2,4,5-T

2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸

WordNet

1. the 20th letter of the Roman alphabet (同)t
2. a tough youth of 1950s and 1960s wearing Edwardian style clothes (同)Teddy boy

PrepTutorEJDIC

1. tritiumの化学記号

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2014/10/02 14:39:48」(JST)

wiki ja

[Wiki ja表示]

2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸
IUPAC名 (2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid
別称 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-T Trioxone
識別情報
CAS登録番号	93-76-5
ChemSpider	1435
UNII	9Q963S4YMX
KEGG	C07100
ChEBI	CHEBI:27903
ChEMBL	CHEMBL194458
RTECS番号	AJ8400000
SMILES Clc1cc(OCC(=O)O)c(Cl)cc1Cl
InChI InChI=1S/C8H5Cl3O3/c9-4-1-6(11)7(2-5(4)10)14-3-8(12)13/h1-2H,3H2,(H,12,13)  Key: SMYMJHWAQXWPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N  InChI=1/C8H5Cl3O3/c9-4-1-6(11)7(2-5(4)10)14-3-8(12)13/h1-2H,3H2,(H,12,13) Key: SMYMJHWAQXWPDB-UHFFFAOYAR
特性
化学式	C8H5Cl3O3
モル質量	255.48 g mol−1
外観	白または黄色の結晶
密度	1.80 g/cm3, 20 °C
融点	154-158 °C
水への溶解度	238 mg/kg (30 °C)
危険性
Rフレーズ	22-36/37/38-50/53
Sフレーズ	24-60-61
関連する物質
関連物質	2,4-D オーキシン
特記なき場合、データは常温 (25 °C)・常圧 (100 kPa) におけるものである。

2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸（—さくさん、2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 略称 2,4,5-T）は、現在認可されていない広葉用除草剤・化学合成農薬である。2,4-ジクロロフェノキシ酢酸（2,4-D）と構造的に似通っており、2,4-D同様、植物ホルモンであるオーキシン様の作用を示す。除草の仕組みも同様であるが、2,4-Dよりもイネ科植物への作用が大きい。また、ミカン、リンゴなどの落果防止、果実肥大の効果もある。

ベトナム戦争で使用された枯葉剤は 2,4,5-T と2,4-Dの混合物であるが、合成過程でダイオキシン類の一種2,3,7,8-テトラクロロジベンゾ-p-ジオキシン(TCDD)を生成し、さらに一般の2,4,5-T剤よりTCDDをはるかに多く含んでいたため問題となった。

2,4,5-Tはかつて日本国内でも除草剤として使用され、ベトナム戦争で問題になった後、多くが埋設処理された（1975年に農薬登録は失効した）。国有林野においても全国で数十箇所が埋設されたが、埋設場所の一部は、今となっては特定できないため、問題がより深刻化している。

当時の林野庁は、埋設方法について「一カ所あたりの埋設量は300kg以内。セメント１、水0.6、土４に、埋設する枯葉剤の10倍の量の土を練り込んで、コンクリート詰めにする」との指示を出した。しかし、実際には杜撰な埋設が行われていた。現に1984年には、愛媛県津島町（現在の宇和島市）の八面山で、缶に入った枯葉剤をビニール袋で包んだだけで放置されていたため、ダイオキシンが大量に流出し、被害が出た。

関連項目

• 除草剤
• 除草剤の一覧
• 農薬
• 枯葉剤
• 2,4-D
• オーキシン
• 植物ホルモン

wiki en

[Wiki en表示]

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid
IUPAC name (2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxy)acetic acid
Other names 2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid 2,4,5-T Trioxone
Identifiers
CAS number	93-76-5 Y
ChemSpider	1435 Y
UNII	9Q963S4YMX Y
KEGG	C07100 Y
ChEBI	CHEBI:27903 Y
ChEMBL	CHEMBL194458 Y
RTECS number	AJ8400000
Jmol-3D images	Image 1
SMILES Clc1cc(OCC(=O)O)c(Cl)cc1Cl
InChI InChI=1S/C8H5Cl3O3/c9-4-1-6(11)7(2-5(4)10)14-3-8(12)13/h1-2H,3H2,(H,12,13) Y Key: SMYMJHWAQXWPDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Y InChI=1/C8H5Cl3O3/c9-4-1-6(11)7(2-5(4)10)14-3-8(12)13/h1-2H,3H2,(H,12,13) Key: SMYMJHWAQXWPDB-UHFFFAOYAR
Properties
Molecular formula	C8H5Cl3O3
Molar mass	255.48 g mol−1
Appearance	Off-white to yellow crystalline solid
Density	1.80 g/cm³, 20 °C
Melting point	154-158 °C
Solubility in water	238 mg/kg (30 °C)
Hazards
R-phrases	22-36/37/38-50/53
S-phrases	24-60-61
Related compounds
Related compounds	2,4-D auxin
Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C (77 °F), 100 kPa)
Y (verify) (what is: Y/N?)
Infobox references

