関: D. simulans

WordNet

small fruit fly used by Thomas Hunt Morgan in studying basic mechanisms of inheritance (同)Drosophila_melanogaster

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/04/17 18:58:07」(JST)

wiki en

Drosophila simulans is a species of fly closely related to D. melanogaster and which belongs to the same melanogaster species subgroup. Its closest relatives are D. mauritiana and D. sechellia. This species was discovered by the fly geneticist Alfred Sturtevant in 1919, when he noticed that the flies used in Thomas Hunt Morgan's laboratory at the Columbia University were actually two distinct species: D. melanogaster and D. simulans. Males differ in the external genitalia, while trained observers can separate females using colour characteristics. D. melanogaster females crossed to D. simulans males produce sterile F1 females and no F1 males. The reciprocal cross produces sterile F1 males and no female progeny.

D. simulans was found later to be closely related to two island endemics, Drosophila sechellia and Drosophila mauritiana. D. simulans will mate with these sister species to form fertile females and sterile males, a fact that has made D. simulans an important model organism for research into speciation.

Studies have obtained evidences that paternal leakage is an a integral part of the inheritance of this species.^[1]

References

^ J N Wolff, M Nafisinia, P Sutovsky, J W O Ballard (September 2012). "Paternal transmission of mitochondrial DNA as an integral part of mitochondrial inheritance in metapopulations of Drosophila simulans". Heredity 110 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1038/hdy.2012.60. PMID 23010820.

Sturtevant, A.H. 1919. A new species closely resembling Drosophila melanogaster. Psyche 26: 153–155.
Sturtevant, A.H. The North American Species of Drosophila. Carnegie Institute of Washington, 1921.

External links

Drosophila simulans at the Washington University in St. Louis Genome Sequencing Center

This article related to members of the insect family Drosophilidae is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 遺伝学およびゲノミクスのためのツール：モデルシステム tools for genetics and genomics model systems
2. コアグラーゼ陰性ブドウ球菌の疫学、微生物学、および病因 epidemiology microbiology and pathogenesis of coagulase negative staphylococci
3. 顔面裂および全前脳胞症 facial clefts and holoprosencephaly
4. 微細重複症候群 microduplication syndromes
5. 急性骨髄性白血病の分子遺伝学 molecular genetics of acute myeloid leukemia

English Journal

Ancestral Resurrection of the Drosophila S2E Enhancer Reveals Accessible Evolutionary Paths through Compensatory Change.

Martinez C1, Rest JS, Kim AR, Ludwig M, Kreitman M, White K, Reinitz J.Author information 1Institute for Genomics and Systems Biology, University of Chicago.AbstractUpstream regulatory sequences that control gene expression evolve rapidly, yet the expression patterns and functions of most genes are typically conserved. To address this paradox, we have reconstructed computationally and resurrected in vivo the cis-regulatory regions of the ancestral Drosophila eve stripe 2 element and evaluated its evolution using a mathematical model of promoter function. Our feed-forward transcriptional model predicts gene expression patterns directly from enhancer sequence. We used this functional model along with phylogenetics to generate a set of possible ancestral eve stripe 2 sequences for the common ancestors of 1) D. simulans and D. sechellia; 2) D. melanogaster, D. simulans, and D. sechellia; and 3) D. erecta and D. yakuba. These ancestral sequences were synthesized and resurrected in vivo. Using a combination of quantitative and computational analysis, we find clear support for functional compensation between the binding sites for Bicoid, Giant, and Krüppel over the course of 40-60 My of Drosophila evolution. We show that this compensation is driven by a coupling interaction between Bicoid activation and repression at the anterior and posterior border necessary for proper placement of the anterior stripe 2 border. A multiplicity of mechanisms for binding site turnover exemplified by Bicoid, Giant, and Krüppel sites, explains how rapid sequence change may occur while maintaining the function of the cis-regulatory element.
Molecular biology and evolution.Mol Biol Evol.2014 Apr;31(4):903-16. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu042. Epub 2014 Jan 9.
Upstream regulatory sequences that control gene expression evolve rapidly, yet the expression patterns and functions of most genes are typically conserved. To address this paradox, we have reconstructed computationally and resurrected in vivo the cis-regulatory regions of the ancestral Drosophila ev
PMID 24408913

Rapamycin increases mitochondrial efficiency by mtDNA-dependent reprogramming of mitochondrial metabolism in Drosophila.

