ブンゼンバーナー、Bunsenバーナー

WordNet

spend (significant amounts of money); "He has money to burn"
pain that feels hot as if it were on fire (同)burning
undergo combustion; "Maple wood burns well" (同)combust
destroy by fire; "They burned the house and his diaries" (同)fire, burn_down
cause to undergo combustion; "burn garbage"; "The car burns only Diesel oil" (同)incinerate
an injury caused by exposure to heat or chemicals or radiation
burn with heat, fire, or radiation; "The iron burnt a hole in my dress"
a place or area that has been burned (especially on a persons body) (同)burn mark
damage inflicted by fire
cause to burn or combust; "The sun burned off the fog"; "We combust coal and other fossil fuels" (同)combust
shine intensely, as if with heat; "The coals were glowing in the dark"; "The candles were burning" (同)glow
burn at the stake; "Witches were burned in Salem"
feel hot or painful; "My eyes are burning"
feel strong emotion, especially anger or passion; "She was burning with anger"; "He was burning to try out his new skies"
an apparatus for burning fuel (or refuse); "a diesel engine is an oil burner"
the heating elements of a stove or range on which pots and pans are placed for cooking; "the electric range had one large burner and three smaller one"
German chemist who with Kirchhoff pioneered spectrum analysis but is remembered mainly for his invention of the Bunsen burner (1811-1899) (同)Robert Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm Bunsen
a gas burner used in laboratories; has an air valve to regulate the mixture of gas and air (同)bunsen, etna

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈火・家などが〉『燃える』,『焼ける』 / (火や熱によって)『焦げる』,日焼けする / 『光』(『熱』)『を出す』 / (…で)熱さを感じる,ほてる《+『with』+『名』》 / (愛憎などで)燃える,かっかとなる《+『with』+『名』》 / …'を'『燃やす』,『焼く』 / …'を'焦がす;…'を'日焼けさせる / …'を'熱く感じさせる,'を'ほてらせる / …'を'燃料にする / 『やけど』;焼け焦げ / 『日焼け』 / ロケットの噴射・（CDなどに）焼く、（音楽｛おんがく｝やデータなどを）（CDなどに）焼く
《スコットランド》小川
焼く人 / (ストーブ・ランプなどの)火口(ほぐち),バーナー;燃焼器

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/08/27 01:42:51」(JST)

wiki en

A Bunsen burner, named after Robert Bunsen, is a common piece of laboratory equipment that produces a single open gas flame, which is used for heating, sterilization, and combustion.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] The gas can be natural gas (which is mainly methane) or a liquefied petroleum gas, such as propane, butane, or a mixture of both.

History[edit source | edit]

When the University of Heidelberg hired Robert Bunsen in 1852, the authorities promised to build him a new laboratory building. Heidelberg had just begun to install coal-gas street lighting, so the new laboratory building was also supplied with gas. The laboratory required heating from the gas as well as illumination. For heating, it was desirable to maximize the temperature and minimize the luminosity. Previous laboratory lamps left much to be desired regarding economy and simplicity, as well as the quality of the flame for a burner lamp.

While his building was still under construction late in 1854, Bunsen suggested certain design principles to the university's mechanic, Peter Desaga, and asked him to construct a prototype. (Similar principles had been used in an earlier burner design by Michael Faraday as well as in a device patented in 1856 by the gas engineer R W Elsner.) The Bunsen/Desaga design succeeded in generating a hot, sootless, non-luminous flame by mixing the gas with air in a controlled fashion before combustion. Desaga created slits for air at the bottom of the first cylindrical burner, the flame igniting at the top. By the time the building opened early in 1855, Desaga had made fifty of the burners for Bunsen's students. Bunsen published a description two years later, and many of his colleagues soon adopted the design. Bunsen burners are now used in laboratories all around the world.^[6]

Operation[edit source | edit]

Bunsen burner flames depend on air flow in the throat holes (on the burner side, not the needle valve for gas flow): 1. air hole closed (safety flame used for lighting or default), 2. air hole slightly open, 3. air hole half open, 4. hole almost fully open (roaring blue flame).

The device in use today safely burns a continuous stream of a flammable gas such as natural gas (which is principally methane) or a liquefied petroleum gas such as propane, butane, or a mixture of both.

The hose barb is connected to a gas nozzle on the laboratory bench with rubber tubing. Most laboratory benches are equipped with multiple gas nozzles connected to a central gas source, as well as vacuum, nitrogen, and steam nozzles. The gas then flows up through the base through a small hole at the bottom of the barrel and is directed upward. There are open slots in the side of the tube bottom to admit air into the stream via the venturi effect, and the gas burns at the top of the tube once ignited by a flame or spark. The most common methods of lighting the burner are using a match or a spark lighter.

