WordNet

make ones way by force; "He muscled his way into the office"
animal tissue consisting predominantly of contractile cells (同)muscular_tissue
one of the contractile organs of the body (同)musculus
authority or power or force (especially when used in a coercive way); "the senators used their muscle to get the party leader to resign"

PrepTutorEJDIC

〈U〉(動物体の組織としての)『筋肉』,筋(きん);〈C〉(体の各部を動かす)筋肉 / 〈U〉力,(特に)筋力,腕力 / 《俗に》(…に)強引に割り込む《+『in on』(『into, through』)+『名』》
筋肉の,筋力のある / 力ずくの

Wikipedia preview

出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2016/06/20 01:34:27」(JST)

wiki en

The stapedius is the smallest skeletal muscle in the human body. At just over one millimeter in length, its purpose is to stabilize the smallest bone in the body, the stapes.

Structure

The stapedius emerges from a pinpoint foramen in the apex of the pyramidal eminence (a hollow, cone-shaped prominence in the posterior wall of the tympanic cavity), and inserts into the neck of the stapes.^[1] ^:863

Innervation

The stapedius is innervated by the nerve to stapedius, a branch of the facial nerve.^[1] ^:863

Function

The stapedius dampens the vibrations of the stapes by pulling on the neck of that bone.^[1] ^:863 It prevents excess movement of the stapes, helping to control the amplitude of sound waves from the general external environment to the inner ear. The stapedius muscle dampens the ability of the stapes vibration and protects the inner ear from high noise levels, primarily the volume of your own voice.

Clinical relevance

Paralysis of the stapedius, such as an injury to the facial nerve (CN VII) distal to the geniculate ganglion prior to its branch to stapedius muscle (which would also cause Bell's Palsy), allows wider oscillation of the stapes, resulting in heightened reaction of the auditory ossicles to sound vibration. This condition, known as hyperacusis, causes normal sounds to be perceived as very loud.^{[citation needed]}

Evolutionary variation

Like the stapes bone to which it attaches, the stapedius muscle shares evolutionary history with other vertebrate structures.

The mammalian stapedius evolved from a muscle called the depressor mandibulae in other tetrapods, the function of which was to open the jaws (this function was taken over by the digastric muscle in mammals). The depressor mandibulae arose from the levator operculi in bony fish, and is equivalent to the epihyoidean in sharks. Like the stapedius, all of these muscles derive from the hyoid arch and are innervated by cranial nerve VII.^[2]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.
^ Kardong, Kenneth V. (1995). Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution. McGraw-Hill. pp. 55, 57. ISBN 0-697-21991-7.

External links

409665614 at GPnotebook

UpToDate Contents

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1. 筋力低下の評価における筋力検査 muscle examination in the evaluation of weakness
2. 筋力低下患者へのアプローチ approach to the patient with muscle weakness
3. 慢性閉塞性肺疾患（COPD）における呼吸筋のトレーニングおよび安静 respiratory muscle training and resting in copd
4. 救急外来における急性の筋力低下を訴える成人の評価 evaluation of the adult with acute weakness in the emergency department
5. 糖尿病性筋梗塞 diabetic muscle infarction

English Journal

Ultrastructure of Spines and Associated Terminals on Brainstem Neurons Controlling Auditory Input.

Christian Brown M, Lee DJ, Benson TE.SourceEaton-Peabody Laboratory, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, and; Department of Otology and Laryngology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA. Electronic address: Chris_Brown@meei.harvard.edu.
Brain research.Brain Res.2013 Apr 18. pii: S0006-8993(13)00533-7. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2013.04.020. [Epub ahead of print]
Spines are unique cellular appendages that isolate synaptic input to neurons and play a role in synaptic plasticity. Using the electron microscope, we studied spines and their associated synaptic terminals on three groups of brainstem neurons: tensor tympani motoneurons, stapedius motoneurons, and m
PMID 23602963

High-Resolution Computed Tomographic Features of the Stapedius Muscle and Facial Nerve in Chronic Otitis Media.

