関: butane

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occurs in natural gas; used in the manufacture of rubber and fuels

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ブタン(メタン系炭化水素の一つ)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/06/21 16:57:52」(JST)

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Isobutane (i-butane), also known as methylpropane, is an isomer of butane. It is the simplest alkane with a tertiary carbon. Concerns with depletion of the ozone layer by freon gases have led to increased use of isobutane as a gas for refrigeration systems, especially in domestic refrigerators and freezers, and as a propellant in aerosol sprays. When used as a refrigerant or a propellant, isobutane is also known as R-600a. Some portable camp stoves use a mixture of isobutane with propane, usually 80:20. Isobutane is used as a feedstock in the petrochemical industry, for example in the synthesis of isooctane.^[2]

Its UN number (for hazardous substances see shipping) is UN 1969. Isobutane is the R group for the amino acid leucine.

Nomenclature [edit]

Isobutane is the trivial name retained by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) in its 1993 Recommendations for the Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry.^[3] Since the longest continuous chain in isobutane is only three carbon atoms, the systematic name is 2-methylpropane. The position number (2-) is unnecessary because it is the only possibility in methylpropane.

The two isomers of butane
n-Butane
Isobutane (methylpropane)

Uses [edit]

Isobutane is used as a refrigerant.^[4] The use in refrigerators started in 1993 when Greenpeace presented the Greenfreeze project with the German company Foron.^[5] In this regard, blends of pure, dry "isobutane" (R-600a) (that is, isobutane mixtures) have negligible ozone depletion potential and very low Global Warming Potential (having a value of 3.3 times the GWP of carbon dioxide) and can serve as a functional replacement for R-12, R-22, R-134a, and other chlorofluorocarbon or hydrofluorocarbon refrigerants in conventional stationary refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

In the Chevron Phillips slurry process for making high-density polyethylene, isobutane is used as a diluent. As the slurried polyethylene is removed, isobutane is "flashed" off, and condensed, and recycled back into the loop reactor for this purpose.^[6]

Isobutane is also used as a propellant for aerosol cans and foam products.

Refrigerant use [edit]

As a refrigerant, isobutane has an explosion risk in addition to the hazards associated with non-flammable CFC refrigerants. Reports surfaced in late 2009 suggesting the use of isobutane as a refrigerant in domestic refrigerators was potentially dangerous. Several refrigerator explosions reported in the United Kingdom are suspected to have been caused as a result of isobutane leaking into the refrigerator cabinet and being ignited by sparks in the electrical system.^[7] Although unclear how serious this could be, at the time this report came out it was estimated 300 million refrigerators worldwide use isobutane as a refrigerant.

Substitution of this refrigerant for motor vehicle air conditioning systems not originally designed for R600a is widely prohibited or discouraged, on the grounds that using flammable hydrocarbons in systems originally designed to carry non-flammable refrigerant presents a significant risk of fire or explosion.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14]

Vendors and advocates of hydrocarbon refrigerants argue against such bans on the grounds that there have been very few such incidents relative to the number of vehicle air conditioning systems filled with hydrocarbons.^[15]^[16]

References [edit]

^ "ISOBUTANE - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 March 2012.
^ Patent Watch, July 31, 2006.
^ Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2. http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_679.htm
^ "European Commission on retrofit refrigerants for stationary applications" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ Page - March 15, 2010 (2010-03-15). "GreenFreeze". Greenpeace. Retrieved 2013-01-02.
^ Kenneth S. Whiteley (2005), "Polyethylene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487.pub2
^ Bingham, John (September 1, 2009). "Exploding fridges: ozone friendly gas theory for mystery blasts". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved May 5, 2010.
^ "U.S. EPA hydrocarbon-refrigerants FAQ". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ Compendium of hydrocarbon-refrigerant policy statements, October 2006^{[dead link]}
^ "MACS bulletin: hydrocarbon refrigerant usage in vehicles" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ "Society of Automotive Engineers hydrocarbon refrigerant bulletin". Sae.org. 2005-04-27. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ "Saskatchewan Labour bulletin on hydrocarbon refrigerants in vehicles". Labour.gov.sk.ca. 2010-06-29. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ VASA on refrigerant legality & advisability^{[dead link]}
^ "Queensland (Australia) government warning on hydrocarbon refrigerants". Energy.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ "New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 16 October 1997". Parliament.nsw.gov.au. 1997-10-16. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
^ "New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 29 June 2000". Parliament.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2010-10-29.

