関: erythrosin、Erythrosin

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/05/20 03:10:30」(JST)

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Erythrosine, also known as Red No. 3, is an organoiodine compound, specifically a derivative of fluorone. It is cherry-pink synthetic, primarily used for food coloring.^[2] It is the disodium salt of 2,4,5,7-tetraiodofluorescein. Its maximum absorbance is at 530 nm^[3] in an aqueous solution, and it is subject to photodegradation.^{[citation needed]}

Uses

It is used as a:

food coloring
printing inks
biological stain
dental plaque disclosing agent
radiopaque medium
sensitizer for orthochromatic photographic films

Erythrosine is commonly used in sweets such as some candies and popsicles, and even more widely used in cake-decorating gels. It is also used to color pistachio shells.^[4]^[5] As a food additive, it has the E number E127.

Health effects

As a result of efforts begun in the 1970s, in 1990 the U.S. FDA had instituted a partial ban on erythrosine, citing research that high doses have been found to cause cancer in rats.^[6] In June 2008, the Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI) petitioned the FDA for a complete ban on erythrosine in the United States.^[7]

A series of toxicology tests combined with a review of other reported studies concluded that erythrosine is non-genotoxic and the above-mentioned increase in tumors is caused by a non-genotoxic mechanism.^[8]

A 1990 study concluded that "chronic erythrosine ingestion may promote thyroid tumor formation in rats via chronic stimulation of the thyroid by TSH." ^[9]

Regulation and prevalence

While commonly used in many countries of the world, erythrosine is less commonly used in the United States (the second least used after Fast Green FCF) because Allura Red AC (Red #40) is generally used instead. However, Allura Red AC is banned in many European countries because it is an azo dye.^[10] Erythrosine can be used in colored food in USA without any restriction.^[11]

Synonyms

Erythrosine B; Erythrosin B; Acid Red 51; C.I. 45430; FD & C Red No.3; E127; 2',4',5',7'-Tetraiodo-3',6'-dihydroxy-spiro[3H-isobenzofuran-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one disodium salt; Tetraiodofluorescein Sodium Salt; Calcoid Erythrosine N; 2,4,5,7-Tetraiodo-3,6-dihydroxyxanthene-9-spiro-1'-3H-isobenzofuran-3'-one disodium salt; 2',4',5',7'-Tetraiodofluorescein, disodium salt; C.I.Food Red 14; Aizen Erythrosine; Tetraiodifluorescein, disodium salt; Spiro[isobenzofuran- 1(3H),9'-[9H]xanthen]-3-one, 3',6'-dihydroxy-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodo-, disodium salt.^[12]^[13]

Classification

It is listed under the following number systems:

FD&C Red No. 3
E number E127 (Food Red 14)
Color Index no. 45430 (Acid Red 51)
Indian Standards No. 1697

References

^ http://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_US_CB0393696.aspx
^ Phyllis A. Lyday "Iodine and Iodine Compounds" in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2005, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim
^ Food Color Additives
^ Food Product Design Article
^ Blue Diamond Ultra Premium Blend Mixed Nuts, distributed by Diamond Foods, Inc. Stockton, CA
^ FDA: Red Dye's Reluctant Regulator; Partial Ban Points to Limitations of 30-Year-Old Delaney Clause, The Washington Post, February 7, 1990
^ FDA Urged To Ban Some Food Dyes, CBS News, June 3, 2008
^ Lin, George H. Y.; Brusick, David J. (1986). "Mutagenicity studies on FD&C Red No.3". Mutagenesis 1 (4): 253–259. doi:10.1093/mutage/1.4.253. PMID 2457780.
^ Jennings, A. S.; Schwartz S. L.; Balter N. J.; Gardner D; Witorsch R. J. (May 1990). "Effects of oral erythrosine (2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) on the pituitary-thyroid axis in rats.". Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 103 (3): 549–56. PMID 2160137. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
^ European Ban on Certain Azo Dyes
^ CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21, Sec. 74.303 FD+C Red No. 3.
^ Erythrosin B, University of South Carolina
^ Erythrosine, chemicalland21.com

External links

Bureau of Indian Standards: List of Indian Standards under mandatory certification
Some more details, other common names

English Journal

The photodynamic therapy on Streptococcus mutans biofilms using erythrosine and dental halogen curing unit.

