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- gentian、Gentiana
WordNet
- chiefly herbaceous plants with showy flowers; some are cultivated as ornamentals (同)family Gentianaceae, gentian family
- any of various plants of the family Gentianaceae especially the genera Gentiana and Gentianella and Gentianopsis
- type genus of the Gentianaceae; cosmopolitan genus of herbs nearly cosmopolitan in cool temperate regions; in some classifications includes genera Gentianopsis and Gentianella (同)genus Gentiana
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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/11/14 17:32:37」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
| Gentian family |
|
| Gentiana acaulis |
| Scientific classification |
| Kingdom: |
Plantae |
| (unranked): |
Angiosperms |
| (unranked): |
Eudicots |
| (unranked): |
Asterids |
| Order: |
Gentianales |
| Family: |
Gentianaceae
Juss.[1] |
| Type genus |
Gentiana
L. |
Gentianaceae is a family of flowering plants of 87 genera and about 1600 species.[2]
Contents
- 1 Etymology
- 2 Distribution
- 3 Characteristics
- 4 Ecology
- 5 Uses
- 6 Taxonomy
- 7 Phylogeny
- 8 References
- 9 External links
Etymology[edit]
The family takes its name from the genus Gentiana, named after the Illyrian king Gentius.
Distribution[edit]
Distribution is cosmopolitan.
Characteristics[edit]
The family consists of trees, shrubs and herbs showing a wide range of colours and floral patterns. Flowers are actinomorphic and bisexual with fused sepals and petals. The stamens are attached to the inside of the petals (epipetalous) and alternate with the corolla lobes. There is a glandular disk at the base of the gynoecium, and flowers have parietal placentation. The inflorescence is cymose, with simple or complex cymes. The fruits are dehiscent septicidal capsules splitting into two halves, rarely some species have a berry. Seeds are small with copiously oily endosperms and a straight embryo. The habit varies from small trees, pachycaul shrubs to (usually) herbs, with ascending, erect or twining stems. Plants are usually rhizomatous. Leaves opposite, less often alternate or in some species whorled, simple in shape, with entire edges and bases connately attached to the stem. Stipules are absent. Plants usually accumulate bitter iridoid substances; bicollateral bundles are present. Ecologically, partial myco-heterotrophy is common among species in this family with a few genera such as Voyria and Voyriella lacking chlorophyll and being fully myco-heterotrophic.
Ecology[edit]
Some of these plants have limited ranges and are protected under governmental oversight. For example, Gentianella uliginosa (Dune Gentian), which occurs in some limited areas of Wales and Scotland, is a priority species under the Biodiversity Action Plan of the United Kingdom.[citation needed]
Uses[edit]
Economically, some species are cultivated ornamental plants and many species yield bitter principles used medicinally and in flavorings.
Taxonomy[edit]
The family was described for the first time by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789.
Tribes[edit]
- tribe Chironieae (G.Don) Endl.
- subtribe Canscorinae Thiv & Kadereit
- subtribe Chironiinae G.Don
- subtribe Coutoubeinae G.Don
- tribe Exaceae Colla
- tribe Gentianeae Colla
- subtribe Gentianinae G.Don
- subtribe Swertiinae (Griseb.) Rchb.
- tribe Helieae Gilg
- tribe Potalieae Rchb.
- subtribe Faroinae Struwe & V.A.Albert
- subtribe Lisianthiinae G.Don
- subtribe Potaliinae (Mart.) Progel
- tribe Saccifolieae (Maguire & Pires) Struwe, Thiv, V.A.Albert & Kadereit
- incertae sedis Voyria
Genera[edit]
- Adenolisianthus (Progel) Gilg
- Anthocleista R.Br.
- Aripuana Struwe, Maas & V.A.Albert
- Bartonia H.L.Mühl. ex Willd.
- Bisgoeppertia Kuntze
- Blackstonia Huds.
- Calolisianthus Gilg
- Canscora Lam.
- Celiantha Maguire
- Centaurium Hill
- Chelonanthus Gilg
- Chironia L.
- Chorisepalum Gleason & Wodehouse
- Cicendia Adans.
- Comastoma (Wettst.) Toyok.
- Congolanthus A.Raynal
- Cotylanthera Blume
- Coutoubea Aubl.
- Cracosna Gagnep.
- Crawfurdia Wall.
- Curtia Cham. & Schltdl.
- Deianira Cham. & Schltdl.
- Djaloniella P.Taylor
- Enicostema Blume
- Eustoma Salisb.
- Exaculum Caruel
- Exacum L.
- Fagraea Thunb.
- Faroa Welw.
- Frasera Walter
- Geniostemon Engelm. & A.Gray
- Gentiana L.
- Gentianella Moench
- Gentianopsis Ma
- Gentianothamnus Humbert.
- Halenia Borkh.
- Helia Mart.
- Hockinia Gardner
- Hoppea Willd.
- Irlbachia Mart.
- Ixanthus Griseb.
- Jaeschkea Kurz
- Karina Boutique
- Lagenanthus Gilg
- Latouchea Franch.