The amount of air mixed with the gas stream affects the completeness of the combustion reaction. Less air yields an incomplete and thus cooler reaction, while a gas stream well mixed with air provides oxygen in an equimolar amount and thus a complete and hotter reaction. The air flow can be controlled by opening or closing the slot openings at the base of the barrel, similar in function to the choke in a carburettor.

If the collar at the bottom of the tube is adjusted so more air can mix with the gas before combustion, the flame will burn hotter, appearing blue as a result. If the holes are closed, the gas will only mix with ambient air at the point of combustion, that is, only after it has exited the tube at the top. This reduced mixing produces an incomplete reaction, producing a cooler but brighter yellow which is often called the "safety flame" or "luminous flame". The yellow flame is luminous due to small soot particles in the flame which are heated to incandescence. The yellow flame is considered "dirty" because it leaves a layer of carbon on whatever it is heating. When the burner is regulated to produce a hot, blue flame it can be nearly invisible against some backgrounds. The hottest part of the flame is the tip of the inner flame, while the coolest is the whole inner flame. Increasing the amount of fuel gas flow through the tube by opening the needle valve will increase the size of the flame. However, unless the airflow is adjusted as well, the flame temperature will decrease because an increased amount of gas is now mixed with the same amount of air, starving the flame of oxygen.

The burner will often be placed on a suitable heatproof mat to protect the laboratory bench surface.

Variants[edit source | edit]

Other burners based on the same principle exist. The most important alternatives to the Bunsen burner are:

Teclu burner – The lower part of its tube is conical, with a round screw nut below its base. The gap, set by the distance between the nut and the end of the tube, regulates the influx of the air in a way similar to the open slots of the Bunsen burner. The Teclu burner provides better mixing of air and fuel and can achieve higher flame temperatures than the Bunsen burner.^[7]
Meker burner – The lower part of its tube has more openings with larger total cross-section, admitting more air and facilitating better mixing of air and gas. The tube is wider and its top is covered with a wire grid. The grid separates the flame into an array of smaller flames with a common external envelope, and also prevents flashback to the bottom of the tube, which is a risk at high air-to-fuel ratios and limits the maximum rate of air intake in a conventional Bunsen burner. Flame temperatures of up to 1100–1200 °C (2000–2200 °F) are achievable if properly used. The flame also burns without noise, unlike the Bunsen or Teclu burners.^[8]

References[edit source | edit]

^ Lockemann, G. (1956). "The Centenary of the Bunsen Burner". J. Chem. Ed. 33: 20–21. Bibcode:1956JChEd..33...20L. doi:10.1021/ed033p20.
^ Rocke, A. J. (2002). "Bunsen Burner". Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science. p. 114.
^ William B. Jensen (2005). "The Origin of the Bunsen Burner". J. Chem. Ed. 82 (4): 518. Bibcode:2005JChEd..82..518J. doi:10.1021/ed082p518. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.
^ Griffith, J. J. (1838). Chemical Reactions – A compendium of experimental chemistry (8th ed.). Glasgow: R Griffin and Co.
^ Kohn, Moritz (1950). "Remarks on the history of laboratory burners". J. Chem. Educ. 27 (9): 514. Bibcode:1950JChEd..27..514K. doi:10.1021/ed027p514.
^ Aaron John Ihde (1984-04-01). The development of modern chemistry. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 233–236. ISBN 978-0-486-64235-2.
^ Mandal Pratim Partha; B. Mandal (2002-01-01). A Text Book of Homoeopathic Pharmacy. Kolkata, India: New Central Book Agency. p. 46. ISBN 978-81-7381-009-1.
^ Hale, Charles W. (1915). Domestic Science, Volume 2. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 38.

External links[edit source | edit]

Look up bunsen burner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.

A history of the Bunsen Burner.
Poliakoff, Martyn (2011). "Robert Bunsen and his Burner". The Periodic Table of Videos. University of Nottingham.

UpToDate Contents

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English Journal

High-resolution bispectral imager at 1000 frames per second.

Strojnik M, Paez G.
Optics express.Opt Express.2015 Sep 21;23(19):A1259-69. doi: 10.1364/OE.23.0A1259.
We describe a bispectral, 1000-frames per second imaging instrument working simultaneously in two spectral bands. These bands may be selected for a specific application; however, we implement a pair centered at 4.3 μm and 4.66 μm. Synchronization is accomplished by employing a single focal plane a
PMID 26406755

Microwave-assisted chemistry: synthetic applications for rapid assembly of nanomaterials and organics.

