WordNet

any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumes; "a diet high in protein"

PrepTutorEJDIC

蛋白(たんばく)質

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2012/11/03 15:35:42」(JST)

wiki en

14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules expressed in all eukaryotic cells. 14-3-3 proteins have the ability to bind a multitude of functionally diverse signaling proteins, including kinases, phosphatases, and transmembrane receptors. More than 100 signaling proteins have been reported as 14-3-3 ligands.

The name 14-3-3 refers to the particular elution and migration pattern of these proteins on DEAE-cellulose chromatography and starch-gel electrophoresis. The 14-3-3 proteins eluted in the 14th fraction of bovine brain homogenate and were found on positions 3.3 of subsequent electrophoresis by Moore and Perez (1967).

Elevated amounts of 14-3-3 proteins are found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.^[2]

Molecular structure of a 14-3-3 protein dimer bound to a peptide.

Properties of 14-3-3 proteins

There are seven genes that encode 14-3-3s in most mammals and 13-15 genes in many higher plants, though typically in fungi they are present only in pairs. Protists have at least one. Eukaryotes can tolerate the loss of a 14-3-3 isoform if multiple isoforms are present, however deletion of all 14-3-3s (as experimentally determined in yeast) results in death.

14-3-3 proteins can be considered evolved members of the Tetratrico Peptide Repeat (TPR) superfamily, generally have 9 or 10 alpha helices, and usually form homo- and/or hetero-dimer interactions along their amino-termini helices. These proteins contain a number of known common modification domains, including regions for divalent cation interaction, phosphorylation & acetylation, and proteolytic cleavage, among others established and predicted.

There are common recognition motifs for 14-3-3 proteins that contain a phosphorylated serine or threonine residue; Mode 1 is R[SFYW]XpSXP & Mode 2 RX[SYFWTQAD]Xp(S/T)X[PLM] (where an 'x' can be several, but not all of the 20 amino acids and a lower case 'p' indicates the site of phosphorylation) but also binding to non-phosphorylated ligands has been reported. This interaction occurs along a so called binding groove or cleft that is amphipathic in nature. To date, the crystal structures of six classes of these proteins have been resolved and deposited in the public domain.

14-3-3 proteins play an isoform-specific role in class switch recombination. They are believed to interact with the protein Activation-Induced (Cytidine) Deaminase in mediating class switch recombination.

Phosphorylation of Cdc25C by CDS1 and CHK1 creates a binding site for the 14-3-3 family of phosphoserine binding proteins. Binding of 14-3-3 has little effect on Cdc25C activity, and it is believed that 14-3-3 regulates Cdc25C by sequestering it to the cytoplasm, thereby preventing the interactions with CycB-Cdk1 that are localized to the nucleus at the G2/M transition.^[3]

14-3-3 regulating cell-signalling

Raf-1
Bad - see Bcl-2
Bax
Cdc25
Akt

Human Genes

YWHAB - "14-3-3 beta"
YWHAE - "14-3-3 epsilon"
YWHAG - "14-3-3 gamma"
YWHAH - "14-3-3 eta"
YWHAQ - "14-3-3 tau"
YWHAZ - "14-3-3 zeta"
YWHAS - "14-3-3 sigma"

The 14-3-3 proteins alpha and delta (YWHAA and YWHAD) were found to be equivalent to YWHAB and YWHAZ, respectively.

14-3-3 in plants

Presence of large gene families of 14-3-3 proteins in the Viridiplantae kingdom reflects their essential role in plant physiology. A phylogenetic analysis of 27 plant species clustered the 14-3-3 proteins into four groups.