2,4,5-Trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (also known as 2,4,5-T), a synthetic auxin, is a chlorophenoxy acetic acid herbicide used to defoliate broad-leafed plants. It was developed in the late 1940s and was widely used in the agricultural industry until being phased out, starting in the late 1970s due to toxicity concerns. Agent Orange, a defoliant used by the British in the Malayan Emergency and the U.S. in the Vietnam War, was equal parts 2,4,5-T and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid). 2,4,5-T itself is toxic with a NOAEL of 3 mg/kg/day and a LOAEL of 10 mg/kg/day. Additionally, the manufacturing process for 2,4,5-T contaminates this chemical with trace amounts of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD). TCDD is a carcinogenic persistent organic pollutant with long-term effects on the environment. With proper temperature control during production of 2,4,5-T, TCDD levels can be held to about .005 ppm. Before the TCDD risk was well-understood, early production facilities lacked proper temperature controls and individual batches tested later were found to have as much as 60 ppm of TCDD.

In 1970, the United States Department of Agriculture halted the use of 2,4,5-T on all food crops except rice, and in 1985, the EPA terminated all remaining uses in the U.S. of this herbicide. The international trade of 2,4,5-T is restricted by the Rotterdam Convention. 2,4,5-T has since largely been replaced by dicamba and triclopyr.

Apart from agricultural uses, 2,4,5-T was also a major ingredient in Agent Orange, a herbicide blend used by the British military in Malaya and the U.S. military in Vietnam between January 1965 and April 1970 as a defoliant.

Human health effects from 2,4,5-T at low environmental doses or at biomonitored levels from low environmental exposures are unknown. Intentional overdoses and unintentional high dose occupational exposures to chlorophenoxy acid herbicides have resulted in weakness, headache, dizziness, nausea, abdominal pain, myotonia, hypotension, renal and hepatic injury, and delayed neuropathy. IARC considers the chlorophenoxyacetic acids group of chemicals as possibly carcinogenic to humans.

References

Further readings

• Tschirley FH. Defoliation in Vietnam. Science. 1969;163:779-786.

• Orians GH, Pfeiffer EW. Ecological effects of the war in Vietnam. Science. 1970;168:544-554.

• Neilands JB, Orians GH, Pfeiffer EW, Vennema A, Westing AH. Harvest of Death: Chemical Warfare in Vietnam and Cambodia. New York: Free Press; 1972.

• Gochfeld M. The other victims of the Vietnam war. BioScience. 1975;25:540-541.

• Westing AH, ed. Herbicides in War. The Long Term Ecological and Human Consequences. London: Taylor and Francis; 1984.

• Schecter AJ, Tong HY, Monson SJ, Goss ML. Levels of 2,3,7,8-TCDD in silt samples collected between 1985-86 from rivers in the North and South of Vietnam. Chemosphere. 1989;19:547-550.

• Schecter AJM, Dai LC, Thuy LTB, et al. Agent Orange and the Vietnamese: the persistence of elevated dioxin levels in human tissues. Am J Public Health. 1995;85:516-522.

• Kahn PC, Gochfeld M, Nyugen M, Hansson M, Rappe C, Velez H. Dioxins and dibenzofurans in blood and adipose tissue of Agent Orange-exposed Vietnam veterans and matched controls. JAMA. 1988;259:1661-1667.

• Fingerhut MA, Halperin WE, Marlow DA, et al. Cancer mortality in workers exposed to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:212-218.

