ドーパ脱炭酸酵素、ドパ脱炭酸酵素、DOPA脱炭酸酵素、DOPAデカルボキシラーゼ

WordNet

amino acid that is formed in the liver and converted into dopamine in the brain (同)dihydroxyphenylalanine
any of the enzymes that hydrolize the carboxyl group

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/08/17 19:44:14」(JST)

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Aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.28, synonyms: DOPA decarboxylase, tryptophan decarboxylase, 5-hydroxytryptophan decarboxylase, AAAD,^[2] AADC) is a lyase enzyme.

Reactions

It catalyzes several different decarboxylation reactions:^[3]

L-DOPA to dopamine - a neurotransmitter
5-HTP to serotonin (5-HT) - a neurotransmitter
L-histidine to histamine - a neurotransmitter
phenylalanine to phenethylamine - trace amine neurotransmitter
L-tyrosine to tyramine - trace amine neurotransmitter
tryptophan to tryptamine - trace amine neurotransmitter

The enzyme uses pyridoxal phosphate, the active form of vitamin B6, as a cofactor.

Human biosynthesis pathway for trace amines and catecholamines^[4]^[5]

L-Phenylalanine

L-Tyrosine

L-Dopa

Epinephrine

Phenethylamine

p-Tyramine

Dopamine

Norepinephrine

N-Methylphenethylamine

N-Methyltyramine

p-Octopamine

Synephrine

3-Methoxytyramine

AADC

PNMT

AAAH

COMT

DBH

In humans, catecholamines and phenethylaminergic trace amines are derived from the amino acid phenylalanine.

Human serotonin biosynthesis pathway

As a rate-limiting step

In normal dopamine and serotonin (5-HT) neurotransmitter synthesis, AAAD is not the rate-limiting step in either reaction. However, AAAD becomes the rate-limiting step of dopamine synthesis in patients treated with L-DOPA (such as in Parkinson's Disease), and the rate-limiting step of serotonin synthesis in people treated with 5-HTP (such as in mild depression or dysthymia). AAAD is inhibited by Carbidopa outside of the blood brain barrier to inhibit the premature conversion of L-DOPA to Dopamine in the treatment of Parkinson's.

In humans, AAAD is also the rate-limiting enzyme in the formation of trace amine neurotransmitters.

Genetics

The gene encoding the enzyme is referred to as DDC and located on chromosome 7 in humans.^[6] Single nucleotide polymorphisms and other gene variations have been investigated in relation to neuropsychiatric disorders, e.g., a one-base pair deletion at –601 and a four-base pair deletion at 722–725 in exon 1 in relation to bipolar disorder^[7] and autism. No direct correlation between gene variation and autism was found.^[8]

References

^ PDB: 1JS3 ; Burkhard P, Dominici P, Borri-Voltattorni C, Jansonius JN, Malashkevich VN (November 2001). "Structural insight into Parkinson's disease treatment from drug-inhibited DOPA decarboxylase". Nat. Struct. Biol. 8 (11): 963–7. doi:10.1038/nsb1101-963. PMID 11685243.
^ Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.
^ "AADC". Human Metabolome database. Retrieved 17 February 2015.
^ Broadley KJ (March 2010). "The vascular effects of trace amines and amphetamines". Pharmacol. Ther. 125 (3): 363–375. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.005. PMID 19948186.
^ Lindemann L, Hoener MC (May 2005). "A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26 (5): 274–281. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007. PMID 15860375.
^ Lisa J. Scherer, John D. McPherson, John J. Wasmuth and J. Lawrence Marsh (June 1992). "Human dopa decarboxylase: Localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs". Genomics 13 (2): 469–471. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90275-W. PMID 1612608.
^ A. D. Borglum, T. G. Bruun, T. E. Kjeldsen, H. Ewald, O. Mors, G. Kirov, C. Russ, B. Freeman, D. A. Collier & T. A. Kruse (November 1999). "Two novel variants in the DOPA decarboxylase gene: association with bipolar affective disorder". Molecular Psychiatry 4 (6): 545–541. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000559. PMID 10578236.
^ Marlene B. Lauritsen, Anders D. Borglum, Catalina Betancur, Anne Philippe, Torben A. Kruse, Marion Leboyer & Henrik Ewald (May 2002). "Investigation of two variants in the DOPA decarboxylase gene in patients with autism". American Journal of Medical Genetics 114 (4): 466–460. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10379. PMID 11992572.