14-3-3 proteins activate the auto-inhibited plasma membrane P-type H⁺ ATPases. They bind the ATPases' C-terminus at a conserved threonine.^[4]

References

^ T. Obsil, R. Ghirlando, D. C. Klein, S. Ganguly & F. Dyda (April 2001). "Crystal structure of the 14-3-3zeta:serotonin N-acetyltransferase complex. a role for scaffolding in enzyme regulation". Cell 105 (2): 257–267. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00316-6. PMID 11336675.
^ Takahashi H, Iwata T, Kitagawa Y et al. (November 1999). "Increased levels of epsilon and gamma isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 6 (6): 983–5. PMC 95810. PMID 10548598. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC95810/.
^ Cann KL, Hicks GG (2007). "Regulation of the cellular DNA double-strand break response.". Biochem Cell Biol 85 (6): 663–74. doi:10.1139/O07-135. PMID 18059525. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18059525.
^ Thomas P. Jahn, Alexander Schulz, Jan Taipalensuu & Michael Gjedde Palmgren (February 2002). "Post-translational modification of plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase as a requirement for functional complementation of a yeast transport mutant". The Journal of biological chemistry 277 (8): 6353–6358. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109637200. PMID 11744700.

External links

Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_14-3-3_1
Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_14-3-3_2
Eukaryotic Linear Motif resource motif class LIG_14-3-3_3
14-3-3+Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Three-dimensional structure of 14-3-3 Protein Theta (Human) complexed with a peptide in the PDB.
Drosophila 14-3-3epsilon - The Interactive Fly
Drosophila 14-3-3zeta - The Interactive Fly

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病 creutzfeldt jakob disease
2. プリオンによる中枢神経系疾患 diseases of the central nervous system caused by prions
3. 変異型クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病 variant creutzfeldt jakob disease
4. 橋本脳症 hashimotos encephalopathy
5. 脊髄小脳変性症 the spinocerebellar ataxias

English Journal

14-3-3 Proteins in the Regulation of Rotenone-Induced Neurotoxicity Might be via Its Isoform 14-3-3Epsilon's Involvement in Autophagy.

Sai Y, Peng K, Ye F, Zhao X, Zhao Y, Zou Z, Cao J, Dong Z.SourceThe Institute of Toxicology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China, ys2000cn@hotmail.com.
Cellular and molecular neurobiology.Cell Mol Neurobiol.2013 Nov;33(8):1109-21. doi: 10.1007/s10571-013-9977-9. Epub 2013 Sep 4.
14-3-3 proteins have been confirmed to be involved in Parkinson's disease. It has been reported that an increase of 14-3-3 (theta, epsilon, and gamma) expression has neuroprotective effect in response to rotenone and MPP(+) in dopaminergic cell culture and transgenic C. elegans with alpha-synuclein
PMID 24002177

Chronic exposure to light reverses the effect of maternal separation on proteins in the prefrontal cortex.

Dimatelis JJ, Stein DJ, Russell VA.SourceDepartment of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Anzio Road, Cape Town, 7925, South Africa, jacqueline.dimatelis@uct.ac.za.
Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN.J Mol Neurosci.2013 Nov;51(3):835-43. doi: 10.1007/s12031-013-0071-z. Epub 2013 Jul 25.
Animals subjected to maternal separation display behavioural and endocrine disturbances, as well as structural and functional changes in the prefrontal cortex and limbic areas. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of maternal separation and treatment with either chronic constant
PMID 23884545

Propofol induces DNA damage in mouse leukemic monocyte macrophage RAW264.7 cells.

Wu KC, Yang ST, Hsu SC, Chiang JH, Hsia TC, Yang JS, Liu KC, Wu RS, Chung JG.SourceDepartment of Anesthesiology, E-DA Hospital/I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Oncology reports.Oncol Rep.2013 Nov;30(5):2304-10. doi: 10.3892/or.2013.2722. Epub 2013 Sep 5.
Propofol is one of the most widely clinically used intravenous anesthetic, and it induces apoptosis in human and murine leukemia cell lines. Yet, whether propofol causes DNA damage and affects the mRNA expression of repair-associated genes in cancer cells remains undetermined. In the present study,
PMID 24008596