External links

• 2,4,5-T - Identification, toxicity, use, water pollution potential, ecological toxicity and regulatory information
• CDC - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

• 1. 高マグネシウム血症の症状 symptoms of hypermagnesemia
• 2. 小児における肺炎球菌（肺炎レンサ球菌）多糖類ワクチン pneumococcal streptococcus pneumoniae polysaccharide vaccines in children
• 3. ヒト免疫不全ウイルス（HIV）関連肺動脈性高血圧症 pulmonary arterial hypertension associated with human immunodeficiency virus
• 4. くも膜下出血の重症度分類 subarachnoid hemorrhage grading scales
• 5. 遺伝性腎炎（アルポート症候群）の遺伝学、病因、および病理 genetics pathogenesis and pathology of hereditary nephritis alport syndrome

English Journal

• Phenoxy herbicides, soft-tissue sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma: a systematic review of evidence from cohort and case-control studies.

• Jayakody N1, Harris EC1, Coggon D2.
• British medical bulletin.Br Med Bull.2015 Mar 19. pii: ldv008. [Epub ahead of print]
• BACKGROUND: Phenoxy herbicides have been used widely in agriculture, forestry, parks and domestic gardens. Early studies linked them with soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), but when last reviewed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer in 1986, the evidence for huma
• PMID 25790819

• Fingerprinting 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzodioxin contamination within the lower Passaic River.

• Quadrini JD1, Ku W, Connolly JP, Chiavelli DA, Israelsson PH.
• Environmental toxicology and chemistry / SETAC.Environ Toxicol Chem.2015 Feb 28. doi: 10.1002/etc.2961. [Epub ahead of print]
• The lower Passaic river (LPR) is an operable unit of the diamond alkali superfund site at 80 and 120 Lister avenue (site) in Newark, New Jersey. Between 1948 and 1969 the diamond shamrock chemicals company and its predecessors manufactured chemicals such as pesticides and phenoxy herbicides, includi
• PMID 25726763

• Environmental fate and dietary exposures of humans to TCDD as a result of the spraying of Agent Orange in upland forests of Vietnam.

• Armitage JM1, Ginevan ME2, Hewitt A3, Ross JH4, Watkins DK2, Solomon KR5.
• The Science of the total environment.Sci Total Environ.2015 Feb 15;506-507:621-30. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.11.026. Epub 2014 Nov 26.
• The fate and transport of 2,3,7,8-tetrachloro-p-dibenzodioxin (TCDD) released into the environment of South Vietnam (SVN) as a consequence of the aerial application of the herbicidal defoliant Agent Orange (AO) were simulated for a generic upland forest scenario and followed over a 50-year period (1
• PMID 25433383

Japanese Journal

• 学会賞受賞論文(業績賞・研究) 土壌中における農薬分解菌の生態と農薬が及ぼす影響評価に関する研究

• 井藤 和人
• 日本農薬学会誌 = Japanese journal of pesticide science 39(2), 115-120, 2014-08
• NAID 40020251165

• Society Awards 2014 (on prominent achievement) : Study of the ecology of pesticide-degrading microorganisms in soil and an assessment of pesticide effects on the ecosystem

• ITOH Kazuhito
• Journal of pesticide science 39(3・4), 174-176, 2014
• NAID 40020285850

• 土壌中における農薬分解菌の生態と農薬が及ぼす影響評価に関する研究

• 井藤 和人
• Journal of Pesticide Science, 2014
• … Ecological properties of microorganisms involved in aerobic degradation of 2,4-D, 2,4,5-T and salithion and in anaerobic degradation of chlorophenols were examined based on their phylogenetic classification, identification and characterization of genes and enzymes, and/or distribution, diversity and succession in the soil or sediment environment by culture- and molecular-based methods. …
• NAID 130004677988

Related Links

• 2,4,5-T - toxicity, ecological toxicity and regulatory information

Basic Identification Information About This Chemical Chemical Name: 2,4,5-T CAS Number: 93-76-5 U.S. EPA PC Code: 082001 CA DPR Chem Code: 639 Molecular Weight: 255.49 Use Type: Herbicide Chem Class:

• 2(t-5)+8t=5(2t+4)-11 - solution

Simple and best practice solution for 2(t-5)+8t=5(2t+4)-11 equation. Check how easy it is, and learn it for the future. Our solution is simple, and easy to understand, so don`t hesitate to use it as a solution of your homework.

Related Pictures

---

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸」
関連記事	「T」

「2,4,5-トリクロロフェノキシ酢酸」

　　[★]

英

2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2,4,5-T

「T」

　　[★]

• T波 T wave
• チミン thymine
• ツイスト数
• スレオニントレオニン threonine