in Latin America where it is considered endemic. The chemotherapy for Chagas disease remains a problem; the standard treatment currently relies on a single drug, benznidazole, which unfortunately induces several side effects and it is not successful in the cure of most of the chronic patients. In order to improve the drug armamentarium against Chagas' disease, in the present study we describe the synthesis of the compound 3-chloro-7-methoxy-2-(methylsulfonyl) quinoxaline (quinoxaline 4) and its activity, alone or in combination with benznidazole, against Trypanosoma cruzi in vitro.
PloS one.PLoS One.2014 Jan 17;9(1):e85706. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0085706. eCollection 2014.
BACKGROUND: Chagas' disease is a condition caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi that affects millions of people, mainly in Latin America where it is considered endemic. The chemotherapy for Chagas disease remains a problem; the standard treatment currently relies on a single drug, benznidazole,
PMID 24465654

Chemistry and Antiviral Activity of Arrabidaea pulchra (Bignoniaceae).

Brandão GC1, Kroon EG, Souza DE, Souza Filho JD, Oliveira AB.Author information 1Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av Antônio Carlos, 6627 CEP 31.270-901 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.AbstractThe aim of the present work was to carry out a bioguided isolation of antiviral chemical constituents from an ethanol extract of leaves from Arrabidaea pulchra (Cham.) Sandwith (EEAPL) that had shown in vitro activity in a previous screening using DNA and RNA viruses. The activity of EEPAL was evaluated against the DNA viruses Human herpesvirus 1 (HSV-1) and Vaccinia virus Western Reserve (VACV-WR) as well as against the RNA viruses Murine encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV), and Dengue virus 2 (DENV-2) by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) colorimetric assay. Cytotoxicity was determined in LLCMK2 and Vero cells and the Selectivity Indexes (SI) were calculated. The most potent effect was observed against DENV-2 (EC50 46.8 ± 1.6 µg mL(-1); SI 2.7). For HSV-1 and VACV-WR EC50 values > 200 µg mL(-1) were determined, while no inhibition of the cytopathic effect was observed with EMCV. Bioguided fractionation of EEAPL by partition between immiscible solvents followed by chromatography over a Sephadex LH20 column afforded two arylpropanoid glycosides, verbascoside (AP 1) and caffeoylcalleryanin (AP 2), along with a terpenoid, ursolic acid (AP 3). AP 1 and AP 3 exhibited similar anti-DENV-2 profiles, with SI values of 3.8 and 3.1, respectively, while AP 2 was the most effective anti-DENV-2 constituent, with a SI of 20.0. Our results show that A. pulchra leaves ethanol extract (EEAPL) affords compounds with antiviral activity, mainly against DENV-2.
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland).Molecules.2013 Aug 16;18(8):9919-32. doi: 10.3390/molecules18089919.
The aim of the present work was to carry out a bioguided isolation of antiviral chemical constituents from an ethanol extract of leaves from Arrabidaea pulchra (Cham.) Sandwith (EEAPL) that had shown in vitro activity in a previous screening using DNA and RNA viruses. The activity of EEPAL was evalu
PMID 23959197

Japanese Journal

Inhibitory Effect of Bovine Lactoferrin on Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 2 Infection

Yamamoto Hidetaka,Ura Yukari,Tanemura Miho [他],Koyama Aoi,Takano Sayaka,Uematsu Jun,Kawano Mitsuo,Tsurudome Masato,O'Brien Myles,Komada Hiroshi
Journal of Health Science 56(5), 613-617, 2010
… In this study, the effects of Lf on the growth of human parainfluenza virus type 2 (hPIV-2) in LLCMK2 cells were investigated. … Lf inhibited cell fusion and hemadsorption induced by hPIV-2. … Using a recombinant, green fluorescence protein-expressing hPIV-2 (rghPIV-2), it was found that virus entry into cells were considerably inhibited by Lf, but cell-to-cell spread was not inhibited. …
NAID 130000425098

Fucoidan inhibits parainfluenza virus type 2 infection to LLCMK2 cells

Taoda Naomi,Shinji Eri,Nishii Kumiko,Nishioka Saori,Yonezawa Yukari,Uematsu Jun,Hattori Emi,Yamamoto Hidetaka,Kawano Mitsuo,Tsurudome Masato,O'Brien Myles,Yamashita Tetsuro,Komada Hiroshi
Biomedical Research 29(6), 331-334, 2008
… Fucoidan inhibited cell fusion and hemadsorption, but L-fucose only partly inhibited both. … These results suggested that fucoidan inhibited virus adsorption to the surface of the cells by binding to the cell surface and prevented infection, indicating that the sulfated polysaccharide form was important for the inhibition by fucoidan. …
NAID 130004470733

Adsorption of LLCMK2 Cell-Grown Sendai Virus onto Human Red Blood Cells and Its Release from the Virus Adsorbed Cells

KOMATSU Hiroyoshi,TOZAWA Hideki
MICROBIOLOGY and IMMUNOLOGY 32(12), 1201-1210, 1988
… An early stage of virus adsorption was studied in a system of Sendai virus metabolically labeled with [3H]leucine in LLCMK2 cells and of human red blood cells (RBCs). …
NAID 130003483412