Lee YH, Park HW, Lee JH, Seo HW, Lee SY.SourceDepartment of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School, College of Dentistry, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Korea.
International journal of oral science.Int J Oral Sci.2012 Dec 7;4:0. doi: 10.1038/ijos.2012.63. [Epub ahead of print]
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT), using erythrosine as a photosensitizing agent and a dental halogen curing unit as a light source, on Streptococcus mutans in a biofilm phase. The S. mutans biofilms were formed in a 24-well cell culture cluster. Test
PMID 23222991

Different Fates of Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid-β Fibrils Remodeled by Biocompatible Small Molecules.

Irwin JA, Wong HE, Kwon I.SourceDepartment of Chemical Engineering and 2Institutes on Aging, University of Virginia , Charlottesville, Virginia 22904-4741, United States.
Biomacromolecules.Biomacromolecules.2012 Dec 3. [Epub ahead of print]
Amyloid fibrils implicated in numerous human diseases are thermodynamically very stable. Stringent conditions that would not be possible in a physiological environment are often required to disrupt the stable fibrils. Recently, there is increasing evidence that small molecules can remodel amyloid fi
PMID 23157384

Japanese Journal

Fabrication and characterization of mixture type dye-sensitized solar cells with organic dyes

KAKUTA Nariaki,OKU Takeo,SUZUKI Atsushi,KIKUCHI Kenji,KIKUCHI Shiomi
Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 117(1369), 964-966, 2009-09-01
… Dye-sensitized solar cells with organic dyes such as xylenol orange, rose bengal and erythrosine B were fabricated and characterized. …
NAID 10025969161

Root tip-dependent, active riboflavin secretion by Hyoscyamus albus hairy roots under iron deficiency

Higa Ataru,Miyamoto Erika,Rahman Laiq ur,Kitamura Yoshie
Plant Physiology and Biochemistry 46(4), 452-460, 2008-04-04
… Additions of proton-pump inhibitors, N,N’-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD) at 100 and 10 μM and erythrosine B at 100 μM, suppressed the pH decline at 100 and 10 μM accompanied by inhibition of riboflavin secretion and root growth; … at 10 μM of erythrosine B, pH decline occurred with a moderate delay, but both growth and riboflavin efflux were inhibited. …
NAID 120000916834

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リンク元	「Erythrosin」「エリスロシン」
関連記事	「erythrosin」

「Erythrosin」

Erythrosine
Names
	IUPAC name 2-(6-Hydroxy-2,4,5,7-tetraiodo-3-oxo-xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid
Identifiers
CAS Registry Number	16423-68-0
ChEMBL	ChEMBL1332616
ChemSpider	3144
	InChI InChI=1S/C20H8I4O5/c21-11-5-9-17(13(23)15(11)25)28-18-10(6-12(22)16(26)14(18)24)20(9)8-4-2-1-3-7(8)19(27)29-20/h1-6,25-26H ; Key: OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ; InChI=1/C20H8I4O5/c21-11-5-9-17(13(23)15(11)25)28-18-10(6-12(22)16(26)14(18)24)20(9)8-4-2-1-3-7(8)19(27)29-20/h1-6,25-26H; Key: OALHHIHQOFIMEF-UHFFFAOYAB ;
Jmol-3D images	Image
PubChem	3259
	SMILES Ic5cc4c(Oc1c(cc(I)c(O)c1I)C43OC(=O)c2ccccc23)c(I)c5O ;
UNII	PN2ZH5LOQY
Properties
Chemical formula	C20H6I4Na2O5
Molar mass	879.86 g/mol
Melting point	142 to 144 °C (288 to 291 °F; 415 to 417 K)
Hazards
NFPA 704	1 2 0
	Except where noted otherwise, data is given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
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	Infobox references