WordNet

(Greek mythology) the virgin goddess of the hunt and the Moon; daughter of Leto and twin sister of Apollo; identified with Roman Diana (同)Cynthia
any of various composite shrubs or herbs of the genus Artemisia having aromatic green or greyish foliage

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アルテミス(ギリシア神話の月と狩猟の女神;ローマ神話のDianaに当たる)

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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2013/10/18 11:29:43」(JST)

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Artemisia absinthium (absinthium, absinthe wormwood, wormwood, common wormwood, green ginger or grand wormwood) is a species of Artemisia, native to temperate regions of Eurasia and northern Africa. It is grown as an ornamental plant and is used as an ingredient in the spirit absinthe as well as some other alcoholic drinks.

Description[edit]

Artemisia absinthium is a herbaceous, perennial plant with fibrous roots. The stems are straight, growing to 0.8–1.2 metres (2 ft 7 in–3 ft 10 in) (rarely 1.5 m, but, sometimes even larger) tall, grooved, branched, and silvery-green. The leaves are spirally arranged, greenish-grey above and white below, covered with silky silvery-white trichomes, and bearing minute oil-producing glands; the basal leaves are up to 25 cm long, bipinnate to tripinnate with long petioles, with the cauline leaves (those on the stem) smaller, 5–10 cm long, less divided, and with short petioles; the uppermost leaves can be both simple and sessile (without a petiole). Its flowers are pale yellow, tubular, and clustered in spherical bent-down heads (capitula), which are in turn clustered in leafy and branched panicles. Flowering is from early summer to early autumn; pollination is anemophilous. The fruit is a small achene; seed dispersal is by gravity.

It grows naturally on uncultivated, arid ground, on rocky slopes, and at the edge of footpaths and fields.

Cultivation[edit]

Artemisia absinthium. Inflorescences

The plant can easily be cultivated in dry soil. It should be planted under bright exposure in fertile, mid-weight soil. It prefers soil rich in nitrogen. It can be propagated by ripened cuttings taken in Spring or Autumn in temperate climates, or by seeds in nursery beds. Artemisia absinthium also self-seeds generously. It is naturalised in some areas away from its native range, including much of North America and Kashmir Valley of India.^[4]

This plant,^[5] and its cultivars 'Lambrook Mist'^[5] and 'Lambrook Silver'^[6] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.

Uses[edit]

It is an ingredient in the spirit absinthe, and is used for flavouring in some other spirits and wines, including bitters, vermouth and pelinkovac. In the Middle Ages, it was used to spice mead.^[7] In 18th century England, wormwood was sometimes used instead of hops in beer.^[8]

Wormwood is the traditional colour and flavour agent for green songpyeon, a type of rice cake eaten during the Korean thanksgiving festival of Chuseok in the autumn.

Etymology[edit]

Artemisia comes from Ancient Greek ἀρτεμισία, from Ἄρτεμις (Artemis).^[9] In Hellenistic culture, Artemis was a goddess of the hunt, and protector of the forest and children.

The word "wormwood" comes from Middle English wormwode or wermode. The form "wormwood" is attributable to its traditional use as a vermifuge.^[10] Webster's Third New International Dictionary attributes the etymology to Old English wermōd (compare with German Wermut and the derived drink vermouth), which the OED (s.v.) marks as "of obscure origin".

Cultural history[edit]

Nicholas Culpeper insisted that wormwood was the key to understanding his 1651 book The English Physitian. Richard Mabey describes Culpeper's entry on this bitter-tasting plant as "stream-of-consciousness" and "unlike anything else in the herbal", reading "like the ramblings of a drunk", and Culpeper biographer Benjamin Woolley suggests the piece may be an allegory about bitterness, as Culpeper had spent his life fighting the Establishment, and had been imprisoned and seriously wounded in battle as a result.^[11]

Artemisia absinthium is traditionally used medicinally in Europe, and is believed to stimulate the appetite and relieve indigestion.^[12]

References[edit]

