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German bacteriologist who found a `magic bullet to cure syphilis and was a pioneer in the study of immunology (1854-1915) (同)Paul_Ehrlich

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/07/17 02:39:24」(JST)

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Ehrlichia is a genus of rickettsiales bacteria. They are transmitted by ticks. Several species can cause infection (Ehrlichiosis) in humans. The genus is named after German microbiologist Paul Ehrlich. These diseases are considered zoonotic as the main reservoir for the pathogen is in animal, usually mammal species.

Ehrlichia are obligately intracellular pathogens and are transported between cells through the host cell filopodia during initial stages of infection, whereas, in the final stages of infection the pathogen ruptures the host cell membrane.^[2]

A new species of Ehrlichia has been discovered inside the deer tick Ixodes scapularis. This newly found organism has only been isolated from deer ticks in Wisconsin and Minnesota in the USA. The species is known as Ehrlichia Wisconsin HM543746.

History

The first ehrlichial disease was first recognized in South Africa during the 19th century. Its tick-borne nature was determined in 1900. The organism itself was demonstrated 1925 when it was recognized to be a rickettsia. It was initially named Rickettsia ruminantium, and is currently named Ehrlichia ruminantium. In 1945 a "infection and treatment" method for livestock was developed. This is still the only commercially available "vaccine" against the disease, which is not a true vaccine, but intentional exposure to the disease with monitoring and antibiotic treatment if needed. In 1985 the organism was first propagated reliably in tissue culture.

References

^ Garrity, George (2005). Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology. Springer. ISBN 0-387-24145-0.
^ Thomas S, Popov VL, Walker DH (2010) Exit Mechanisms of the Intracellular Bacterium Ehrlichia. PLoS ONE 5(12): e15775. http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0015775

External links

Ehrlichia genomes and related information at PATRIC, a Bioinformatics Resource Center funded by NIAID
Ehrlichia at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Forum discution and clinical presentation (RO) Clinical experiences about ehrlichia and coinfections at dogs in Romania
[1] Newly discovered species of Ehrlichia found in deer ticks

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UpToDate Contents

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1. ヒトエーリキア症およびアナプラズマ症 human ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis
2. エーリキアの生物学 biology of ehrlichiae
3. 小児および思春期における急性ウイルス性脳炎：治療および予防 acute viral encephalitis in children and adolescents treatment and prevention
4. 犬からの人畜共通感染症 zoonoses from dogs
5. 猫からの人畜共通感染症 zoonoses from cats

English Journal

Penicillin-Binding Protein of Ehrlichia chaffeensis: Cytokine Induction Through MyD88-Dependent Pathway.

Rahman MA, Cheng Z, Matsuo J, Rikihisa Y.SourceDepartment of Veterinary Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
The Journal of infectious diseases.J Infect Dis.2012 Jul;206(1):110-6. Epub 2012 Apr 26.
Background. Human monocytic ehrlichiosis is one of the most prevalent tick-borne zoonoses caused by infection with Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Although E. chaffeensis lacks entire lipopolysaccharide and most peptidoglycan biosynthesis genes, it induces inflammatory cytokines and chemokines. Ehrlichia c
PMID 22539814

The occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophium in dogs in China.

Xia Z, Yu D, Mao J, Zhang Z, Yu J.SourceInternal Medicine Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Journal of helminthology.J Helminthol.2012 Jun;86(2):185-9. Epub 2011 May 11.
A survey of the occurrence of Dirofilaria immitis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Ehrlichia canis and Anaplasma phagocytophium in dogs was undertaken in the People's Republic of China between October 2008 and October 2009. A total of 600 blood samples were taken from dogs in four cities in China: 300 in Beij
PMID 21729390

Japanese Journal

A novel approach, based on BLSOMs (Batch Learning Self-Organizing Maps), to the microbiome analysis of ticks

Nakao Ryo,Abe Takashi,Nijhof Ard M,Yamamoto Seigo,Jongejan Frans,Ikemura Toshimichi,Sugimoto Chihiro
The ISME Journal 7(5), 1003-1015, 2013-03
… In addition to bacteria previously associated with human/animal diseases, such as Anaplasma, Bartonella, Borrelia, Ehrlichia, Francisella and Rickettsia, BLSOM analysis detected microorganisms belonging to the phylum Chlamydiae in some tick species. …
NAID 120005323598

Development of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis for rapid genotyping of Ehrlichia ruminantium and its application to infected Amblyomma variegatum collected in heartwater endemic areas in Uganda

Nakao Ryo,Morrison Liam J.,Zhou Lijia,Magona Joseph W.,Jongejan Frans,Sugimoto Chihiro
Parasitology 139(1), 69-82, 2012-01
… The rickettsial bacterium Ehrlichia ruminantium is the causative agent of heartwater, a serious tick-borne disease in ruminants. …
NAID 120003837251

Ehrlichia canis Infection in Two Dogs that Emigrated from Endemic Areas

BABA Kenji,ITAMOTO Kazuhito,AMIMOTO Akiteru [他],KITAGAWA Kozue,HIRAOKA Hiroko,MIZUNO Takuya,SATO Hiroshi,OKUDA Masaru
Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 74(6), 775-778, 2012
… Two dogs, emigrated from Zambia and China to Japan, were diagnosed with Ehrlichia canis infection. …
NAID 130002090067

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「エーリキア属」「Cowdria」「Ehrlichial」
拡張検索	「Ehrlichia canis」「Ehrlichia ruminantium」「Ehrlichia sennetsu」「Ehrlichia chaffeensis」

「エーリキア属」

Anaplasmataceae
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Bacteria
Phylum:	Proteobacteria
Class:	Alphaproteobacteria
Order:	Rickettsiales
Family:	Anaplasmataceae
Genus:	Ehrlichia
Species:	Ehrlichia canis; Ehrlichia chaffeensis; Ehrlichia ewingii

　　[★]

ラ: Ehrlichia
同: エーリキア菌、エーリキア、コウドリア属、Ehrlichia属、エールリッヒア属、エールリッヒア、エールリッヒア菌、エールリヒア、エールリヒア属

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エールリッヒア : 約 3,340 件
エールリヒア : 約 2,880 件
エーリキア : 約 5,690 件

エールリッヒア属 : 約 23,800 件
エールリヒア属 : 95 件
エーリキア属 : 89 件

エールリッヒア Ehrlichia : 約 1,340 件
エールリヒア Ehrlichia : 約 1,340 件
エーリキア Ehrlichia : 約 1,990 件
 
エールリッヒア属 Ehrlichia : 49 件
エールリヒア属 Ehrlichia : 78 件
エーリキア属 Ehrlichia : 66 件