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出典(authority):フリー百科事典『ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』「2015/03/27 10:10:25」(JST)

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Protoporphyrins are tetrapyrroles containing the following side chains:

methyl (4)
propionic acid (2)
vinyl (2)

Protoporphyrin IX is a biochemical widely used as a carrier molecule for divalent cations. Together with iron (Fe 2+) the body of the heme- group of hemoglobin, myoglobin and many other heme-containing enzymes like cytochrome c and catalase are formed. Complexed with magnesium-ions (Mg 2+) the main part of the Chlorophylls are formed. Complexed with zinc-ions (Zn 2+) it forms Zinc protoporphyrin.

The number (e.g. IX) indicates the position of different side chains, but historically, as the nomenclature has grown, it has done so systematically only in parts.

Protoporphyrin IX as a direct precursor of heme is accumulated by patients of erythropoietic protoporphyria, which is one of the genetic disorders of the biosynthesis of the heme -pathway. It causes a severe photosensivity against visible light.

The sensitivity of protoporphyrin IX against light is also used as a therapy against different forms of cancer (photodynamic therapy, PDT).

Protoporphyrins are deposited in the shells of the eggs of some birds as a brown or red pigment, either as a ground colour or as spotting. This occurs in most passerine species, some ground-nesting non-passerines, such as waders, gulls, nightjars and sandgrouse, where it provides camouflage, and some parasitic cuckoos, which need to mimic their passerine hosts' eggs.

Protoporphyrins strengthen the egg shell, and are deposited where the shell is too thin as a result of calcium shortage. Spotting therefore tend to be heavier where the local soil is calcium-deficient, and in the eggs laid last in a clutch.

External links

Protoporphyrins at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
PubChem 4971 - protoporphyrin IX

This biochemistry article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.

UpToDate Contents

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1. 骨髄性プロトポルフィリン症 erythropoietic protoporphyria
2. ポルフィリン症：概要 porphyrias an overview
3. Causes and diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in the adult
4. 成人における鉛中毒 adult lead poisoning
5. 鉄芽球性貧血の臨床的側面、診断、および治療 clinical aspects diagnosis and treatment of the sideroblastic anemias

English Journal

Label-free G-quadruplex-specific fluorescent probe for sensitive detection of copper(II) ion.

Zhang L, Zhu J, Ai J, Zhou Z, Jia X, Wang E.SourceState Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin 130022, PR China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China.
Biosensors & bioelectronics.Biosens Bioelectron.2013 Jan 15;39(1):268-73. Epub 2012 Aug 5.
An effective G-quadruplex-based probe has been constructed for rapid and sensitive detection of Cu(2+). In this probe, an anionic porphyrin, protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) served as a reference signal, which binds to G-quadruplex specifically and the fluorescence intensity increases sharply. While, in the
PMID 22921949

The heme oxygenase-1 inhibitor ZnPPIX induces non-canonical, Beclin 1-independent, autophagy through p38 MAPK pathway.

Zhou C, Zhou J, Sheng F, Zhu H, Deng X, Xia B, Lin J.SourceKey Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of the Ministry of Education, School of Biological Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica.Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai).2012 Oct;44(10):815-22. Epub 2012 Aug 7.
Zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPPIX), a heme oxygenase-1 enzyme inhibitor, has been reported to induce apoptosis and to have antitumor properties. Here, we report that ZnPPIX triggers autophagy and causes defective autophagy flux in HeLa cells. Autophagosome formation was independent of Beclin 1, indicat
PMID 22875631

Japanese Journal

Mitochondrial function provides instructive signals for activation-induced B-cell fates.

Jang Kyoung-Jin,Mano Hiroto,Aoki Koji,Hayashi Tatsunari,Muto Akihiko,Nambu Yukiko,Takahashi Katsu,Itoh Katsuhiko,Taketani Shigeru,Nutt Stephen L,Igarashi Kazuhiko,Shimizu Akira,Sugai Manabu
Nature communications 6, 2015-04-10
… In CSR-committed cells, mROS attenuates haeme synthesis by inhibiting ferrous ion addition to protoporphyrin IX, thereby maintaining Bach2 function. …
NAID 120005595832

Mg-chelatase Ⅰ subunit 1 and Mg-protoporphyrin Ⅸ methyltransferase affect the stomatal aperture in Arabidopsis thaliana

Tomiyama Masakazu,Inoue Shin-ichiro,Tsuzuki Tomo [他]
Journal of plant research 127(4), 553-563, 2014-07
NAID 40020111034

EPR効果に基づくポリマー抗癌剤の腫瘍デリバリー : 微小癌の検出・治療を目的としたセラノスティック薬剤の開発 (特集次世代創薬技術の開発と応用)

中村秀明,方軍,前田浩
化學工業 65(6), 454-458, 2014-06
NAID 40020104850

Related Pictures

★リンクテーブル★

リンク元	「プロトポルフィリン」「protoporphyrin disodium」「protoporphyrin IX」
拡張検索	「protoporphyrinogen oxidase」
関連記事	「protoporphyrins」