WordNet
- arrange or or coil around; "roll your hair around your finger"; "Twine the thread around the spool"; "She wrapped her arms around the child" (同)wrap, roll, twine
- air moving (sometimes with considerable force) from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure; "trees bent under the fierce winds"; "when there is no wind, row"; "the radioactivity was being swept upwards by the air current and out into the atmo (同)air_current, current of air
- a tendency or force that influences events; "the winds of change"
- the act of winding or twisting; "he put the key in the old clock and gave it a good wind" (同)winding, twist
- breath; "the collision knocked the wind out of him"
- empty rhetoric or insincere or exaggerated talk; "thats a lot of wind"; "dont give me any of that jazz" (同)malarkey, malarky, idle words, jazz, nothingness
- extend in curves and turns; "The road winds around the lake"; "the path twisted through the forest" (同)twist, curve
- coil the spring of (some mechanical device) by turning a stem; "wind your watch" (同)wind_up
- a unit of geological time during which a system of rocks formed; "ganoid fishes swarmed during the earlier geological periods" (同)geological period
- (ice hockey) one of three divisions into which play is divided in hockey games
- the end or completion of something; "death put a period to his endeavors"; "a change soon put a period to my tranquility"
- the interval taken to complete one cycle of a regularly repeating phenomenon
- a punctuation mark (.) placed at the end of a declarative sentence to indicate a full stop or after abbreviations; "in England they call a period a stop" (同)point, full_stop, stop, full point
- the time period that is considered best for starting or finishing something; "the expanded window will give us time to catch the thieves"; "they had a window of less than an hour when an attack would have succeeded"
- (computer science) a rectangular part of a computer screen that contains a display different from the rest of the screen
- a framework of wood or metal that contains a glass windowpane and is built into a wall or roof to admit light or air
- a transparent opening in a vehicle that allow vision out of the sides or back; usually is capable of being opened
- a transparent panel (as of an envelope) inserted in an otherwise opaque material
- an opening in a wall or screen that admits light and air and through which customers can be served; "he stuck his head in the window"
- an opening that resembles a window in appearance or function; "he could see them through a window in the trees"
- (Persian folklore) a supernatural being descended from fallen angels and excluded from paradise until penance is done
- a beautiful and graceful girl
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 〈C〉〈U〉《しばしば the wind》『風』 / 〈C〉〈U〉『強風』,暴風 / 〈U〉《the wind》(せんす・扇風機などによる人工的な)『風』,あおり / 〈U〉『息』,呼吸[する力],肺活量 / 〈C〉(風の吹いてくる)方向;《複数形で》方位,方角 / 〈U〉(風で運ばれてくる獲物・狩人などの)におい,臭跡;(…の)予感,気配《+of+名》 / 〈U〉《話》実のない話,むだ話,空言,無意味 / 〈U〉(腸内の)ガス / 《the winds》《集合的に》(オーケストラの)管楽器部,管楽器演奏者 / 〈獲物など〉‘を'においをかぎ出す;〈秘密など〉‘を'かぎつける / (運動などで)…‘を'息切れさせる / 〈特に馬〉‘に'一息入れさせる,一休みさせる
- 《方向を表す副詞[句]を伴って》〈川・道路などが〉『曲がりくねる』,曲がる,うねる / 〈ツタ・蛇などが〉『巻きつく』,絡みつく / 〈板などが〉曲がる,反る / 《通例様態の副詞を伴って》〈時計などが〉巻かれる / 〈糸・ひもなど〉‘を'『巻く』,巻いて玉にする《+up+名》 / (…を)…‘に'巻く,巻きつける《+名+with+名》 / 〈時計にりゅうず・ぜんまいなど〉‘を'巻く《+up+名,+名+up》 / 〈車など〉‘を'曲がりくねって進める,蛇行させる / 〈取っ手など〉‘を'回す;(取っ手などを回して)〈車の壮など〉‘を'巻き上げる(降ろす)《+up(down)+名》 / 巻くこと;(糸などの)一巻き,一回り;曲がり,うねり
- 〈角笛・らっぱなど〉‘を'吹く,‘を'吹き鳴らして合図する
- (あることが続く)『期間』 / (歴史的な)『時代』 / (試合の)『一区切り』,ピリオド / 授業時間,時限: / (循環して起こる現象などの)周期 / (回転運動などの)周期 / 紀(地質時代の区分の一つ;era(代)の下,epoch(世)の上) / 《おもに米》『ピリオド』,終止符(《英》full stop;Mr.,U.S.など略語の符号(.)も含む) / 《複数形で》《文》掉尾(とうび)文(多くの節から成り,論理的に緊密な構成をもっている文) / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》ある時代[特有]の,時代物の / (文の終わりに感嘆詞的に)以上,終わり・月経(期間)
- 『窓』;(銀行などの)窓口;(店の)飾り窓 / 『窓ガラス』(windowpane) / 窓状の物;(封筒のあて名を見えるようにした)窓
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2014/07/29 20:06:02」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
In medicine, the window period for a test designed to detect a specific disease (particularly infectious disease) is the time between first infection and when the test can reliably detect that infection. In antibody-based testing, the window period is dependent on the time taken for seroconversion.
The window period is important to epidemiology and safe sex strategies, and in blood and organ donation, because during this time, an infected person or animal cannot be detected as infected but may still be able to infect others. For this reason, the most effective disease-prevention strategies combine testing with a waiting period longer than the test's window period.
