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1. Approach to hypoglycemia in infants and children
2. 非アルコール性脂肪性肝疾患の病因 pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

English Journal

Nutrient sensing in the gut: interactions between chemosensory cells, visceral afferents and the secretion of satiation peptides.

Steinert RE, Beglinger C.AbstractThe chemical environment of the intestinal lumen and the presence of nutrients in the gut result in the secretion of regulatory peptides and in the discharge of intestinal sensory afferent fibers. Since afferent nerve terminals do not directly extend into the intestinal lumen, their activation presumably depends on intermediary steps - post-absorptive mechanisms, i.e. direct neuronal activation by absorbed substances and pre-absorptive mechanisms, i.e. neuronal activation by a secondary substance released from the mucosal epithelium. Entero-endocrine cells (EEC) are able to 'taste' the luminal content and to function as chemosensory transducers to provide the interface between the intestinal lumen and the afferent nerve terminals. Their secretory products - mainly peptide hormones - are released upon stimulation by nutrients into the extracellular space of the lamina propria to either act 1) locally in a paracrine fashion to activate afferent terminals or other cells or 2) in an endocrine fashion via intestinal capillaries and the lymphatic system to bind to specific receptors at more distant targets. The chemosensory mechanisms by which EEC sense the intestinal lumen remain, however, poorly understood. Recent information suggest that taste signaling mechanisms known from the oral epithelium also operate in the mucosal epithelium. Several nutrient-responsive G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) have been identified in EEC including the sweet-taste responsive T1R2/T1R3 heterodimer or GPR120, responsive to free fatty acids (FFAs). This review provides a brief overview on gastrointestinal chemosensory mechanisms and their functional involvement in the secretion of satiation peptides with a focus on human studies albeit most evidence at present comes from in vitro or animal studies.
Physiology & behavior.Physiol Behav.2011 Nov 30;105(1):62-70. Epub 2011 Mar 2.
The chemical environment of the intestinal lumen and the presence of nutrients in the gut result in the secretion of regulatory peptides and in the discharge of intestinal sensory afferent fibers. Since afferent nerve terminals do not directly extend into the intestinal lumen, their activation presu
PMID 21376067

Free fatty acids induce endothelial dysfunction and activate protein kinase C and nuclear factor-κB pathway in rat aorta.

Li H, Li H, Bao Y, Zhang X, Yu Y.SourceDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, PR China.
International journal of cardiology.Int J Cardiol.2011 Oct 20;152(2):218-24. Epub 2010 Aug 9.
BACKGROUND: Insulin resistance is associated with an inappropriate elevation of plasma free fatty acids (FFAs) and endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we asked if elevated circulating FFA levels led to impaired insulin signaling and endothelial dysfunction in-vivo via activation of PKC-mediated
PMID 20692055

Japanese Journal

シンポジウム「統合医科学研究所(TIIMS)の紹介と今後の展望」(1)ゲノム研究にもとづく脂肪酸受容体の機能解析

平澤明/辻本豪三
東京女子医科大学雑誌 81(3), 190-197, 2011-06-25
… 遊離脂肪酸(FFAs)は栄養素として不可欠なだけでなく、多くの細胞機能の調節に関与している。 …
NAID 110008585263

遊離脂肪酸による下痢性貝毒マウス試験偽陽性の発生評価

橋本諭,西村一彦,高橋健一,板橋豊
食品衛生学雑誌 52(3), 194-198, 2011
多量の遊離脂肪酸は下痢性貝毒マウス毒性試験において偽陽性を起こす．脂質含量が多い試料として，配偶子形成期にあるホタテガイの肥大中腸腺の脂質加水分解脂肪酸量および遊離脂肪酸量について測定し，偽陽性の発生評価を行った．脂肪酸は 9-アンスリルジアゾメタンを用い蛍光ラベル化した後，蛍光検出高速液体クロマトグラフィーで測定した．肥大中腸腺は総脂質脂肪酸の47?49 wt％を比毒性の高い20 : 5が占め …
NAID 130000909927

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