関: erythromycin、erythromycin estolate、erythromycin ethylsuccinate、erythromycin lactobionate、erythromycin stearate、erythrosin、erythrosine

WordNet

an antibiotic (trade name Erythrocin or E-Mycin or Ethril or Ilosone or Pediamycin) obtained from the actinomycete Streptomyces erythreus; effective against many Gram-positive bacteria and some Gram-negative (同)Erythrocin, E-Mycin, Ethril, Ilosone, Pediamycin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2018/07/19 19:22:41」(JST)

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Erythrosine, also known as Red No. 3, is an organoiodine compound, specifically a derivative of fluorone. It is cherry-pink synthetic, primarily used for food coloring.^[2] It is the disodium salt of 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein. Its maximum absorbance is at 530 nm^[3] in an aqueous solution, and it is subject to photodegradation.

Uses

It is used as a:

food coloring^[4]
printing ink^[5]
biological stain^[6]
dental plaque disclosing agent^[7]
radiopaque medium^[6]
sensitizer for orthochromatic photographic films

Erythrosine is commonly used in sweets such as some candies and popsicles, and even more widely used in cake-decorating gels. It is also used to color pistachio shells.^[8]^[9] As a food additive, it has the E number E127.

Health effects of Erythrosine

As a result of efforts begun in the 1970s, in 1990 the U.S. FDA had instituted a partial ban on erythrosine, citing research that high doses have been found to cause cancer in rats.^[10] In June 2008, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) petitioned the FDA for a complete ban on erythrosine in the United States.^[11]

A series of toxicology tests combined with a review of other reported studies concluded that erythrosine is non-genotoxic and the above-mentioned increase in tumors is caused by a non-genotoxic mechanism.^[12]

A 1990 study concluded that "chronic erythrosine ingestion may promote thyroid tumor formation in rats via chronic stimulation of the thyroid by TSH." with 4 % of total daily dietary intake consisting of Erythrosine B ^[13]

Regulation and prevalence

While commonly used in many countries of the world, erythrosine is less commonly used in the United States (the second least used after Fast Green FCF) because Allura Red AC (Red #40) is generally used instead. However, Allura Red AC is banned in many European countries because it is an azo dye.^[14] Erythrosine can be used in colored food and ingested drugs in the USA without any restriction, however, its use is banned in cosmetics and external drugs.^[15] The lake variant is also banned from use in the United States.

Synonyms

Erythrosine B; Erythrosin B; Acid Red 51; C.I. 45430; FD & C Red No.3; E127; 2',4',5',7'-Tetraiodo-3',6'-dihydroxy-spiro[3H-isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one disodium salt; Tetraiodofluorescein Sodium Salt; Calcoid Erythrosine N; 2,4,5,7-Tetraiodo-3,6-dihydroxyxanthene-9-spiro-1'-3H-isobenzofuran-3'-one disodium salt; 2',4',5',7'-Tetraiodofluorescein, disodium salt; C.I.Food Red 14; Aizen Erythrosine; Tetraiodifluorescein, disodium salt; Spiro[isobenzofuran- 1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one, 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-, disodium salt.^[16]^[17]

Classification

It is listed under the following number systems:

FD&C Red No. 3
E number E127 (Food Red 14)
Color Index no. 45430 (Acid Red 51)
Indian Standards No. 1697

References

^ http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_US_CB0393696.aspx
^ Phyllis A. Lyday "Iodine and Iodine Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
^ Food Color Additives
^ "Genotoxic and mutagenic effects of erythrosine B, a xanthene food dye, on HepG2 cells". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 50 (10): 3447–3451. October 2012. doi:10.1016/j.fct.2012.07.042 – via science direct.
^ Gurr, Edward (2012). Synthetic Dyes in Biology, Medicine And Chemistry. elsevier. pp. 197, 198.
^ ^a ^b Dictionary of Analytical Reagents. Crc Press. 1993. p. 474.
^ "Erythrosine is a potential photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy of oral plaque biofilms". Journal of Antimicrobal Chemotherapy. 57 (4). January 16, 2006.
^ Food Product Design Article
^ Blue Diamond Ultra Premium Blend Mixed Nuts, distributed by Diamond Foods, Inc. Stockton, CA
^ FDA: Red Dye's Reluctant Regulator; Partial Ban Points to Limitations of 30-Year-Old Delaney Clause, The Washington Post, February 7, 1990^{[dead link]}
^ FDA Urged To Ban Some Food Dyes, CBS News, June 3, 2008
^ Lin, George H. Y.; Brusick, David J. (1986). "Mutagenicity studies on FD&C Red No.3". Mutagenesis. 1 (4): 253–259. doi:10.1093/mutage/1.4.253. PMID 2457780.
^ Jennings, A. S.; Schwartz S. L.; Balter N. J.; Gardner D; Witorsch R. J. (May 1990). "Effects of oral erythrosine (2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology. 103 (3): 549–56. doi:10.1016/0041-008x(90)90327-q. PMID 2160137.
^ European Ban on Certain Azo Dyes Archived August 13, 2012, at the Wayback Machine.
^ "Color Additive Status List". Food & Drug Administration. December 2015. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
^ Erythrosin B, University of South Carolina
^ Erythrosine, chemicalland21.com

