Freund adjuvant

フロイント・アジュバント

WordNet

1. an additive that enhances the effectiveness of medical treatment
2. enhancing the action of a medical treatment; "the adjuvant action of certain bacteria"

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2017/12/12 21:22:33」(JST)

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Freund's adjuvant is a solution of antigen emulsified in mineral oil and used as an immunopotentiator (booster). The complete form, Freund's Complete Adjuvant (FCA or CFA) is composed of inactivated and dried mycobacteria (usually M. tuberculosis), whereas the incomplete form (FIA or IFA) lacks the mycobacterial components (hence just the water in oil emulsion). It is named after Jules T. Freund.

Regulation

Freund's complete adjuvant is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity and leads to potentiation of T helper cells that leads to the production of certain immunoglobulins and effector T cells. Its use in humans is forbidden by regulatory authorities, due to its toxicity. Even for animal research there are currently guidelines associated with its use, due to its painful reaction and potential for tissue damage. Injections of FCA should be subcutaneous or intraperitoneal, because intradermal injections may cause skin ulceration and necrosis; intramuscular injections may lead to temporary or permanent muscle lesion, and intravenous injections may produce pulmonary lipid embolism.

Effects

When administered to diabetes prone NOD mice Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) prevented juvenile-onset diabetes. When combined with spleen cells FCA was said to have reversed diabetes. In 2006 these claims were confirmed that even without spleen cells FCA can restore insulin producing beta cells in pancreas of NOD mice. Although newspapers have described the 2006 findings as confirming the earlier experiments,. A report from NIH was released on November 23, 2006 in Science confirming the participation of spleen cells in reversing end-stage diabetes.

It has also been investigated in an animal model of Parkinson's disease.

Mechanism

FCA is known to stimulate production of tumor necrosis factor, which is thought to kill the T-cells responsible for the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic Beta cells. Still in question is whether the regrowth of functional insulin-producing cells occurs due to differentiation and proliferation of existing pancreatic stem cells, or whether the injected spleen cells re-differentiate to an insulin-producing form. Denise Faustman, whose work has been central to developing the protocol, has suggested that both mechanisms may play a role. However, in experiments to verify and examine her work, Suri reported that DNA-based evidence yielded no sign that spleen cells were needed in pancreatic islet Beta cells regeneration after the FCA treatment. In pancreatic islets the β-cells regenerate following Freund’s adjuvant treatment. This is related to the induction of Th17 cells by adjuvant treatment and these cells produce Interleukin-22 (IL-22). Pancreatic islets express high levels of IL-22 receptor and IL-22 has been shown to induce islet beta cell regeneration.

See also

• Immunologic adjuvant

External links

• Recommendations for Use and Alternatives to Freund's Complete Adjuvant. University of Iowa

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

• Pharmacological characterization of intraplantar Complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced burrowing deficits.

• Gould SA1, Doods H1, Lamla T1, Pekcec A2.
• Behavioural brain research.Behav Brain Res.2016 Mar 15;301:142-51. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.12.019. Epub 2015 Dec 15.
• BACKGROUND: It has recently been suggested that non-reflex behavioral readouts, such as burrowing, may be used to evaluate the efficacy of analgesics in rodent models of pain.OBJECTIVE: To confirm whether intraplantar Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA)-induced pain reliably results in burrowing defici
• PMID 26704218

• Changes in the disposition of substance P in the rostral ventromedial medulla after inflammatory injury in the rat.

• Maduka UP1, Hamity MV2, Walder RY2, White SR2, Li Y3, Hammond DL4.
• Neuroscience.Neuroscience.2016 Mar 11;317:1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.12.054. Epub 2016 Jan 4.
• This study examined whether peripheral inflammatory injury increases the levels or changes the disposition of substance P (SubP) in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), which serves as a central relay in bulbospinal pathways of pain modulation. Enzyme immunoassay and reverse transcriptase quantit
• PMID 26762802

• Gut-associated lymphoid tissue, gut microbes and susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis.

• Stanisavljević S1, Lukić J2, Momčilović M1, Miljković M2, Jevtić B1, Kojić M2, Golić N2, Mostarica Stojković M3, Miljković D1.
• Beneficial microbes.Benef Microbes.2016 Feb 3:1-12. [Epub ahead of print]
• Gut microbiota and gut-associated lymphoid tissue have been increasingly appreciated as important players in pathogenesis of various autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis. Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is an animal model of multiple sclerosis that can be induced with an
• PMID 26839070

Japanese Journal

• 実験的自己免疫性神経炎ラットにおける末梢神経内ヒドロキシラジカルの産生 (東邦医学会雑誌)

• 井上 雅史,紺野 晋吾,萩原 渉 [他],藤岡 俊樹
• 東邦医学会雑誌 1(1), 2-10, 2015-03
• … ・OH）の変化とスカベンジャーによる消去効果を検討した．対象と方法: 5～7週齢のメスLewis ratをウシP2蛋白（aa53-78）由来の合成ペプチドで免疫しEANを誘発した．EAN群とコントロール群（complete Freund's adjuvant：CFA群）において，①運動障害の観察，②馬尾神経の組織学的検索，③組織内・OH産生を反映する2.3-dihydroxybenzoic acid（DHBA）の高速クロマトグラフィー電気化学検出器を用いたサリチル酸捕捉法 …
• NAID 120005614766

• Comparison of Anti-Nociceptive and Anti-Inflammatory/Analgesic Effects of Essential Oils in Experimental Animal Models

• CHIBA Naoki,AIUCHI Toshihiro,SUZUKI Tsutomu [他]
• 日本緩和医療薬学雑誌 7(3), 63-70, 2014-09
• NAID 40020223883

• Anti-inflammatory activities of light emitting diode irradiation on collagen-induced arthritis in mice (a secondary publication)

• Kuboyama Noboru,Ohta Mitsuhiro,Sato Yusuke,Abiko Yoshimitsu
• LASER THERAPY 23(3), 191-199, 2014
• … The present investigation was carried out to study the anti-inflammatory activities of light emitting diode (LED) irradiation on hind paw inflammation in collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mice models.Materials and method: RA in the CIA mouse model was induced by immunization of DBA/1J mice with intradermal injections of an emulsion of bovine type II collagen and complete Freund's adjuvant. …
• NAID 130004697089

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★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「フロイント・アジュバント」
拡張検索	「incomplete Freund adjuvant」「complete Freund adjuvant」
関連記事	「adjuvant」

「フロイント・アジュバント」

　　[★]

英

Freund adjuvant

同

フロイントの助剤

「incomplete Freund adjuvant」

　　[★] フロイント不完全アジュバント

「complete Freund adjuvant」

　　[★] フロイント完全アジュバント

「adjuvant」

　　[★]

• adj.

• 助けとなる、補助の

• n.

• 助けとなるもの/人。(塗料などの)補助剤。(医)補助的手段、補助薬、佐薬、アジュバント。(免疫)抗原性補強薬

関

(n.)adjunct 添加物、付属物