External links

Aromatic-L-Amino-Acid Decarboxylases at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)

UpToDate Contents

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1. パーキンソン病に対する神経保護療法 neuroprotective therapy for parkinson disease
2. ドーパミンの腎臓作用 renal actions of dopamine
3. カルチノイド症候群および腫瘍局在の診断 diagnosis of the carcinoid syndrome and tumor localization
4. 気管支神経内分泌（カルチノイド）腫瘍：疫学、危険因子、分類、組織学的検査、診断、および病期分類 bronchial neuroendocrine carcinoid tumors epidemiology risk factors classification histology diagnosis and staging
5. Metastatic well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: Presentation, prognosis, imaging, and biochemical monitoring

English Journal

Genetic and chemical components analysis of Papaver setigerum naturalized in Korea.

Choe S, Lee E, Jin GN, Lee YH, Kim SY, Choi H, Chung H, Hwang BY, Kim S.SourceNarcotics Analysis Division, National Forensic Service, Seoul, Republic of Korea; College of Pharmacy, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Republic of Korea.
Forensic science international.Forensic Sci Int.2012 Aug 23. [Epub ahead of print]
Of the 110 species of genus Papaver, only Papaver somniferum and P. setigerum are controlled poppies in Korea. All poppy samples share similar morphology therefore it is important to check if they contain controlled substances such as morphine and codeine for forensic purpose. Since the alkaloid con
PMID 22921420

Vesicular Uptake Blockade Generates the Toxic Dopamine Metabolite 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde in PC12 Cells: Relevance to the Pathogenesis of Parkinson Disease.

Goldstein DS, Sullivan P, Cooney A, Jinsmaa Y, Sullivan R, Gross DJ, Holmes C, Kopin IJ, Sharabi Y.SourceClinical Neurocardiology Section, CNP/DIR/NINDS/NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892-1620.
Journal of neurochemistry.J Neurochem.2012 Aug 21. doi: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07924.x. [Epub ahead of print]
Parkinson disease entails profound loss of nigrostriatal dopaminergic terminals, decreased vesicular uptake of intra-neuronal catecholamines, and relatively increased putamen tissue concentrations of the toxic dopamine metabolite, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (DOPAL). The objective of this study
PMID 22906103

Japanese Journal

パーキンソン病に対する遺伝子治療(<特集>最新のニューロモデュレーション)

藤本健一
脳神経外科ジャーナル 20(2), 87-92, 2011-02-20
… GCH)の酵素遺伝子を被殻に導入してドパミンを合成させる方法である.3つの遺伝子を導入すれば自動的にドパミンが合成される.一方, AADC遺伝子だけの導入ではL-dopaを経口投与する必要がある.ドパミン過剰による副作用の予防には, L-dopaの服薬量でドパミン産生を調整できる後者のほうが安全である.このためAAV2-AADCの被殻への導入が行われ, PD症状の改善とPET検査でのドパミン産生が確認された.3つ …
NAID 110008441005

卵胞成熟過程におけるセロトニンの卵胞内包量の変化とセロトニン合成酵素分子の遺伝子発現変化

福元隆浩,庄司憲明,小野寺大,櫻井威織,平尾幸久,田中哲二,畑村育次
Journal of mammalian ova research = 日本哺乳動物卵子学会誌 27(4), 216-219, 2010-10-01
セ口トニン（5-HT）は神経伝達物質として知られ、精神疾患の作用因子として理解されている。卵胞形成過程に於ける5-HTは、脳下垂体を介した性腺刺激ホルモンの調節下で作用すると考えられていた。最近の知見より、セロトニン受容体を介したシクナル伝達がプロゲステロンの卵胞内分泌を調整することが示唆され、かつ卵胞における5-HTはHPLCにより幾種もの動物で検出されている。卵胞組織において5-HTが分泌され …
NAID 10027595507

