WordNet

first or beginning; "the memorable opening bars of Beethovens Fifth"; "the plays opening scene"
opportunity especially for employment or promotion; "there is an opening in the sales department"
a recognized sequence of moves at the beginning of a game of chess; "he memorized all the important chess openings" (同)chess opening
a vacant or unobstructed space that is man-made; "they left a small opening for the cat at the bottom of the door"
becoming open or being made open; "the opening of his arms was the sign I was waiting for"
the act of opening something; "the ray of light revealed his cautious opening of the door"
an open or empty space in or between things; "there was a small opening between the trees"; "the explosion made a gap in the wall" (同)gap
the first performance (as of a theatrical production); "the opening received good critical reviews" (同)opening_night, curtain raising
a ceremony accompanying the start of some enterprise
the initial part of the introduction; "the opening established the basic theme"
ride or float on an inflated tube; "We tubed down the river on a hot summer day"
conduit consisting of a long hollow object (usually cylindrical) used to hold and conduct objects or liquids or gases (同)tubing
electronic device consisting of a system of electrodes arranged in an evacuated glass or metal envelope (同)vacuum_tube, thermionic vacuum tube, thermionic_tube, electron_tube, thermionic_valve
(anatomy) any hollow cylindrical body structure (同)tube-shaped structure
convey in a tube; "inside Paris, they used to tube mail"
place or enclose in a tube
provide with a tube or insert a tube into
the amount that a tub will hold; "a tub of water" (同)tubful
a large open vessel for holding or storing liquids (同)vat
a qualified accountant who inspects the accounting records and practices of a business or other organization
a student who attends a course but does not take it for credit

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈C〉(森・垣根・壁などの)空いている所;空き地;すき間,穴 / 〈C〉(物語・会議などの)始め,出だし,冒頭(beginning) / 〈C〉(…の地位の)空き,就職口《+『for』(『at, in』)+『名』》(vacant) / 〈C〉(劇などの)初演 / 〈U〉(…が)開くこと,あくこと《+『of』+『名』》 / 〈C〉(…の)よい機会,好機《+『for』+『名』》 / 初めの,開始の
(金属・ガラス・ゴムなどの)管,筒 / (絵の具・歯みがきなどの)チューブ / 《米》(列車・地下鉄の)トンネル / 《英》地下鉄(《米》subway) / (ラジオ・テレビなどの)真空管(vacuum tube) / (動植物の)管状器官
《所有・所属》…『の』,…のものである,…に属する・《材料・要素》…『でできた』,から成る・《部分》…『の』[『中の』] ・《数量・単位・種類を表す名詞に付いて》…の・《原因・動機》…『で』,のために(because of) ・《主格関係》…『の』,による,によって・《目的格関係》…『を』,の・《同格関係》…『という』・《関係・関連》…『についての』[『の』],の点で・《抽象名詞などと共に》…の[性質をもつ] ・《『It is』+『形』+『of』+『名』+『to』 doの形で,ofの後の名詞を意味上の主語として》・《分離》…『から』・《起原・出所》…『から』[『の』](out of) ・《『名』+『of』+『a』(『an』)+『名』の形で》…のような・《『名』+『of』+『mine』(『yours, his』など独立所有格)の形で》…の…・《時》(1)《副詞句を作って》…に《形容詞句を作って》…の・《時刻》《米》…前(to,《米》before)
『おけ』,たらい / 《話》'bath 2 / (また tubful)おけ1杯[の量](の…)《+of+名》 / 《話》のろくてぶかっこうな船;《俗》でぶ,太っちょ
《まれ》聞き手,傍聴人 / 会計検査官,監査役 / 《米》(大学で単位を取らない)聴講生

UpToDate Contents

全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.