Fang Y, Meyer J, Chen B.Source*Department of Otology and Skull Base Surgery, Eye Ear Nose and Throat Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; and †Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology.Otol Neurotol.2013 Apr 17. [Epub ahead of print]
OBJECTIVE: To improve preoperative recognition of the morphologic features of stapedius muscle and facial nerve in cases of chronic otitis media by providing a systemized description using temporal bone high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT).STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective review of HRCT scans from
PMID 23598695

Middle ear myoclonus: two informative cases and a systematic discussion of myogenic tinnitus.

Ellenstein A, Yusuf N, Hallett M.SourceDepartment of Neurology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States of America.
Tremor and other hyperkinetic movements (New York, N.Y.).Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y).2013 Apr 15;3. pii: tre-03-103-3713-1. Print 2013.
BACKGROUND: THE TERM MIDDLE EAR MYOCLONUS (MEM) HAS BEEN INVOKED TO EXPLAIN SYMPTOMS OF TINNITUS PRESUMABLY CAUSED BY THE DYSFUNCTIONAL MOVEMENT OF EITHER OF THE TWO MUSCLES THAT INSERT IN THE MIDDLE EAR: tensor tympani and stapedius. MEM has been characterized through heterogeneous case reports in
PMID 23610741

Japanese Journal

アブミ骨筋の生理と機能

耳鼻咽喉科臨床 102(7), 505-513, 2009-07-01
NAID 10025096507

耳小骨機能模型の製作

解剖學雜誌 84(2), 41-46, 2009-06-01
NAID 10025686059

顔面神経管とアブミ骨上部構造の固着を伴った先天性耳小骨奇形

Otology Japan 19(1), 59-63, 2009-03-25
NAID 10025822362

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「アブミ骨筋」「あぶみ骨筋」
関連記事	「stapedius」「muscle」

「アブミ骨筋」

Stapedius
	Malleus Tensor Tympani Incus Stapedius Labyrinth Stapes Auditory Canal Tympanic Membrane; (Ear Drum) Eustachian Tube Tympanic cavity Bones and muscles in the tympanic cavity in the middle ear
	The medial wall and part of the posterior and anterior walls of the right tympanic cavity, lateral view.
Details
Origin	Walls of pyramidal eminence
Insertion	Neck of stapes
Artery	Stapedial branch of posterior auricular artery
Nerve	Facial nerve (nerve to stapedius)
Actions	Control the amplitude of sound waves to the inner ear
Identifiers
Latin	Musculus stapedius
Dorlands; /Elsevier	m_22/12550929
TA	A15.3.02.062
FMA	49027
	Anatomical terms of muscle [edit on Wikidata]

　　[★]

英: stapedius (K), stapedius muscle
ラ: musculus stapedius
関: 顔面神経、耳小骨、アブミ骨筋反射、鼓膜張筋

起始

鼓室後壁の錐体隆起

停止

アブミ骨骨頭

神経

顔面神経

機能

伝音効率をさげる。

発生

第二鰓弓

臨床関連

アブミ骨筋麻痺 (M.537)

聴覚過敏

アブミ骨筋反射検査

「あぶみ骨筋」

　　[★]

英: stapedius、stapedius muscle
関: アブミ骨筋

「stapedius」

　　[★]

アブミ骨筋、あぶみ骨筋

関: stapedius muscle

「muscle」

　　[★]

n.

筋肉

[GRAYS2005-1] Drake, Richard L.; Vogl, Wayne; Tibbitts, Adam W.M. Mitchell; illustrations by Richard; Richardson, Paul (2005). Gray's anatomy for students. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone. ISBN 978-0-8089-2306-0.

[kardong-2] Kardong, Kenneth V. (1995). Vertebrates: comparative anatomy, function, evolution. McGraw-Hill. pp. 55, 57. ISBN 0-697-21991-7.

匿名

検索

案内

案内

stapedius muscle