Villa-Cuesta E, Holmbeck MA, Rand DM.AbstractDown-regulation of the mTOR pathway by its inhibitor rapamycin is emerging as a potential pharmacological intervention that mimics the beneficial effects of dietary restriction. Modulation of mTOR has diverse effects on mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, but the role of mitochondrial genotype in mediating these effects remains unknown. Here we use novel mitochondrial genome replacement strains in Drosophila to test the hypothesis that genes encoded in mtDNA influence the mTOR pathway. We show that rapamycin increases mitochondrial respiration and succinate dehydrogenase activity, decreases H2O2 production and generates distinct shifts in the metabolite profiles of isolated mitochondria versus whole Drosophila. These effects are disabled when divergent mitochondrial genomes from D. simulans are placed into a common nuclear background, demonstrating that the benefits of rapamycin to mitochondrial metabolism depend on genes encoded in the mtDNA. Rapamycin is able to enhance mitochondrial respiration when succinate dehydrogenase activity is blocked, suggesting that the beneficial effects of rapamycin on these two processes are independent. Overall, this study provides the first evidence for a link between mitochondrial genotype and the effects of rapamycin on mitochondrial metabolic pathways.
Journal of cell science.J Cell Sci.2014 Mar 7. [Epub ahead of print]
Down-regulation of the mTOR pathway by its inhibitor rapamycin is emerging as a potential pharmacological intervention that mimics the beneficial effects of dietary restriction. Modulation of mTOR has diverse effects on mitochondrial metabolism and biogenesis, but the role of mitochondrial genotype
PMID 24610944

Genomic regions harboring insecticide resistance-associated Cyp genes are enriched by transposable element fragments carrying putative transcription factor binding sites in two sibling Drosophila species.

Carareto CM1, Hernandez EH2, Vieira C3.Author information 1UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, 15054-1000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil. Electronic address: carareto@ibilce.unesp.br.2UNESP-Univ. Estadual Paulista, Departamento de Biologia, Laboratório de Evolução Molecular, 15054-1000 São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.3Université de Lyon, F-69000, Lyon, Université Lyon 1, CNRS, UMR5558, Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive, F-69622, Villeurbanne, France; Institut Universitaire de France, France.AbstractIn the present study, an in silico analysis was performed to identify transposable element (TE) fragments inserted in Cyps with functions associated with resistance to insecticides and developmental regulation as well as in neighboring genes in two sibling species, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. The Cyps associated with insecticide resistance and their neighboring non-Cyp genes have accumulated a greater number of TE fragments than the other Cyps or a random sample of genes, predominantly in the 5'-flanking regions. Most of the insertions were due to DNA transposons, with DNAREP1 fragments being the most common. These fragments carry putative binding sites for transcription factors, which reinforces the hypothesis that DNAREP1 may influence gene regulation and play a role in the adaptation of the Drosophila species.
Gene.Gene.2014 Mar 1;537(1):93-9. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2013.11.080. Epub 2013 Dec 19.
In the present study, an in silico analysis was performed to identify transposable element (TE) fragments inserted in Cyps with functions associated with resistance to insecticides and developmental regulation as well as in neighboring genes in two sibling species, Drosophila melanogaster and Drosop
PMID 24361809

Japanese Journal

鶴崎ら (2010) の論文｢移入種オナジショウジョウバエの鳥取県からの確認付録 : 鳥取県産ショウジョウバエ｣への訂正

鶴崎展巨
山陰自然史研究 8, 54-54, 2012-12-00
NAID 120005263023

Genetic dissection of Nucleoporin 160 (Nup160), a gene involved in multiple phenotypes of reproductive isolation in Drosophila

Maehara Kazunori,Murata Takayuki,Aoyama Naoki [他],MATSUNO Kenji,SAWAMURA Kyoichi
Genes & genetic systems 87(2), 99-106, 2012-04-25
… Previous reports have suggested that the Nucleoporin 160 (Nup160) gene of Drosophila simulans (Nup160sim) causes the hybrid inviability, female sterility, and morphological anomalies that are observed in crosses with D. …
NAID 10030616563

「D. simulans」

Drosophila simulans
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Diptera
Genus:	Drosophila
Subgenus:	Sophophora
Species group:	melanogaster group
Species subgroup:	melanogaster subgroup
Species complex:	simulans complex
Species:	D. simulans
Binomial name
	Drosophila simulans; Sturtevant, 1919