- Lehmanniella Gilg
- Lisianthius P.Browne
- Lomatogonium A.Braun
- Macrocarpaea (Griseb.) Gilg
- Megacodon (Hemsl.) Harry Sm.
- Microrphium C.B.Clarke
- Neblinantha Maguire
- Neurotheca Salisb. ex Benth.
- Obolaria L.
- Oreonesion A.Raynal
- Ornichia Klack.
- Orphium E.Mey.
- Phyllocyclus Kurz
- Potalia Aubl.
- Prepusa Mart.
- Pterygocalyx Maxim.
- Purdieanthus Gilg
- Pycnosphaera Gilg
- Rogersonanthus Maguire & Pires
- Sabatia Adans.
- Saccifolium Maguire & Pires
- Schinziella Gilg
- Schultesia Mart.
- Sebaea Sol. ex R.Br.
- Senaea Taub.
- Sipapoantha Maguire & B.M.Boom
- Swertia L.
- Symbolanthus G.Don
- Tachia Aubl.
- Tachiadenus Griseb.
- Tapeinostemon Benth.
- Tetrapollinia Maguire & B.M.Boom
- Tripterospermum Blume
- Urogentias Gilg & Gilg-Ben.
- Veratrilla Baill. ex Franch.
- Voyria Aubl.
- Voyriella Miq.
- Wurdackanthus Maguire
- Xestaea Griseb.
- Zonanthus Griseb.
- Zygostigma Griseb.
Phylogeny[edit]
| Gentianaceae |
|
Saccifolieae
|
|
|
|
Exaceae
|
|
|
|
Chironieae
|
|
|
|
Helieae
|
|
|
Potalieae
|
|
|
Gentianeae
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
References[edit]
- ^ Angiosperm Phylogeny Group (2009). "An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of flowering plants: APG III" (PDF). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 161 (2): 105–121. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00996.x. Retrieved 2013–07–06.
- ^ Struwe L, Albert VA (2002). Gentianaceae: systematics and natural history. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80999-1.
External links[edit]
English Journal
- Identification of xanthones from Swertia punicea using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry.
- Du XG, Wang W, Zhang QY, Cheng J, Avula B, Khan IA, Guo DA.SourceSchool of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China.
- Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM.Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom.2012 Dec 30;26(24):2913-23. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6419.
- RATIONALE: Swertia punicea Hemsl. (Gentianaceae) are used mainly for the treatment of acute bilious hepatitis, cholecystitis, fever, intoxification and jaundice in China, as a traditional Chinese folk medicine. Xanthones as the main chemical components of Swertia punicea have many possible pharmacol
- PMID 23136022
- Construction of the first genetic linkage map of Japanese gentian (Gentianaceae).
- Nakatsuka T, Yamada E, Saito M, Hikage T, Ushiku Y, Nishihara M.AbstractABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Japanese gentians (Gentiana triflora and Gentiana scabra) are amongst the most popular floricultural plants in Japan. However, genomic resources for Japanese gentians have not yet been developed, mainly because of the heterozygous genome structure conserved by outcrossing, the long juvenile period, and limited knowledge about the inheritance of important traits. In this study, we developed a genetic linkage map to improve breeding programs of Japanese gentians.
- BMC genomics.BMC Genomics.2012 Nov 28;13(1):672. [Epub ahead of print]
- ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Japanese gentians (Gentiana triflora and Gentiana scabra) are amongst the most popular floricultural plants in Japan. However, genomic resources for Japanese gentians have not yet been developed, mainly because of the heterozygous genome structure conserved by outcrossing, the
- PMID 23186361
- Suppression of growth of A549 lung cancer cells by waltonitone and its mechanisms of action.
- Zhang Y, Zhang GB, Xu XM, Zhang M, Qu D, Niu HY, Bai X, Kan L, He P.SourceDepartment of Geriatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
- Oncology reports.Oncol Rep.2012 Sep;28(3):1029-35. doi: 10.3892/or.2012.1869. Epub 2012 Jun 15.
- Natural compounds are a great source of cancer chemotherapeutic agents. Our investigation indicates that waltonitone, a triterpene extracted from medicinal plants, inhibits the proliferation of A549 cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Waltonitone
- PMID 22710478
Japanese Journal
- Secoiridoid glycosides from the root of Gentiana crassicaulis with inhibitory effects against LPS-induced NO and IL-6 production in RAW264 macrophages
- The anti-inflammatory secoiridoid glycosides from Gentianae Scabrae Radix : the root and rhizome of Gentiana scabra
- ゲンチアナ,リュウタン,ジンギョウについてHPLCによる分析法の検討と市場品の分析
Related Links
- All names The status of the 7,000 names (including infraspecific names) for the family Gentianaceae recorded in The Plant List, are as follows:
- Gentianaceae, the gentian family of the flowering plant order Gentianales, containing 87 genera and nearly 1,700 species of annual and perennial herbs and, rarely, shrubs, native primarily to northern temperate areas of the world.
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