Gawande MB1, Shelke SN, Zboril R, Varma RS.
Accounts of chemical research.Acc Chem Res.2014 Apr 15;47(4):1338-48. doi: 10.1021/ar400309b. Epub 2014 Mar 25.
The magic of microwave (MW) heating technique, termed the Bunsen burner of the 21st century, has emerged as a valuable alternative in the synthesis of organic compounds, polymers, inorganic materials, and nanomaterials. Important innovations in MW-assisted chemistry now enable chemists to prepare ca
PMID 24666323

Examining the efficiency of muffle furnace-induced alkaline hydrolysis in determining the titanium content of environmental samples containing engineered titanium dioxide particles.

Silva RG1, Nadagouda MN, Webster J, Govindaswamy S, Hristovski KD, Ford RG, Patterson CL, Impellitteri CA.
Environmental science. Processes & impacts.Environ Sci Process Impacts.2013 Mar;15(3):645-52.
A novel muffle furnace (MF)-based potassium hydroxide (KOH) fusion digestion technique was developed and evaluated for different titanium dioxide materials in various solid matrices. Digestion of different environmental samples containing sediments, clay minerals and humic acid with and without TiO(
PMID 23738363

Japanese Journal

Flame-Flow Interaction in a Turbulent Premixed Flame (Fluid Mechanical Structure of the Flamelet)

吉田泰子,古川純一,野口佳樹,Vaishali AMIN,Forman A. WILLIAMS
日本機械学会論文集Ｂ編 78(795), 2012
… An LDV system was employed to measure three components of velocity at a mid-flame point on the centerline of a propane-air flame of equivalence ratio 1.10 on a 26 mm-diameter Bunsen burner with fully developed turbulent pipe flow upstream at a Reynolds number of 6700. …
NAID 130002572576

Experimental Study on a Compact Methanol Steam Reformer with Pd/Ag Membrane

FAIZAL Hasan Mohd,KUWABARA Masato,KIZU Ryo,YOKOMORI Takeshi,UEDA Toshihisa
Journal of Thermal Science and Technology 7(1), 2012
… Heating was performed by a Bunsen type burner using City Gas 13A. …
NAID 130002068985

乱流予混合火炎における火炎と流れの相互作用（火炎面背後におけるガス流動）

吉田泰子,古川純一,野口佳樹,Forman A. WILLIAMS
日本機械学会論文集Ｂ編 78(794), 2012
… An LDV system was employed to measure three components of velocity at a mid-flame point on the centerline of a propane-air flame of equivalence ratio 1.10 on a 26 mm-diameter Bunsen burner with fully developed turbulent pipe flow upstream at a Reynolds number of 6700. …
NAID 130002050829

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「Bunsenバーナー」「ブンゼンバーナー」
関連記事	「burn」

「Bunsenバーナー」

Bunsen burner
	; A Bunsen burner with needle valve. The hose barb for the gas tube is on the left and the needle valve for gas flow adjustment is on the opposite side. The air inlet on this particular model is adjusted by rotating the barrel, thus opening or closing the vertical baffles at the base.
Uses	Heating; Sterilization; Combustion
Related items	Hot plate; Heating mantle; Meker-Fisher burner; Teclu burner

　　[★]

英: Bunsen burner
関: ブンゼンバーナー

「ブンゼンバーナー」

　　[★]

英: Bunsen burner
関: Bunsenバーナー

「burn」

　　[★]

n.

熱傷

[1] Lockemann, G. (1956). "The Centenary of the Bunsen Burner". J. Chem. Ed. 33: 20–21. Bibcode:1956JChEd..33...20L. doi:10.1021/ed033p20.

[2] Rocke, A. J. (2002). "Bunsen Burner". Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science. p. 114.

[3] William B. Jensen (2005). "The Origin of the Bunsen Burner". J. Chem. Ed. 82 (4): 518. Bibcode:2005JChEd..82..518J. doi:10.1021/ed082p518. Archived from the original on July 20, 2011.

[4] Griffith, J. J. (1838). Chemical Reactions – A compendium of experimental chemistry (8th ed.). Glasgow: R Griffin and Co.

[5] Kohn, Moritz (1950). "Remarks on the history of laboratory burners". J. Chem. Educ. 27 (9): 514. Bibcode:1950JChEd..27..514K. doi:10.1021/ed027p514.

[6] Aaron John Ihde (1984-04-01). The development of modern chemistry. Courier Dover Publications. pp. 233–236. ISBN 978-0-486-64235-2.

[7] Mandal Pratim Partha; B. Mandal (2002-01-01). A Text Book of Homoeopathic Pharmacy. Kolkata, India: New Central Book Agency. p. 46. ISBN 978-81-7381-009-1.

[8] Hale, Charles W. (1915). Domestic Science, Volume 2. London: Cambridge University Press. p. 38.

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案内

Bunsen burner