- 同
- 硬直、強剛、固縮、強直
- this type of dysfunction is caused by lesions of the basal ganglia, most commonly the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.
WordNet
- the physical property of being stiff and resisting bending (同)rigidness
- with pain or distress or bitterness; "he took the rejection very hard"
- (of light) transmitted directly from a pointed light source (同)concentrated
- with firmness; "held hard to the railing" (同)firmly
- very strong or vigorous; "strong winds"; "a hard left to the chin"; "a knockout punch"; "a severe blow" (同)knockout, severe
- causing great damage or hardship; "industries hit hard by the depression"; "she was severely affected by the banks failure" (同)severely
- being distilled rather than fermented; having a high alcoholic content; "hard liquor" (同)strong
- unfortunate or hard to bear; "had hard luck"; "a tough break" (同)tough
- (of speech sounds); produced with the back of the tongue raised toward or touching the velum; "Russian distinguished between hard consonants and palatalized or soft consonants"
- dispassionate; "took a hard look"; "a hard bargainer";
- dried out; "hard dry rolls left over from the day before"
- earnestly or intently; "thought hard about it"; "stared hard at the accused"
- into a solid condition; "concrete that sets hard within a few hours"
- resisting weight or pressure
- slowly and with difficulty; "prejudices die hard"
- to the full extent possible; all the way; "hard alee"; "the ship went hard astern"; "swung the wheel hard left"
- very near or close in space or time; "it stands hard by the railroad tracks"; "they were hard on his heels"; "a strike followed hard upon the plants opening"
- with effort or force or vigor; "the team played hard"; "worked hard all day"; "pressed hard on the lever"; "hit the ball hard"; "slammed the door hard"
- relating to or being the keynote of a major or minor scale; "tonic harmony"
- a medicine that strengthens and invigorates (同)restorative
- (music) the first note of a diatonic scale (同)keynote
- lime- or lemon-flavored carbonated water containing quinine (同)tonic_water, quinine water
- used of syllables; "a tonic syllables carries the main stress in a word" (同)accented
- employing variations in pitch to distinguish meanings of otherwise similar words; "Chinese is a tonal language" (同)tonal
- of or relating to or producing normal tone or tonus in muscles or tissue; "a tonic reflex"; "tonic muscle contraction"
- firm resoluteness in purpose or opinion or action; "a charming host without any touch of stiffness or pomposity"
- the physical property of being inflexible and hard to bend
- the property of moving with pain or difficulty; "he awoke with a painful stiffness in his neck"
- the coefficient of elasticity for a shearing force
PrepTutorEJDIC
- 三いこと,硬直 / 厳格;厳密,厳正
- (物体が)『堅い』,(手触りが)堅固な,しっかりした / 『難しい』,努力を要する / 《名詞の前にのみ用いて》(人が)『精力的な』,勤勉な / 激しい,猛烈な / (生活などが)耐え難い,つらい / (季節・天候などが)厳しい;(雨・風などが)激しい / (人が)厳格な;(行為などが)容赦しない,無情な / (方針・条件などが)妥協(譲歩)しない,厳しい / (感情が)うらみを含む,憤然とした / (体が)筋肉質の,がんじょうな / (紙幣に対して)硬貨の,(小切手などに対して)現金の;(貨幣が)容易に兌換(だかん)できる / (子音が)硬音の(c,gがcome, goのように[k],[g]と発音される) / アルコール分の多い / (水が)硬質の / (エックス線が)透過能力が大きい / 一生懸命に,『熱心に』 / 『強く』,激しく,大いに / やっと,かろうじて / 『堅く』 / ひどく悲んで / 接近して
- 強壮剤;養毛剤,ヘアトニック / (精神的に)元気付けるもの / =tonic water / 主音(音階の中心となる第1音) / 強壮にする,元気付ける / 音調の / (音楽で)主音の
- 堅いこと;硬直;堅苦しいこと
Wikipedia preview
出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)』「2018/02/02 17:17:04」(JST)
[Wiki en表示]
Not to be confused with Rigor.