Japanese Journal

27. bZIP 型転写因子と14-3-3 相互作用に対するフシコクシンの影響(口頭発表,植物化学調節学会第47回大会)

千葉光浩,深澤壽太郎,三橋渉,加藤修雄,豊増知伸
植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集 47(Supplement), 44, 2012-10-05
NAID 110009517253

Expression of p53-Regulated Proteins in Human Cultured Lymphoblastoid TSCE5 and WTK1 Cell Lines during Spaceflight

TAKAHASHI Akihisa,SUZUKI Hiromi,OMORI Katsunori,SEKI Masaya,HASHIZUME Toko,SHIMAZU Toru,ISHIOKA Noriaki,OHNISHI Takeo
Journal of Radiation Research 53(2), 168-175, 2012
… After spaceflight, protein expression was analyzed using a PanoramaTM Ab MicroArray protein chips. … It was found that p53-dependent up-regulated proteins in response to space radiations and space environment were MeCP2 (methyl CpG binding protein 2), and Notch1 (Notch homolog 1), respectively. …
NAID 130001876839

48.フシコクシンによる種子発芽促進機構に関する研究(口頭発表)

梅津麻実,深澤壽太郎,山口信次郎,南原英司,神谷勇治,三橋渉,豊増知伸
植物化学調節学会研究発表記録集 (45), 65, 2010-10-01
… FC-A exhibits auxin-like activity on plant cells via the continuous activation of proton ATPase through the formation of a ternary complex consisting of 14-3-3 protein (GRF), and a phosphopeptide from the C-terminus of proton-ATPase. …
NAID 110007767148

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「14-3-3蛋白質」

「14-3-3蛋白質」

14-3-3
	Crystal structure of the 14-3-3 zeta:serotonin N-acetyltransferase complex.
Identifiers
Symbol	14-3-3
Pfam	PF00244
InterPro	IPR000308
SMART	14_3_3
PROSITE	PDOC00633
SCOP	1a4o
SUPERFAMILY	1a4o
Available protein structures:
Pfam	structures
PDB	RCSB PDB; PDBe
PDBsum	structure summary

　　[★]

英: 14-3-3 protein
同: 14-3-3タンパク質
関: クロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病

[show details]

14-3-3タンパク質 : 約 20,900 件
14-3-3タンパク : 42 件
14-3-3蛋白質 : 約 27,100 件
14-3-3蛋白 : 約 24,200 件

細胞周期や細胞死を制御するホスホセリン結合タンパク質ファミリー
脳脊髄液中にクロイツフェルト・ヤコブ病で上昇。神経細胞が急速に破壊される病態(AIDS脳症など)でも上昇。

[0] T. Obsil, R. Ghirlando, D. C. Klein, S. Ganguly & F. Dyda (April 2001). "Crystal structure of the 14-3-3zeta:serotonin N-acetyltransferase complex. a role for scaffolding in enzyme regulation". Cell 105 (2): 257–267. doi:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00316-6. PMID 11336675.

[pmid10548598-1] Takahashi H, Iwata T, Kitagawa Y et al. (November 1999). "Increased levels of epsilon and gamma isoforms of 14-3-3 proteins in cerebrospinal fluid in patients with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease". Clin. Diagn. Lab. Immunol. 6 (6): 983–5. PMC 95810. PMID 10548598. //www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC95810/.

[pmid18059525-2] Cann KL, Hicks GG (2007). "Regulation of the cellular DNA double-strand break response.". Biochem Cell Biol 85 (6): 663–74. doi:10.1139/O07-135. PMID 18059525. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=18059525.

[3] Thomas P. Jahn, Alexander Schulz, Jan Taipalensuu & Michael Gjedde Palmgren (February 2002). "Post-translational modification of plant plasma membrane H(+)-ATPase as a requirement for functional complementation of a yeast transport mutant". The Journal of biological chemistry 277 (8): 6353–6358. doi:10.1074/jbc.M109637200. PMID 11744700.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

14-3-3 protein