「DOPA脱炭酸酵素」

DOPA decarboxylase (aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase)
Identifiers
Symbol	DDC
Entrez	1644
HUGO	2719
OMIM	107930
RefSeq	NM_000790
UniProt	P20711
Other data
EC number	4.1.1.28
Locus	Chr. 7 p11

Search
PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI	proteins

aromatic-L-amino-acid decarboxylase
	Ribbon diagram of a DOPA decarboxylase dimer.
Identifiers
EC number	4.1.1.28
CAS number	9042-64-2
Databases
IntEnz	IntEnz view
BRENDA	BRENDA entry
ExPASy	NiceZyme view
KEGG	KEGG entry
MetaCyc	metabolic pathway
PRIAM	profile
PDB structures	RCSB PDB PDBe PDBsum
Gene Ontology	AmiGO / EGO
Search
PMC	articles
PubMed	articles
NCBI	proteins

　　[★]

英: DOPA decarboxylase
関: ドーパ脱炭酸酵素、DOPAデカルボキシラーゼ、ドパ脱炭酸酵素

「ドパ脱炭酸酵素」

　　[★]

英: DOPA decarboxylase
関: ドーパ脱炭酸酵素、DOPA脱炭酸酵素、DOPAデカルボキシラーゼ

「DOPAデカルボキシラーゼ」

　　[★]

英: DOPA decarboxylase
関: ドーパ脱炭酸酵素、DOPA脱炭酸酵素、ドパ脱炭酸酵素

「decarboxylase」

　　[★]

デカルボキシラーゼ、脱炭酸酵素

関: carboxy-lyase

「DOPA」

　　[★] レボドパ。ドパ 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine

「DO」

　　[★]

溶存酸素 dissolved O2 dissolved oxygen

「dopa」

　　[★] レボドパ。ドパ　

[pmid11685243-1] PDB: 1JS3 ; Burkhard P, Dominici P, Borri-Voltattorni C, Jansonius JN, Malashkevich VN (November 2001). "Structural insight into Parkinson's disease treatment from drug-inhibited DOPA decarboxylase". Nat. Struct. Biol. 8 (11): 963–7. doi:10.1038/nsb1101-963. PMID 11685243.

[loganabbrev-2] Logan, Carolynn M.; Rice, M. Katherine (1987). Logan's Medical and Scientific Abbreviations. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott Company. p. 3. ISBN 0-397-54589-4.

[3] "AADC". Human Metabolome database. Retrieved 17 February 2015.

[Trace_amine_template_1-4] Broadley KJ (March 2010). "The vascular effects of trace amines and amphetamines". Pharmacol. Ther. 125 (3): 363–375. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.11.005. PMID 19948186.

[Trace_amine_template_2-5] Lindemann L, Hoener MC (May 2005). "A renaissance in trace amines inspired by a novel GPCR family". Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 26 (5): 274–281. doi:10.1016/j.tips.2005.03.007. PMID 15860375.

[6] Lisa J. Scherer, John D. McPherson, John J. Wasmuth and J. Lawrence Marsh (June 1992). "Human dopa decarboxylase: Localization to human chromosome 7p11 and characterization of hepatic cDNAs". Genomics 13 (2): 469–471. doi:10.1016/0888-7543(92)90275-W. PMID 1612608.

[7] A. D. Borglum, T. G. Bruun, T. E. Kjeldsen, H. Ewald, O. Mors, G. Kirov, C. Russ, B. Freeman, D. A. Collier & T. A. Kruse (November 1999). "Two novel variants in the DOPA decarboxylase gene: association with bipolar affective disorder". Molecular Psychiatry 4 (6): 545–541. doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4000559. PMID 10578236.

[8] Marlene B. Lauritsen, Anders D. Borglum, Catalina Betancur, Anne Philippe, Torben A. Kruse, Marion Leboyer & Henrik Ewald (May 2002). "Investigation of two variants in the DOPA decarboxylase gene in patients with autism". American Journal of Medical Genetics 114 (4): 466–460. doi:10.1002/ajmg.10379. PMID 11992572.

リンク元	「DOPA脱炭酸酵素」「ドパ脱炭酸酵素」「DOPAデカルボキシラーゼ」
関連記事	「decarboxylase」「DOPA」「DO」「dopa」

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DOPA decarboxylase