|
Look up rigidity or rigid in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. |
Rigid or rigidity may refer to:
Mathematics and physics
- Stiffness, the property of a solid body to resist deformation, which is sometimes referred to as rigidity
- Structural rigidity, a mathematical theory of the stiffness of ensembles of rigid objects connected by hinges
- Rigidity (electromagnetism), the resistance of a charged particle to deflection by a magnetic field
- Rigidity (mathematics), a property of a collection of mathematical objects (for instance sets or functions)
- Rigid body, in physics, a simplification of the concept of an object to allow for modelling
- Rigid transformation, in mathematics, a rigid transformation preserves distances between every pair of points
Medicine
- Rigidity (neurology), an increase in muscle tone leading to a resistance to passive movement throughout the range of motion
- Rigidity (psychology), an obstacle to problem solving which arises from over-dependence on prior experiences
Other uses
- Real rigidity, and nominal rigidity, the resistance of prices and wages to marketchanges in macroeconomics
- Ridgid, a brand of tools
UpToDate Contents
全文を閲覧するには購読必要です。 To read the full text you will need to subscribe.
English Journal
- Room temperature phosphorescence study on the structural flexibility of single tryptophan containing proteins.
- Kowalska-Baron A1, Gałęcki K2, Wysocki S2.
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2015 Jan 5;134:380-7. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.122. Epub 2014 Jul 4.
- In this study, we have undertaken efforts to find correlation between phosphorescence lifetimes of single tryptophan containing proteins and some structural indicators of protein flexibility/rigidity, such as the degree of tryptophan burial or its exposure to solvent, protein secondary and tertiary
- PMID 25025310
- Al2O3 influence on structural, elastic, thermal properties of Yb(3+) doped Ba-La-tellurite glass: evidence of reduction in self-radiation trapping at 1μm emission.
- Balaji S1, Biswas K2, Sontakke AD2, Gupta G2, Ghosh D2, Annapurna K3.
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 Dec 10;133:318-25. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.113. Epub 2014 May 29.
- Ba-La-tellurite glasses doped with Yb(3+) ions have been prepared through melt quenching technique by modifying their composition with the inclusion of varied concentration of Al2O3 to elucidate its effects on glass structural, elastic, thermal properties and Yb(3+) ion NIR luminescence performance.
- PMID 24954756
- Lovastatin for the adjunctive treatment of schizophrenia: A preliminary randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
- Ghanizadeh A1, Rezaee Z2, Dehbozorgi S2, Berk M3, Akhondzadeh S4.
- Psychiatry research.Psychiatry Res.2014 Nov 30;219(3):431-5. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.06.039. Epub 2014 Jun 27.
- While statins target many of the pathways to neuroprogression in schizophrenia, the safety and efficacy of statins for treating schizophrenia has never been examined. This is an 8-week randomized double blind controlled clinical trial examining the efficacy and safety of adjunctive lovastatin (20mg/
- PMID 25017614
- Spectral studies on a series of metal ion complexes derived from pyrimidine nucleus, TEM, biological and γ-irradiation effect.
- Al-Ashqer S1, Abou-Melha KS2, Al-Hazmi GA3, Saad FA1, El-Metwaly NM4.
- Spectrochimica acta. Part A, Molecular and biomolecular spectroscopy.Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc.2014 Nov 11;132:751-61. doi: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.05.084. Epub 2014 Jun 12.