External links

Bureau of Indian Standards: List of Indian Standards under mandatory certification
Some more details, other common names

English Journal

Effects of two copper compounds on Microcystis aeruginosa cell density, membrane integrity, and microcystin release.

Tsai KP1.
Ecotoxicology and environmental safety.Ecotoxicol Environ Saf.2015 Oct;120:428-35. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.024. Epub 2015 Jul 1.
Microcystin release following Microcystis aeruginosa cell lysis after copper-based algaecide treatment is often cited as a concern leading to restricted use of algaecide in restoration of natural water resources. To examine this concern, bench-scale experiments were conducted to study responses of M
PMID 26141781

A study of the control of oral plaque biofilms via antibacterial photodynamic therapy.

Tahmassebi JF1, Drogkari E2, Wood SR3.
European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry.Eur Arch Paediatr Dent.2015 Sep 18. [Epub ahead of print]
AIM: The aim of this study was to provide preliminary data on the most effective erythrosine concentration and light dose for the erythrosine-based photodynamic therapy (PDT) of oral plaque biofilms formed in vivo.METHOD: A randomised controlled study with 15 volunteers was carried out to investigat
PMID 26385341

Discovery of small molecule inhibitors of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity by high-throughput screening.

Chormova D1, Franková L1, Defries A2, Cutler SR2, Fry SC3.
Phytochemistry.Phytochemistry.2015 Sep;117:220-36. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.06.016. Epub 2015 Jun 19.
Small molecules (xenobiotics) that inhibit cell-wall-localised enzymes are valuable for elucidating the enzymes' biological roles. We applied a high-throughput fluorescent dot-blot screen to search for inhibitors of Petroselinum xyloglucan endotransglucosylase (XET) activity in vitro. Of 4216 xenobi
PMID 26093490

Japanese Journal

尿蛋白測定試薬シグナスオートU-TPの高感度技術 (特集検査技術の新たな展望(3))

生物試料分析 = Journal of analytical bio-science 37(4), 255-263, 2014
NAID 40020218676

エリスロシンBを用いる尿中タンパク質の連続自動分析と簡易目視テスト

ぶんせき (457), 35-40, 2013-01-05
NAID 10031147355

創案と開発エリスロシンBを用いる尿中タンパク質の連続自動分析と簡易目視テスト

ぶんせき 2013(1), 35-40, 2013-01
NAID 40019571068

Related Pictures

Erythrosin B, pure, certified, ACROS Organics™ | Fisher Scientific Erythrosin B from Cole-Parmer Erythrosin B 25g Erythrosin B (PDF) Physical-Chemical Evaluation of Erythrosine in Photodynamic Therapy Erythrosin B spirit soluble 95 5g CAS 15905 32 5 from Cole-Parmer Erythrosin B, &93% by uv-vis, MP Biomedicals™ 25g Erythrosin B, &93% by uv-vis, MP TLF Blog Erythrosine - CAMEO

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「erythromycin lactobionate」「erythromycin stearate」「エリスロシン」「erythrosine」
関連記事	「erythrosin」

「erythromycin lactobionate」

Erythrosine
Names
	IUPAC name 2-(6-Hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxo-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Number	16423-68-0 ;
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1332616 ;
ChemSpider	3144 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.036.390
E number	E127 (colours)
PubChem CID	3259;
UNII	8TL7LH93FM ;
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H8I4O5/c21-11-5-9-17(13(23)15(11)25)28-18-10(6-12(22)16(26)14(18)24)20(9)8-4-2-1-3-7(8)19(27)29-20/h1-6,25-26H Key: OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C20H8I4O5/c21-11-5-9-17(13(23)15(11)25)28-18-10(6-12(22)16(26)14(18)24)20(9)8-4-2-1-3-7(8)19(27)29-20/h1-6,25-26H Key: OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYAB;
	SMILES Ic5cc4c(Oc1c(cc(I)c(O)c1I)C43OC(=O)c2ccccc23)c(I)c5O;
Properties
Chemical formula	C20H6I4Na2O5
Molar mass	879.86 g/mol
Melting point	142 to 144 °C (288 to 291 °F; 415 to 417 K)
Hazards
NFPA 704	1 2 0
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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	Infobox references