External links [edit]

International Chemical Safety Card 0901
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

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… In case of alkane hydrates (methane,ethane, propane and isobutane hydrates), alkyl radicals derived from guest molecules show different behaviors in three temperature ranges. …
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Isobutane/N2 Pulsed Radio Frequency Magnetron Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition of Hydrogenated Amorphous Carbon Nitride Films for Field Emission Applications

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Related Pictures

Go Back > Gallery For > Isobutane NovaSpray™ isopentane/isobutane (75/25) Isobutane File:isobutane molecule 3d x. Isobutane Molecule File:isobutane molecule Isobutane Uses You Can Just Iso my Butane: Isobutane and Isobutane Newman Projection Isobutane

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リンク元	「butane」「イソブタン」

「butane」

Isobutane
	IUPAC name Methylpropane
Identifiers
CAS number	75-28-5
PubChem	6360
ChemSpider	6120
UNII	BXR49TP611
EC number	200-857-2
UN number	1969
KEGG	D04623
ChEBI	CHEBI:30363
RTECS number	TZ4300000
Beilstein Reference	1730720
Gmelin Reference	1301
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
	SMILES CC(C)C ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C4H10/c1-4(2)3/h4H,1-3H3 ; Key: NNPPMTNAJDCUHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N ;
Properties
Molecular formula	C4H10
Molar mass	58.12 g mol−1
Appearance	Colorless gas
Odor	Odorless
Density	2.51 mg mL−1 (at 15 °C, 100 kPa)
Melting point	-233--33 °C, 40-240 K, -388--28 °F
Boiling point	-13--9 °C, 260-264 K, 8-16 °F
Vapor pressure	204.8 kPa (at 21 °C)
kH	8.6 nmol Pa−1 kg−1
Thermochemistry
Std enthalpy of; formation ΔfHo298	−134.8–−133.6 kJ mol−1
Std enthalpy of; combustion ΔcHo298	−2.86959–−2.86841 MJ mol−1
Specific heat capacity, C	96.65 J K−1 mol−1
Hazards
MSDS	External MSDS
GHS pictograms
GHS signal word	DANGER
GHS hazard statements	H220
GHS precautionary statements	P210
EU Index	601-004-00-0
EU classification	F+
R-phrases	R12
S-phrases	(S2), S16
NFPA 704	4 1 0
Flash point	-83 °C
Autoignition; temperature	460 °C
Explosive limits	1.4–8.3%
Related compounds
Related alkane	Isopentane
Supplementary data page
Structure and; properties	n, εr, etc.
Thermodynamic; data	Phase behaviour; Solid, liquid, gas
Spectral data	UV, IR, NMR, MS
	(verify) (what is: /?); Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa)
	Infobox references

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ブタン

関: Isobutane

「イソブタン」

　　[★]

英: Isobutane
関: ブタン

[1] "ISOBUTANE - Compound Summary". PubChem Compound. USA: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 16 September 2004. Identification and Related Records. Retrieved 5 March 2012.

[2] Patent Watch, July 31, 2006.

[3] Panico, R.; & Powell, W. H. (Eds.) (1994). A Guide to IUPAC Nomenclature of Organic Compounds 1993. Oxford: Blackwell Science. ISBN 0-632-03488-2. http://www.acdlabs.com/iupac/nomenclature/93/r93_679.htm

[4] "European Commission on retrofit refrigerants for stationary applications" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-10-29.

[5] Page - March 15, 2010 (2010-03-15). "GreenFreeze". Greenpeace. Retrieved 2013-01-02.

[6] Kenneth S. Whiteley (2005), "Polyethylene", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Weinheim: Wiley-VCH, doi:10.1002/14356007.a21_487.pub2

[7] Bingham, John (September 1, 2009). "Exploding fridges: ozone friendly gas theory for mystery blasts". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved May 5, 2010.

[8] "U.S. EPA hydrocarbon-refrigerants FAQ". Epa.gov. Retrieved 2010-10-29.

[9] Compendium of hydrocarbon-refrigerant policy statements, October 2006^{[dead link]}

[10] "MACS bulletin: hydrocarbon refrigerant usage in vehicles" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-10-29.

[11] "Society of Automotive Engineers hydrocarbon refrigerant bulletin". Sae.org. 2005-04-27. Retrieved 2010-10-29.

[12] "Saskatchewan Labour bulletin on hydrocarbon refrigerants in vehicles". Labour.gov.sk.ca. 2010-06-29. Retrieved 2010-10-29.

[13] VASA on refrigerant legality & advisability^{[dead link]}

[14] "Queensland (Australia) government warning on hydrocarbon refrigerants". Energy.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2010-10-29.

[15] "New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 16 October 1997". Parliament.nsw.gov.au. 1997-10-16. Retrieved 2010-10-29.

[16] "New South Wales (Australia) Parliamentary record, 29 June 2000". Parliament.nsw.gov.au. Retrieved 2010-10-29.

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Isobutane