1. 小児に対する中耳腔換気用チューブ留置、術後ケア、および合併症の概要overview of tympanostomy tube placement postoperative care and complications in children [show details]
… appropriate for most children. Short-term tubes – Short-term (grommet) tubes are intended to remain in the tympanic membrane (TM) for 4 to 18 months. They have flanges on the inner and outer surfaces that span either …
2. 耳鳴の病因および診断etiology and diagnosis of tinnitus [show details]
… examination and evaluation of the tympanic membrane, should be performed in all patients. Palatal myoclonus may be suppressed upon wide jaw opening; thus,… Known neural feedback loops act to help tune and reinforce auditory memory in the central auditory cortex. Disruption of auditory input or the feedback loop may lead… rapid pulsations may also result from myoclonus of the palatal muscles that attach to the Eustachian tube orifice. Myoclonus of the palatal muscles most often is caused by an underlying neurologic abnormality …
3. 小児における耳痛の評価evaluation of earache in children [show details]
… Eustachian tube dysfunction, defined as a failure of the functional valve of the Eustachian tube to open and/or close properly, is a fairly common cause of ear discomfort. Eustachian tube dysfunction… The cardinal symptom of acute otitis externa is pain and tenderness localized to the auditory meatus .… appear swollen, red, or macerated. A thick and sometimes malodorous discharge may be present. The tympanic membrane (TM) may appear red, but in cases of isolated otitis externa, there should be no fluid …
4. 小児における滲出性（漿液性）中耳炎：マネージメントotitis media with effusion serous otitis media in children management [show details]
… tympanic membrane perforation, or cerumen impaction; and Type "C" indicates Eustachian tube dysfunction. "Tympanostomy tube," "ventilating tube,"… largely by the auditory deprivation associated with mild hearing loss for six to nine months (the period during which the primary benefit of tympanostomy tubes is expected); however,…
5. 成人における難聴の病因etiology of hearing loss in adults [show details]
… until the eustachian tube is forced open. On descent, ambient pressure exceeds middle ear pressure until swallowing opens the eustachian tube.… comprising the tympanic membrane (TM), ossicles, and the middle ear space; The inner ear, comprising the cochlea, semicircular canals, and internal auditory canals; Anatomically,…

English Journal

Was Cheselden's One-Century-Long Otological Writings Concordant With His Time?

Corrales CE1, Mudry A.
Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.Otol Neurotol.2015 Aug;36(7):1290-4. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000693.
William Cheselden's famous anatomical treatise spanned the entire 18th century period with its 15 editions. The aim of this study is to analyze the otological knowledge described in all these editions, to identify key 18th century otological advancements, and to study their concordance.In the first
PMID 25522200

Site of eustachian tube obstruction in chronic ear disease.

Tarabichi M1, Najmi M1.
The Laryngoscope.Laryngoscope.2015 May 9. doi: 10.1002/lary.25330. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: Assess the patency of the proximal and distal segments of the Eustachian tube in patients undergoing surgery for chronic ear disease.STUDY DESIGN: Case study with control group.METHODS: All consecutive patients presenting for surgery for chronic ear disease in our practice over 14 months
PMID 25958818

Quantitative description of eustachian tube movements during swallowing as visualized by transnasal videoendoscopy.

Alper CM1, Teixeira MS1, Swarts JD1, Doyle WJ1.
JAMA otolaryngology-- head & neck surgery.JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg.2015 Feb;141(2):160-8. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2014.3002.
IMPORTANCE: Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction predisposes ears to otitis media, tympanic membrane retraction, retraction pocket and perforation, or cholesteatoma.OBJECTIVE: To develop a method to quantitatively measure the eustachian tube (ET) component movements and their interactions captured by tr
PMID 25474183

Japanese Journal

Aeration of the tympanomastoid cavity and eustachian tube function.

大久保仁,小山澄子,奥野秀次,石川紀彦,臼居洋行,三宅一範,宮坂宏江,徐柔笛
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 83(2), 217-225, 1990
… The degree of opening and closing of the eustachian tube varied with changes in body position. …
NAID 130001811483

O2 tension changes in the tympanic cavity and role of the capillary strucutre in human mastoid cells.

大久保仁,渡辺建介,原田宏美,寺邑公子,小山澄子,石川紀彦,小川明,羽成敬一,渡辺渤
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 80(10), 1521-1527, 1987
… Respiratory activity (gas metabolism) of the middle ear cavity (including the mastoid cells) plays an important role in ventilation by opening and closing the auditory tube in a normobaric environment. …
NAID 130001810417

滲出性中耳炎の点耳逆通気療法について (三吉康郎教授開講20周年記念論文集)

豊田厚二,木村知郎
耳鼻咽喉科臨床 74(5special), 1285-1290, 1981
… As one of the local treatments of intractable cases of exudative otitis media, a method consisting of ear instillation and reverse politzerisation was proved to be effective.A total of 297 ears of 200 patients were encountered by the authors. …
NAID 130001814312