^ Linnaeus, Carolus (1753). Species plantarum:exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... 2. Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii). p. 848. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.
^ ^a ^b ^c Christian Rätsch (25 April 2005). The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications. Inner Traditions/Bear. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-89281-978-2. Retrieved 27 April 2013.
^ "The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species".
^ Shafi et al., 2012
^ ^a ^b "Artemisia absinthium 'Lambrook Mist' AGM". APPS.RHS.org.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
^ "Artemisia absinthium 'Lambrook Silver' AGM". APPS.RHS.org.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
^ Grieves, M. (1931). "Wormwood, Common". Botanical.com – A Modern Herbal. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
^ Hartley, Dorothy (1985) [1954]. Food in England. Futura Publications. p. 456. ISBN 0-7088-2696-2.
^ "absinthium". Wiktionary. Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-12.
^ "Wormwood". NYU Langone Medical Center. EBSCO Publishing. July 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2013.
^ Richard Mabey (2010). Weeds. The Story of Outlaw Plants. Profile Books Ltd. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978 1 84668 081 6.
^ Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (2009). "Community Herbal Monograph on Artemisia absinthium L., Herba". European Medicines Agency. Retrieved 2 June 2013.

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Artemisia absinthium.

Encyclopedia of Life entry for Artemisia absinthium L.
Biodiversity Heritage Library bibliography for Artemisia absinthium
The Virtual Absinthe Museum - A comprehensive online museum of absinthe history, lore, art and antiques.
Erowid Wormwood Vault- information on the use and preparation of wormwood, along with user experiences.
Shafi G, Hasan TN, Syed NA, Al-Hazzani AA, Alshatwi AA, Jyothi A, Munshi A (2012). "Artemisia absinthium (AA): a novel potential complementary and alternative medicine for breast cancer". Molecular Biology Reports 39 (7): 7373–7379. doi:10.1007/s11033-012-1569-0. PMID 22311047. </ref>

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English Journal

Artemisia absinthium (AA): a novel potential complementary and alternative medicine for breast cancer.

Shafi G, Hasan TN, Syed NA, Al-Hazzani AA, Alshatwi AA, Jyothi A, Munshi A.SourceDepartment of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, 500016, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Molecular biology reports.Mol Biol Rep.2012 Feb 5. [Epub ahead of print]
Natural products have become increasingly important in pharmaceutical discoveries, and traditional herbalism has been a pioneering specialty in biomedical science. The search for effective plant-derived anticancer agents has continued to gain momentum in recent years. The present study aimed to inve
PMID 22311047

The choice of thujone as drug for diabetes.

Lachenmeier DW, Walch SG.AbstractThe use of thujone, a monoterpene ketone often present in sage (Salvia officinalis L.) or wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), for the treatment of diabetes mellitus was recently suggested in a study published in this journal. Evidence was based on the findings obtained in a diabetic rat model. After oral treatment with thujone (5 mg/kg bodyweight (bw)/day for 28 days), the cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly adjusted to normal levels when compared to diabetic, untreated rats. While these results sound promising and worthy of further investigation, the well-defined profile of the adverse properties of thujone demands a cautious interpretation of these results. The therapeutic margin of thujone appears to be small, as a dose-related incidence of seizures was noted in 2-year National Toxicology Program studies in rats and mice. The dose level in the diabetic rat study is also considerably higher than a daily intake that is acceptable for humans (0.1 mg/kg bw/day).
Natural product research.Nat Prod Res.2011 Dec;25(20):1890-2. Epub 2011 Oct 11.
The use of thujone, a monoterpene ketone often present in sage (Salvia officinalis L.) or wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.), for the treatment of diabetes mellitus was recently suggested in a study published in this journal. Evidence was based on the findings obtained in a diabetic rat model. After
PMID 21988529

Japanese Journal

Genetic Diversity in Different Populations of Artemisia absinthium Linn. from Kashmir Himalaya

MALIK Reyaz Ahmad,GUPTA R. C.,KUMARI Santosh
Cytologia : international journal of cytology 75(3), 273-276, 2010-09-25
NAID 10027434777