- A series of thiouracil complexes was prepared, all the prepared compounds are investigated by all possible tools. The ligand coordinates towards two central atoms as a neutral hexadentate mode. The octahedral structure was proposed with Ni(II), Pt(IV) and UO2(II) complexes. Square-pyramidal and squa
- PMID 24956491
Japanese Journal
- Dynamical rigidity of stochastic Coulomb systems in infinite-dimensions (確率論シンポジウム : RIMS研究集会報告集)
- 車体剛性と乗り心地を向上する吊手棒の開発 (特集 車両技術)
- 瀧上 唯夫,富岡 隆弘,相田 健一郎 [他]
- 鉄道総研報告 = RTRI report : 鉄道総合技術論文誌 28(7), 23-28, 2014-07
- NAID 40020147490
- Classification and rigidity of self-shrinkers in the mean curvature flow
- LI Haizhong,WEI Yong
- Journal of the Mathematical Society of Japan 66(3), 709-734, 2014-07
- NAID 40020129985
- せん断パネルダンパーの設計式に関する一考察 その2 せん断パネルダンパーの最適スチフナ曲げ剛性比について
- 玉井 宏章,妹尾 文貴
- 長崎大学大学院工学研究科研究報告 44(83), 36-43, 2014-07
- … Chusilp and Usami proposed an optimum stiffener flexural rigidity ratio, which defines the stiffener's sectional properties in which subpanels divided by stiffeners reach shear buckling before the panel undergoes overall shear buckling. … The torsional rigidity of the stiffener is not taken into account in the analysis. … Hence, we derived an equation for the shear buckling eigen value problem considering the effect of the stiffener's torsional rigidity from the principle of virtual work. …
- NAID 120005457089
Related Links
- Cogwheel rigidity Decorticate rigidity Modulus of rigidity ... Video of cogwheel ri... Formula for modulus ... Modulus rigidity tab... Rigidity in psycholo... Nearby Words rightsest rightside out rightside up rightsize rightthinking righty ...
- rigidity in Japanese English Dictionary Tangorin. ... きょうごうせい (kyougousei) kyougousei (きょうごうせい) 【 強剛性 】 rigidity © Life Science Dictionary by Shuji Kaneko. きょうちょく (kyouchoku) kyouchoku (きょうちょく) 【 強直】
- Definition of RIGIDITY 1: the quality or state of being rigid 2: one that is rigid (as in form or conduct) Examples of RIGIDITY <sometimes the rigidity of the headmaster's discipline was deemed excessive by even much of the faculty> ...
Related Pictures
★リンクテーブル★
[★]
- 英
- Huntington disease
- 同
- ハンチントン舞踏病 Huntington chorea Huntington's chorea
- 関
- 錐体外路症候群、大脳基底核疾患
概念
- うつ、進行性痴呆(progressive dementia)、舞踏運動(choreiform movements)、尾状核の萎縮(caudate atrophy)
- 脳のGABA↓、ACh↓
- トリプレットリピート病
- 難病であり、特定疾患治療研究事業の対象疾患
疫学
- (有病率?)欧米では4-8/10万人、日本では1/10万人 (HBN.971)
- 発病する家系の20-50歳で発症。(他の文献では30-40歳代)
- 25-45歳で発症。有病率は2-8人/10万人。(HIM.2561)
病因
- 第4染色体短腕(4p15)に座乗するハンチントン遺伝子のエキソンに存在するCAGリピートの異常反復。正常では7~34回。ハンチントン病では36回以上
遺伝
病理
- 線条体(特に尾状核)・大脳皮質(特に前頭葉・側頭葉)の萎縮 → 尾状核の萎縮は不随意運動、大脳皮質の萎縮は認知症に繋がるのであろう