Examples
- The window period for HIV may be up to six months, depending on the test method and other factors.[1][2]
- Hepatitis B: During the window period (or equivalence zone) of Hepatitis B, both serological markers HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) and Anti-HBs (antibody against HBsAg) are negative (which is due to the fact that, although there are Anti-HBs antibodies present, they are actively bound to the HBsAg). Other serological markers, IgM (antibody) against HBc can be positive at this point.[3]
See also
- Incubation period, the time between infection and the appearance of symptoms
References
- ^ "HIV/AIDS Facts". Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
- ^ "HIV Test Window Periods". San Francisco AIDS Foundation. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
- ^ p. 168, "Hepatitis serologic markers", Le, Tao, Bhushan, Vikas, Rao Deepak (2008). First Aid for the USMLE STEP 1. New York: McGraw Hill Medical. ISBN 978-0-07-149868-5. , p.1943 "Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine ed.17th"
UpToDate Contents
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English Journal
- Six-week follow-up after HIV-1 exposure: a position statement from the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy.
- Gaines H1,2,3, Albert J4,5,6, Axelsson M1, Berglund T1, Gisslén M6,7, Sönnerborg A3,5,6,8, Blaxhult A9, Bogdanovic G5, Brytting M1, Carlander C6,10, Flamholc L6,11, Follin P12, Haggar A13, Hagstam P14, Johansson M15, Navér L6,16,17, Persson Blom J18, Samuelson A5, Ström H13, Sundqvist M19, Svedhem Johansson V3, Tegmark Wisell K1, Tegnell A1, Thorstensson R1.
- Infectious diseases (London, England).Infect Dis (Lond).2016 Feb;48(2):93-8. doi: 10.3109/23744235.2015.1089593. Epub 2015 Sep 28.
- In 2014 the Public Health Agency of Sweden and the Swedish Reference Group for Antiviral Therapy (RAV) conducted a review and analysis of the state of knowledge on the duration of follow-up after exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Up until then a follow-up of 12 weeks after exposure had
- PMID 26414596
- Truncated seasonal activity patterns of the western blacklegged tick (Ixodes pacificus) in central and southern California.
- MacDonald AJ1, Briggs CJ2.
- Ticks and tick-borne diseases.Ticks Tick Borne Dis.2016 Feb;7(1):234-42. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2015.10.016. Epub 2015 Oct 25.
- Patterns of seasonal activity and density of host-seeking western blacklegged ticks, Ixodes pacificus, were investigated in central and southern California. Weekly to monthly drag sampling was undertaken at two sites in Santa Barbara County and one site in Los Angeles County over multiple years. Adu
- PMID 26564403
- Monitoring utilizations of amino acids and vitamins in culture media and Chinese hamster ovary cells by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
- Qiu J1, Chan PK2, Bondarenko PV2.
- Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis.J Pharm Biomed Anal.2016 Jan 5;117:163-72. doi: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.08.036. Epub 2015 Aug 29.
- Monitoring amino acids and vitamins is important for understanding human health, food nutrition and the culture of mammalian cells used to produce therapeutic proteins in biotechnology. A method including ion pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed an
- PMID 26355770
Japanese Journal
- 冠動脈MRIにおける自動関心領域設定および静止相判別手法の検討 (医用画像)
- 尾形 尚敏,佐藤 哲大,岡田 知久 [他]
- 電子情報通信学会技術研究報告 = IEICE technical report : 信学技報 113(410), 269-274, 2014-01-26
- NAID 40019984002
- 性分化と脳分化における臨界期の役割:ダイオキシン次世代影響解析を通したアプローチ
- 山田 英之,武田 知起,古賀 貴之,石井 祐次
- YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 134(4), 529-535, 2014
- … The sexual differentiation of animal fetuses and infants needs stimuli by sex steroids, which are produced in their own gonads, during a short window ('critical period') of pre- and post-natal periods. … We have provided evidence that such disorders are evoked, if not all, from a transient reduction in the gonadal synthesis of sex steroids in fetuses/infants during the critical period. …
- NAID 130003391201
- Oscillatory interaction between amygdala and hippocampus coordinates behavioral modulation based on reward expectation
- Terada Satoshi,Takahashi Susumu,Sakurai Yoshio
- Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience 7, 2013-12-03
- … It also is a period of heightened sensation seeking, including risk taking and reckless behaviors, which is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among teenagers. … In this perspective, thrill seeking may not represent a danger but rather a window of opportunities permitting the development of cognitive control through multiple experiences. …
- NAID 120005349005
Related Links
- ウインドーピリオド【window period】とは。意味や解説。HIV(エイズウイルス)の感染後、検査をしても6~8週間は感染を証明できない期間のこと。空白期間。 - goo辞書は国語、英和、和英、中国語、百科事典等からまとめて探せる辞書 ...
- Window Period Infectious disease The period during which a pathogen can be detected in a patient specimen by nucleic acid testing, but not by serology, as the patient’s immune system has not yet responded to the pathogen by ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- window period
定義
NATのウインドウ期
血清学的ウインドウ期
- 血清学的な検査で「陽性」と判定できる状態になるまでの期間
ウインドウ期と感染
- 病原体を含む血液が献血に供されたとき、輸血者に感染するリスクが生じる。
- 例えば、HIV感染症の急性期においてはウイルス量は急に増えるためRT-PCRで検出可能であるが、抗HIV-1抗体の増加には時間がかかるためPA方あるいはEIA法などでは検出されない。従って、抗体抗原反応による検査方法ではRT-PCR法よりウインドウ期が長くなる
[★]
- 関
- ambient、around、circumferential、surrounding
[★]
- 関
- duration、phase、stage、term、time
[★]
- 関
- flatus
[★]
- 関
- fenestrae