35.ヨモギ属植物におけるセスキテルペノイドプロファイルの比較解析(口頭発表)

下村昌也,鈴木宗典,伊藤隆,關光,西澤具子,南雲清二,秋田徹,前嶋一宏,高上馬希重,村中俊哉
植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集 (44), 49, 2009-10-06
… Artemisia spp. … Artemisia annua contains anti-malarial sesquiterpenoid artemisinin. … However, there were few such studies in other Artemisia spp. … absinthium, suggesting that comparative approach is useful to find new gene function. … Toward systematical understanding of molecular basis for chemical differences among Artemisia spp., sesquiterpenoid profiling was conducted. …
NAID 110007468295

Free radical scavenging activity of wormwood (Artemisia absinthium L.) extracts

CANADANOVIC-BRUNET J. M.
J. Sci. Food Agric. 85, 265-272, 2005
NAID 80017086139

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「ニガヨモギ」
関連記事	「Artemisia」

「ニガヨモギ」

Artemisia absinthium
	Artemisia absinthium growing wild in the Caucasus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
(unranked):	Angiosperms
(unranked):	Eudicots
(unranked):	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Genus:	Artemisia
Species:	A. absinthium
Binomial name
	Artemisia absinthium; L.
Synonyms
	Absinthium bipedale Gilib. nom. inval.; Absinthium majus Geoffr.; Absinthium majus Garsault nom. inval.; Absinthium officinale Lam.; Absinthium officinale Brot.; Absinthium vulgare (L.) Lam.; Artemisia absinthia St.-Lag.; Artemisia arborescens var. cupaniana Chiov.; Artemisia arborescens f. rehan (Chiov.) Chiov.; Artemisia baldaccii Degen; Artemisia doonense Royle; Artemisia inodora Mill.; Artemisia kulbadica Boiss. & Buhse; Artemisia pendula Salisb.; Artemisia rehan Chiov.; Artemisia rhaetica Brügger;

　　[★]

ラ: Artemisia absinthium

「Artemisia」

　　[★]

ヨモギ属、アルテミシア属、Artemisia属

関: sagebrush、wormwood

[Linn1753-1] Linnaeus, Carolus (1753). Species plantarum:exhibentes plantas rite cognitas, ad genera relatas, cum differentiis specificis, nominibus trivialibus, synonymis selectis, locis natalibus, secundum systema sexuale digestas... 2. Holmiae (Laurentii Salvii). p. 848. Archived from the original on 4 October 2008. Retrieved 2008-09-08.

[R.C3.A4tsch2005-2] Christian Rätsch (25 April 2005). The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications. Inner Traditions/Bear. p. 69. ISBN 978-0-89281-978-2. Retrieved 27 April 2013.

[3] "The Plant List: A Working List of all Plant Species".

[Shafi_et_al..2C_2012-4] Shafi et al., 2012

[apps-5] "Artemisia absinthium 'Lambrook Mist' AGM". APPS.RHS.org.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2012.

[6] "Artemisia absinthium 'Lambrook Silver' AGM". APPS.RHS.org.uk. Retrieved 31 August 2012.

[Grieves.2C_M._1931-7] Grieves, M. (1931). "Wormwood, Common". Botanical.com – A Modern Herbal. Archived from the original on 28 May 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-12.

[8] Hartley, Dorothy (1985) [1954]. Food in England. Futura Publications. p. 456. ISBN 0-7088-2696-2.

[en.wiktionary.org-9] "absinthium". Wiktionary. Wikimedia Foundation. 2010. Retrieved 2010-07-12.

[10] "Wormwood". NYU Langone Medical Center. EBSCO Publishing. July 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2013.

[11] Richard Mabey (2010). Weeds. The Story of Outlaw Plants. Profile Books Ltd. pp. 102–103. ISBN 978 1 84668 081 6.

[12] Committee on Herbal Medicinal Products (2009). "Community Herbal Monograph on Artemisia absinthium L., Herba". European Medicines Agency. Retrieved 2 June 2013.

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Artemisia absinthium