- 小型のニューロンの脱落が大型のニューロンに先行している。GABA作動性ニューロンの脱落が顕著である。線維性のグリオーシスが他の疾患で見られるニューロン脱落後のそれよりも顕著。線条体の変性とmotor symptomsの間には相関が見られる。皮質や線条体ニューロンでは核内にユビキチン化されたハンチントン蛋白の封入体が認められる。(BPT.895)
症状
<youtube>http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzAPh2v-SCQ</youtube>
診断
検査
CT
- 側脳室の外側に存在する尾状核の萎縮により側脳室の拡大が認められる。
MRI
- FLAIRでは尾状核と被殻に異常な高信号が認められる。
治療
- HIM.2562
予後
- 発症後10-20年で感染症、窒息(嚥下困難)で死亡する(YN.J-122)
参考
- http://www.mypacs.net/cases/HUNTINGTONS-DISEASE-12726430.html
- http://www.nanbyou.or.jp/entry/318
- http://www.nanbyou.or.jp/upload_files/092_s.pdf
[★]
- 英
- Parkinson disease Parkinson's disease PD
- 同
- Parkinson病
- 振戦麻痺 paralysis agitans shaking palsy、特発性パーキンソニズム idiopathic parkinsonism
- 関
- 症候性パーキソニズム、定位脳手術
疫学
- 50-60歳のに発症
- 有病率は10万人対約100人
病因
病理
- 黒質線条体系のドーパミン欠如が成因に関与している (SPC.9)
- 黒質緻密部メラニン含有細胞の変性萎縮減少と残像神経細胞の細胞内にレビー小体が出現する。レビー小体 Lewy小体
- 障害部位およびレビー小体の出現部位:黒質緻密部、迷走神経背側運動核、交感神経心臓枝の節後線維、嗅球、青斑核、縫線核、マイネルト基底核、扁桃核。 (HBN.938)
- 時にレビー小体が大脳皮質に出現。(HBN.938)
病態生理
- 脳の神経細胞は加齢により減少。
- パーキンソン病では減少が早く著しい
- ↓
- 黒質ドパミン神経細胞が変性脱落し、ドパミンを十分合成できない。
- 線条体コリン神経が優位
症状
- 安静時振戦 rest tremor
- 固縮 rigidity
- 無動 akinesia ← 動作緩慢 bradykinesia と記述される場合もある (HIM.2550)
- 姿勢保持反射障害 postual instability
- 2. 精神障害 認知症、うつ病、神経心理学障害
- 3. 自律神経障害 便秘、起立性低血圧、流涎(リュウゼン)、排尿障害、脂漏
症状の頻度
- 振戦 58.2%
- 歩行障害 24.0%
- 動作緩慢 20.9%
症状の初発
- 振戦 > 歩行障害、固縮、無動
- すくみ足や姿勢反射障害で発症することはない
病因
- 若年性Perkinson病、家族性慢性優性遺伝型Perkinson病
- 1. Parkin遺伝子の異常、1998年
- chr6にあるパーキン遺伝子の変異
- パーキンはユビキチンリガーゼの一種
- パーキンの変異でパエル受容体が異常蓄積
- 2. α-synclein遺伝子の異常、1998年
- chr4上のα-synuclein gene
- リン酸、αシヌクレイン異常蓄積
- ドパミン神経細胞師を引き起こす
- 除草剤パラコート、園芸用殺虫剤マンネブ、天然系殺虫剤ロテノン
治療
薬物療法
薬物治療の副作用
その他
症状
- these various motor impediments and tremors characteristically begin in one limb (more often the left) and spread to one side and later to both sides until the patient is quite helpless.(APN.1036) 片側性で始まる
国試
[★]
- 英
- akinesia
- 同?
- 無動、寡動、無動症、アキネジア
- 無動症
- 関
- 動作緩慢
[show details]
無動 : 約 73,700 件
寡動 : 約 6,190 件
無動症 : 約 12,900 件
運動不能 : 約 5,910 件
アキネジア : 約 399 件
[★]
- 英
- peritonitis
- 関
- 腹膜
|
sensitivity(%)
|
specificity(%)
|
positive likehood ratio
|
garding
|
13~69
|
56~97
|
2.6
|
rigidity
|
6~31
|
96~100
|
5.1
|
rebound tenderness
|
40~95
|
20~89
|
2.1
|
rectal tenderness
|
20~53
|
41~96
|
n.s.
|
positive abdominal wall tenderness test
|
1~5
|
32~72
|
0.1
|
国試
[★]
- 関
- analeptic、ankylosing、ankylosis、ankylotic、catatonic、continuous、continuously、insurmountable、long-lasting、permanent、persistent、persistently、persisting、repository、rigidity、sustained、tetanic、tetanize、tetany、tonically
[★]
錐体外路性筋強直
- 関
- cogwheel rigidity、gegenhalten、muscle rigidity、muscular rigidity、nuchal rigidity